雅思阅读考情回顾.docx

雅思阅读考情回顾.docx

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雅思阅读考情回顾

2018年12月8日雅思阅读考情回顾

一、考试时间：

2018年12月8日（周六）

二、考试概述：

第一篇Australia’scanetoadproblems，澳大利亚害虫问题。

可参考剑八第四套第二篇BiologicalControlofpests和剑十第四套第三篇Whenevolutionrunsbackwards。

第二篇Newfilterspromisewatertomillions，滤水器的发明。

可参考剑八第一套第一篇Achronicleoftimekeeping和剑十第一套第一篇Stepwells。

第三篇WhoshouldlookafterbabiesinBritain，男性和女性照顾孩子的异同。

可参考剑六第四套第二篇Doliteratewomenmakebettermothers和剑五第三套第一篇EarlyChildhoodEducation。

三、文章简介

第一篇Australia’scanetoadproblems，澳大利亚害虫问题

第二篇Newfilterspromisewatertomillions，滤水器的发明

第三篇 WhoshouldlookafterbabiesinBritain，男性和女性照顾孩子的异同

四、篇章分析：

Passage1

文章内容

澳大利亚的某种害虫的幼虫啃食澳大利亚植物的根，为了解决的这种问题，澳大利亚从北美引入canetoad,但事实证明canetoad的引入却是一种失败，并没有能够解决问题反而霸占了越来越多的其他动物群fanua的栖息地。

题型分布与答案参考

填空题7，判断题6

答案回忆待补充

相关拓展

TherapidspreadofAustralia'scanetoadpests

TheyaretoxicinvadersthathaveconqueredswathesofnorthernAustraliaastheycontinuetheirseeminglyirrepressiblemarchwesttowardstheIndianOcean.

Packedwithpoisonandsupremelyadaptable,thedreadedcanetoad,orBufomarinus,hasfewfriendsinAustralia,whereamassivescientificandcommunityefforthasfailedtostoptheiradvance.

"TheyprobablyhavemovedabouthalfwaythroughthattropicalregionofWesternAustralia,"explainedRickShine,aprofessorinbiologyattheUniversityofSydney."TheyareinveryinaccessiblecountrynowintheKimberley.Itisveryhardtogetdetailedinformationonexactlywherethefrontisbutitseemstobemovingat50to60km（31to37miles）perannum."

Thewartyamphibiansmoveonlyduringthewetseason.Althoughtrackingstudieshaveshownmanyhoplessthan10metresaday,thoseatthefrontlinehavegrownbiggerandfaster.

"Theguysattheinvasionfrontupinthetropicsaremovingoftenkilometresinasinglenightandtheyhaveevolvedthisverydistinctivebehaviour,"ProfShinetoldtheBBC.

"They'veactuallyevolveddifferencesinshapeandphysiologyaswell.Essentiallytheyhaveturnedintothesedispersalmachinesandtheymoveasfarastheycan,asfastastheycan."ExpertsarereluctanttospeculateonhowmanyoftheseunwelcomepestshavebeenunleashedacrossAustralia'snorth.Theyareprolificbreeders-someestimatesputthefigureataround1.5billion-butitisimpossibletoknowforsure.

Australiahasalonganddepressinghistoryofinadvertentlyintroducingwreckingballspeciesaspetsandlivestock,orforsport.Examplesincludefoxes,pigsandrabbits,goats,camelsandcats.Invasiveplantsandfishhavealsohadadramaticeffectonnativefloraandfauna,butitisthecanetoadthatiswidelyreviledaboveallelse.

Howdidtheyarrive?

ForAustralia,thegrimstorybeganinthesugarcaneplantationsofPuertoRico,whichhadimportedgianttoadsfromSouthAmericatoeatthegrubsthatweredevouringthecrop.

Wordspreadofthesuccessesofthesebug-catchingamphibiansandbythe1930s,thecanetoadswerebeingsentaroundtheworld.In1935,101toadsarrivedinFarNorthQueenslandinareasincludingCairnsandInnisfail,beforebeingbredincaptivity.Theirprogenywasreleasedonmissionstohuntandkillcane-destroyingbeetlesonAustralia'snorth-eastcoast.

Communitytoad“musters”havesnaredcountlessnumbersovertheyears.In2005DavidTollner,aformerfederalMP,famouslyurgedNorthernTerritoryresidentstohelpsquashtheproblemwiththeirgolfclubsandcricketbats-effectivelyturningeradicationintosport.

Thentherewastheso-called"bottom-line"defencesupportedbytheRSPCAinDarwin,whichrecommendedkillingcapturedamphibiansbysmearingthemwithhaemorrhoidcream,whichactedasananaesthetic.

In2009,toadscrossedtheWesternAustralianborderwiththeNorthernTerritory,morethan2,000kmfromthesiteoftheiroriginalrelease74yearsearlier.

Itwasadarkdaythatconservationistshadbothdreadedandseencoming.TheinvasionpenetratedtheKimberleyregion,anareathreetimesthesizeofEnglandandregardedasawildernessfrontier."Sadly,theKimberleyhaslostthebattletothecanetoad.Theyhaveinvadedcloseto70%oftheKimberley,sothetoadsarewellandtrulyontheirwaytothenortherncoastalareas,"saidLeeScott-Virtue,thepresidentofKimberleyToadbusters,agroupshesetupin2004.

"Ithasbeenareallydisturbinglesson.Theproblemistheyareadaptingtodry,desertconditions.Theyareadjustingtoverycoldclimatesandtheyareactuallystartingtobreedinsalinewater."

Mostrecentdiscovery

OnWednesday,wildliferangersrevealedacanetoadwasfoundbesidearoadnearMountKosciuszkoinsouthernNewSouthWales.Authoritiessuspectitwascarriedinbyatourist,andhavenotfoundotherevidenceofthespeciesthere.Nonetheless,theyareconcerned."Therearecertainlyenvironmentandtimesoftheyearwhensuchananimalcouldpersist（survive）,"DaveWoods,astatewildlifeofficer,toldtheAustralianBroadcastingCorp.Hesaidtoadscouldprovideafreshthreattoendangeredspeciesinthearea,anationalpark.

Thetoadsaredevourersofinsectsandothersmallprey,buttheyareattheirmostdestructivewhentheyareeatenbylargerpredators,suchassnakes,goannasandfreshwatercrocodiles.Alargeglandonthetoad'sshoulderisloadedwithdeadlycardiactoxins.

Inanunusualmove,researchersaretryingtotrainpredatorstoavoidlargercanetoadsbyfeedingthemsmallerspecimens,whichmakethemillbutshouldnotkillthem.Theseso-calledtaste-aversionstrategiesincludefeedingsausagesmadeofmincedamphibiantonorthernquolls,acarnivorousmarsupial.Theyeatthemeat,whichcausesvomiting,inthehopeitwillputthemoffeatingtoadsagain.Alarge-scaletrialisduetostartinWesternAustraliasoon.CorrinEveritt,fromthestate'sDepartmentofParksandWildlife,toldtheBBCthatwhiletheprojectcouldensurefewerlargepredatorswerelost,itwouldnothalttheinvasion."Atthemomentwe'repredictingthetoadstotakeatleastfiveyearstoreachtheBroomearea,"shesaid."Theyareanamazinganimalwhenyoutakeawayalltheuglinessaboutthem.Youjustwishthatournativespeciescouldbeasadaptableandsuccessfulincolonisingareasastheyare."

Passage2：

文章内容

讲述Mr.Flynn偶然间发明的一种waterfilter,不仅便宜好用，而且还讲述了waterfilter的制作过程。

最后讲述Mr.Flynn并不想将这个发明申请专利，他认为大家都有权利使用他的这个发明。

文章结构：

A段：

一项发明将清洁的水带进第三世界

B段：

简单介绍滤水器的原理

C段：

滤水器的制作过程

D段：

滤水器没有技术限制

E段：

利用便宜易得的牛粪材料的多孔性

F段：

商业陶瓷过滤器的价格超过很多发展中国家的预算

G段：

这款净水器能让发展中国家每个人都能喝上干净的水

题型分布与答案参考

填空题6，判断题4，单选题3

参考答案

Question14-19

Completetheflowchart.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromtheReadingPassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes14-19onyouranswersheet.

GuidetoMakingWaterFilters

Stepone:

combinationof14.clayandorganicmaterial,with sufficient

15.watertocreateathickmixturesundried

Steptwo:

pack16.strawaroundthecylinders

placethemin17.cowmanurewhichisasburningfuelforfiring（maximumtemperature:

18.950degrees）filterbeingbakedinunder

19.60minutes

Question20-23

20Ittakeshalfanhourforthemanuretoreach950degrees.FALSE

21Claywasinitiallyfoundtobeunsuitableforpotmaking.TRUE

22Coffeegroundsaretwiceas effective asothermaterials.NOTGIVEN

23E-coliisthemostdifficultbacteriatocombat.NOTGIVEN

Question24-26

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD

Writeyouranswersinboxes24-26onyouranswersheet.

24Whenmakingthepot,thethicknessofthewall

Aislargeenoughtoletthepathogenstopass

Bvariedaccordingtothetemperatureofthefuel

Cshouldbethesameasanadult'sforefinger.

DisnotmentionedbyMr.Flynn.

25whatistrueaboutthecharity,it

Afailedinsearchingtheappropriatematerials

Bsuccessfullymanufactureakilnbasedceramicfiltertobesoldworldwide

Cfoundthatthelocalclayaregoodenough

Dintendedtohelpbuildalocalfilterproductionfactory.

26Mr.Flynn'sdesignispurposelynotbeingpatented

Abecausehehopesitcanbefreelyusedaroundtheworld

Bbecausehedoesn'tthinkthetechnologyisperfectenough

Cbecausetherearesomelegalobstacles

Dbecausethedesignhasalreadybeenappliedthoroughly.

（答案仅供参考）

相关拓展

Newfilterpromisescleanwaterformillions

Aningeniousinventionissettobringcleanwatertodevelopingcountries,andwhilethesciencemaybecuttingedge,thematerialsareextremelydowntoearth.Ahandfulofclay,yesterday'scoffeegroundsandsomecowmanurearetheingredientsthatcouldbringclean,safedrinkingwatertomanydevelopingcountries.Thesimplenewtechnology,developedbyAustralianNationalUniversity（ANU）materialsscientistandpotterTonyFlynn,allowswaterfilterstobemadefromcommonlyavailablematerialsandfired（orbaked）usingcowmanureasthesourceofheat,withouttheneedforakiln（anovenforbakingordryingpottery）.Thefiltershavebeentestedandshowntoremovecommonpathogens（disease-producingorganisms）includingE-coli.

TheinventionwasbornoutofaprojectinvolvingtheManatutocommunityinEastTimor.Acharityoperatingtherewantedtohelpsetupasmallindustrialsitemanufacturingwaterfilters,butinitialresearchfoundthelocalclaytobetoofine–aproblemsolvedbytheadditionoforganicmaterial.

WhiletheproblemsofproducingaworkingceramicfilterinEastTimorwereovercome,thesolutionwaskiln-basedandparticulartothatcommunity’smaterialsandcouldn'tbeappliedelsewhere.Flynn’stechniqueformanurefiring,withnorequirementforakiln,hasmadethiszerotechnologyapproachavailableanywhereitisneeded.

Othercommercialclayfiltersdoexist,but,evenifavailable,withpricesstartingatUS$5each,theyareoftenoutsidethebudgetsofmostpeopleinthedevelopingworld.Unlikeotherwaterfilteringdevices,