雅思阅读考情回顾.docx
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雅思阅读考情回顾
2018年12月8日雅思阅读考情回顾
一、考试时间:
2018年12月8日(周六)
二、考试概述:
第一篇Australia’scanetoadproblems,澳大利亚害虫问题。
可参考剑八第四套第二篇BiologicalControlofpests和剑十第四套第三篇Whenevolutionrunsbackwards。
第二篇Newfilterspromisewatertomillions,滤水器的发明。
可参考剑八第一套第一篇Achronicleoftimekeeping和剑十第一套第一篇Stepwells。
第三篇WhoshouldlookafterbabiesinBritain,男性和女性照顾孩子的异同。
可参考剑六第四套第二篇Doliteratewomenmakebettermothers和剑五第三套第一篇EarlyChildhoodEducation。
三、文章简介
第一篇Australia’scanetoadproblems,澳大利亚害虫问题
第二篇Newfilterspromisewatertomillions,滤水器的发明
第三篇 WhoshouldlookafterbabiesinBritain,男性和女性照顾孩子的异同
四、篇章分析:
Passage1
文章内容
澳大利亚的某种害虫的幼虫啃食澳大利亚植物的根,为了解决的这种问题,澳大利亚从北美引入canetoad,但事实证明canetoad的引入却是一种失败,并没有能够解决问题反而霸占了越来越多的其他动物群fanua的栖息地。
题型分布与答案参考
填空题7,判断题6
答案回忆待补充
相关拓展
TherapidspreadofAustralia'scanetoadpests
TheyaretoxicinvadersthathaveconqueredswathesofnorthernAustraliaastheycontinuetheirseeminglyirrepressiblemarchwesttowardstheIndianOcean.
Packedwithpoisonandsupremelyadaptable,thedreadedcanetoad,orBufomarinus,hasfewfriendsinAustralia,whereamassivescientificandcommunityefforthasfailedtostoptheiradvance.
"TheyprobablyhavemovedabouthalfwaythroughthattropicalregionofWesternAustralia,"explainedRickShine,aprofessorinbiologyattheUniversityofSydney."TheyareinveryinaccessiblecountrynowintheKimberley.Itisveryhardtogetdetailedinformationonexactlywherethefrontisbutitseemstobemovingat50to60km(31to37miles)perannum."
Thewartyamphibiansmoveonlyduringthewetseason.Althoughtrackingstudieshaveshownmanyhoplessthan10metresaday,thoseatthefrontlinehavegrownbiggerandfaster.
"Theguysattheinvasionfrontupinthetropicsaremovingoftenkilometresinasinglenightandtheyhaveevolvedthisverydistinctivebehaviour,"ProfShinetoldtheBBC.
"They'veactuallyevolveddifferencesinshapeandphysiologyaswell.Essentiallytheyhaveturnedintothesedispersalmachinesandtheymoveasfarastheycan,asfastastheycan."ExpertsarereluctanttospeculateonhowmanyoftheseunwelcomepestshavebeenunleashedacrossAustralia'snorth.Theyareprolificbreeders-someestimatesputthefigureataround1.5billion-butitisimpossibletoknowforsure.
Australiahasalonganddepressinghistoryofinadvertentlyintroducingwreckingballspeciesaspetsandlivestock,orforsport.Examplesincludefoxes,pigsandrabbits,goats,camelsandcats.Invasiveplantsandfishhavealsohadadramaticeffectonnativefloraandfauna,butitisthecanetoadthatiswidelyreviledaboveallelse.
Howdidtheyarrive?
ForAustralia,thegrimstorybeganinthesugarcaneplantationsofPuertoRico,whichhadimportedgianttoadsfromSouthAmericatoeatthegrubsthatweredevouringthecrop.
Wordspreadofthesuccessesofthesebug-catchingamphibiansandbythe1930s,thecanetoadswerebeingsentaroundtheworld.In1935,101toadsarrivedinFarNorthQueenslandinareasincludingCairnsandInnisfail,beforebeingbredincaptivity.Theirprogenywasreleasedonmissionstohuntandkillcane-destroyingbeetlesonAustralia'snorth-eastcoast.
Communitytoad“musters”havesnaredcountlessnumbersovertheyears.In2005DavidTollner,aformerfederalMP,famouslyurgedNorthernTerritoryresidentstohelpsquashtheproblemwiththeirgolfclubsandcricketbats-effectivelyturningeradicationintosport.
Thentherewastheso-called"bottom-line"defencesupportedbytheRSPCAinDarwin,whichrecommendedkillingcapturedamphibiansbysmearingthemwithhaemorrhoidcream,whichactedasananaesthetic.
In2009,toadscrossedtheWesternAustralianborderwiththeNorthernTerritory,morethan2,000kmfromthesiteoftheiroriginalrelease74yearsearlier.
Itwasadarkdaythatconservationistshadbothdreadedandseencoming.TheinvasionpenetratedtheKimberleyregion,anareathreetimesthesizeofEnglandandregardedasawildernessfrontier."Sadly,theKimberleyhaslostthebattletothecanetoad.Theyhaveinvadedcloseto70%oftheKimberley,sothetoadsarewellandtrulyontheirwaytothenortherncoastalareas,"saidLeeScott-Virtue,thepresidentofKimberleyToadbusters,agroupshesetupin2004.
"Ithasbeenareallydisturbinglesson.Theproblemistheyareadaptingtodry,desertconditions.Theyareadjustingtoverycoldclimatesandtheyareactuallystartingtobreedinsalinewater."
Mostrecentdiscovery
OnWednesday,wildliferangersrevealedacanetoadwasfoundbesidearoadnearMountKosciuszkoinsouthernNewSouthWales.Authoritiessuspectitwascarriedinbyatourist,andhavenotfoundotherevidenceofthespeciesthere.Nonetheless,theyareconcerned."Therearecertainlyenvironmentandtimesoftheyearwhensuchananimalcouldpersist(survive),"DaveWoods,astatewildlifeofficer,toldtheAustralianBroadcastingCorp.Hesaidtoadscouldprovideafreshthreattoendangeredspeciesinthearea,anationalpark.
Thetoadsaredevourersofinsectsandothersmallprey,buttheyareattheirmostdestructivewhentheyareeatenbylargerpredators,suchassnakes,goannasandfreshwatercrocodiles.Alargeglandonthetoad'sshoulderisloadedwithdeadlycardiactoxins.
Inanunusualmove,researchersaretryingtotrainpredatorstoavoidlargercanetoadsbyfeedingthemsmallerspecimens,whichmakethemillbutshouldnotkillthem.Theseso-calledtaste-aversionstrategiesincludefeedingsausagesmadeofmincedamphibiantonorthernquolls,acarnivorousmarsupial.Theyeatthemeat,whichcausesvomiting,inthehopeitwillputthemoffeatingtoadsagain.Alarge-scaletrialisduetostartinWesternAustraliasoon.CorrinEveritt,fromthestate'sDepartmentofParksandWildlife,toldtheBBCthatwhiletheprojectcouldensurefewerlargepredatorswerelost,itwouldnothalttheinvasion."Atthemomentwe'repredictingthetoadstotakeatleastfiveyearstoreachtheBroomearea,"shesaid."Theyareanamazinganimalwhenyoutakeawayalltheuglinessaboutthem.Youjustwishthatournativespeciescouldbeasadaptableandsuccessfulincolonisingareasastheyare."
Passage2:
文章内容
讲述Mr.Flynn偶然间发明的一种waterfilter,不仅便宜好用,而且还讲述了waterfilter的制作过程。
最后讲述Mr.Flynn并不想将这个发明申请专利,他认为大家都有权利使用他的这个发明。
文章结构:
A段:
一项发明将清洁的水带进第三世界
B段:
简单介绍滤水器的原理
C段:
滤水器的制作过程
D段:
滤水器没有技术限制
E段:
利用便宜易得的牛粪材料的多孔性
F段:
商业陶瓷过滤器的价格超过很多发展中国家的预算
G段:
这款净水器能让发展中国家每个人都能喝上干净的水
题型分布与答案参考
填空题6,判断题4,单选题3
参考答案
Question14-19
Completetheflowchart.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromtheReadingPassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes14-19onyouranswersheet.
GuidetoMakingWaterFilters
Stepone:
combinationof14.clayandorganicmaterial,with sufficient
15.watertocreateathickmixturesundried
Steptwo:
pack16.strawaroundthecylinders
placethemin17.cowmanurewhichisasburningfuelforfiring(maximumtemperature:
18.950degrees)filterbeingbakedinunder
19.60minutes
Question20-23
20Ittakeshalfanhourforthemanuretoreach950degrees.FALSE
21Claywasinitiallyfoundtobeunsuitableforpotmaking.TRUE
22Coffeegroundsaretwiceas effective asothermaterials.NOTGIVEN
23E-coliisthemostdifficultbacteriatocombat.NOTGIVEN
Question24-26
Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD
Writeyouranswersinboxes24-26onyouranswersheet.
24Whenmakingthepot,thethicknessofthewall
Aislargeenoughtoletthepathogenstopass
Bvariedaccordingtothetemperatureofthefuel
Cshouldbethesameasanadult'sforefinger.
DisnotmentionedbyMr.Flynn.
25whatistrueaboutthecharity,it
Afailedinsearchingtheappropriatematerials
Bsuccessfullymanufactureakilnbasedceramicfiltertobesoldworldwide
Cfoundthatthelocalclayaregoodenough
Dintendedtohelpbuildalocalfilterproductionfactory.
26Mr.Flynn'sdesignispurposelynotbeingpatented
Abecausehehopesitcanbefreelyusedaroundtheworld
Bbecausehedoesn'tthinkthetechnologyisperfectenough
Cbecausetherearesomelegalobstacles
Dbecausethedesignhasalreadybeenappliedthoroughly.
(答案仅供参考)
相关拓展
Newfilterpromisescleanwaterformillions
Aningeniousinventionissettobringcleanwatertodevelopingcountries,andwhilethesciencemaybecuttingedge,thematerialsareextremelydowntoearth.Ahandfulofclay,yesterday'scoffeegroundsandsomecowmanurearetheingredientsthatcouldbringclean,safedrinkingwatertomanydevelopingcountries.Thesimplenewtechnology,developedbyAustralianNationalUniversity(ANU)materialsscientistandpotterTonyFlynn,allowswaterfilterstobemadefromcommonlyavailablematerialsandfired(orbaked)usingcowmanureasthesourceofheat,withouttheneedforakiln(anovenforbakingordryingpottery).Thefiltershavebeentestedandshowntoremovecommonpathogens(disease-producingorganisms)includingE-coli.
TheinventionwasbornoutofaprojectinvolvingtheManatutocommunityinEastTimor.Acharityoperatingtherewantedtohelpsetupasmallindustrialsitemanufacturingwaterfilters,butinitialresearchfoundthelocalclaytobetoofine–aproblemsolvedbytheadditionoforganicmaterial.
WhiletheproblemsofproducingaworkingceramicfilterinEastTimorwereovercome,thesolutionwaskiln-basedandparticulartothatcommunity’smaterialsandcouldn'tbeappliedelsewhere.Flynn’stechniqueformanurefiring,withnorequirementforakiln,hasmadethiszerotechnologyapproachavailableanywhereitisneeded.
Othercommercialclayfiltersdoexist,but,evenifavailable,withpricesstartingatUS$5each,theyareoftenoutsidethebudgetsofmostpeopleinthedevelopingworld.Unlikeotherwaterfilteringdevices,