商法(双语)(2).ppt
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第二编第二编企业组织法企业组织法v第一章我国企业组织的历史发展Accordingtotheclassificationofinvestorsv-State-ownedEnterprises:
theLawonIndustrialEnterprisesOwnedbytheWholePeople(passedin1986butnotineffectuntil1988)v-Collectively-ownedEnterprises:
StateCouncil:
RegulationsonRuralCollectively-OwnedEnterprises(1990);RegulationsonUrbanCollectively-OwnedEnterprises(1991);NPCStandingCommittee:
thelawontownshipandvillageenterprises(1996)v-PrivateEnterprises:
StateCouncil:
theProvisionalRegulationsonPrivateEnterprises(1988)v-Individualhouseholdfirms(个体户)andLeaseholdingFarmHouseholds(农村承包经营户):
theGeneralPrinciplesofCivilLaw(1986)v-Foreign-investedEnterprisesAccordingtothestructuresoforganizationsv-CompanyLaw(1993,asamendedin2005)v-PartnershipEnterpriseLaw(1997,asamendedin2006)v-SoleProprietorshipLaw(2000)v-ShareholdingCooperativeEnterprisestypesoftheForeign-investedbusinessorganizationsv
(1)LLC:
EJVlaw(art.4),CJVlawimplementingrules(arts4,14),WFOElawimplementingrules(art.18)v
(2)JSC(orcompanieslimitedbyshares):
MinistryofForeignTradeandEconomicCooperation,ProvisionalRegulationsonCertainIssuesConcerningtheEstablishmentofCompaniesLimitedbyShareswithForeignInvestment(1995)v(3)non-legalperson:
CJVlawimplementingrules(arts4),WFOElawimplementingrules(art.18)vTheabovementionedorganizationsarethetraditionalforeign-investedenterprises(FIEs),theestablishmentofwhichneedstoobtainpriorapprovalfromMofcomoritsrelevantlocalbranch.v(4)Partnership:
statecouncil:
MeasuresfortheAdministrationoftheEstablishmentofPartnershipEnterprisesintheTerritoryofChinabyForeignEnterprisesorIndividuals(2009)vSo-calledFIPs:
noneedtoobtainpriorapprovalfromMofcomoritsrelevantlocalbranchv企业设立法定主义?
vDonaldC.Clarke,HowDoWeKnowWhenanEnterpriseExists,ColumbiaJournalofAsianLaw,vol.19,no.1(20052006):
50-71“ruleoflaw”modelv.“practicalpower”modelvIndeed,itfollowsasanaturalconsequenceofthepracticalpowermodelthatlegalsanctionisnotnecessaryforaChineseenterprisetohaveavalidlegalexistence,bywhichImeananexistencethatisacknowledgedasaffectinglegalrightsofvariousparties.Anenterprisecanexistifagovernmentagencysaysitexistsandhasthecapacitytomakeitsfiatrespectedinpartorallofthesystem.Therearenorulesaboutwhichgovernmentagencyhasthepowertocreatewhatkindofenterprise,andthereisnosettledwaytoresolvedisputesaboutsuchpower.”(pp.21-22)vWHYDOESITMATTER?
v-itconcernstheliabilityofparticipantsintheorganizationtothirdpartiesv-itrelatestomattersofinternalcorporategovernance“Clearly,thebaldassertionthatanorganizationexistscannotbeenough.Whenwesaythatanorganizationexists,itmustmeanthatitsexistenceisacknowledgedbyothersinimportantandmeaningfulways.Itisimportanttostatethispointclearly:
nopersonorgroupofpersonscansuccessfullyestablishalegallyrecognizedorganizationontheirown.Thelegalsystemmustcooperatebyacknowledgingandrecognizingwhattheyhavedone.Indeed,thequestionofwhetheranorganizationexistsornotisunimportant;thequestioniswhetheritcaninteractwiththeworld,andwhetheritsallegedexistencemakesanydifferenceintheworld.Theanswertothatquestionliesinwhetheritsexistenceisacknowledged.vTherefore,thequestionwhenweseeaclaimthatanentityexistsisnotwhytheorganizersestablishedit(evenwhentheremaybenolawprovidingforsuchanorganization,orindeedwheretheymaybealawforbiddingsuchanorganization).Thequestioniswhyotherpeopleandorganizations,includingstateorganizations,doorshouldgiverecognitiontothisentityevenwhereithasnolegalbasis.”第二章第二章个人独资企业法个人独资企业法v卞耀武主编中华人民共和国个人独资企业法释义法律出版社,2000年第一版vJ.DennisHynes,Agency,Partnership,andtheLLC(2ndedition)(WestNutshellSeries)ThomsonWest,法律出版社vR.W.Hamilton,TheLawofCorporations,WestNutshellSeries,St.Paul,Minn.v一、什么是个人独资企业?
v中华人民共和国个人独资企业法第2条:
指依照个人独资企业法在中国境内设立,由一个自然人投资,财产为投资人个人所有,投资人以其个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任的经营实体。
vArticle2ThesoleproprietorshipreferredtobythisLawmeansabusinessentitywhich,inaccordancewiththisLaw,isestablishedwithinChinaandinvestedinbyonenaturalpersonandthepropertyofwhichispersonallyownedbytheinvestorwhoshallassumeunlimitedliabilitiesforthedebtsoftheenterprisewithhisownproperty.v特点:
v
(1)一个自然人投资v
(2)财产为投资人个人所有v(3)无限责任v(4)经营实体J.DennisHynes,Agency,Partnership,andtheLLC(2ndedition)(WestNutshellSeries)ThomsonWest,法律出版社,p194:
v“Inonesense,thesoleproprietorshipisnota“form”ofdoingbusinessatall.Asoleproprietorshipissimplyonepersongoingintobusinesswithoutmakinganyplansforanentitytocarryonthebusiness.Nopapersarefiledinordertocreatethebusiness.Thesoleproprietorshipisoneofthetwo“default”waysofdoingbusiness,inthesensethatitappliesifnootherformischosen.(Theotherdefaultform,coveringthesituationinwhichthereismorethanoneowner,isthegeneralpartnership.)R.W.Hamilton,TheLawofCorporations(5thedition),WestNutshellSeries,St.Paul,Minn.,p6:
v“Aproprietorshipisabusinessownedbyasinglepersonwhoahsthesolerighttomanage,issolelyentitledtotheprofits,andisunlimitedlyresponsibleforthedebtsofthebusiness.Aproprietorshipisoftenviewednotasaseparatebusinessentitybutasanextensionoftheproprietorhimself.Forexample,aproprietorshipisnotaseparatee