英语四级长篇阅读练习题和答案.docx

英语四级长篇阅读练习题和答案.docx

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英语四级长篇阅读练习题和答案

英语四级长篇阅读练习题和答案

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TheHeartAssoeiationsJunkScienceDietA.ArecentCambridge...

下面是我整理的，希望对大家有帮助。

TheHeartAssoeiationsJunkScienceDiet

A.ArecentCambridgeUniversityanalysisof76studiesinvolvingmorethan650，000peopleconcluded,"ThecurrentevidencedoesnotclearlysupportguidelinesthatlowconsumptionoftotalSaturatedfats."YettheAmericanHeartAssociation（AriA.，initsmostrecentdietaryguidelines，heldfasttotheideathatwemustA.leatlow.fatdietsforoptimalhearthealth.Itsastancethat—attheverybest—iscontroversiA.，andatworstisdeadwrong.Asapracticingcardiologist（心脏病学家）formorethanthreedecades，Iagreewiththelatte—itsdeadwrong.WhydoestheAHAclingtorecommendationsthatflyinthefaceofscientificevidence?

B.WhatIdiscoveredwasbotheye.openinganddisturbin9.TheAHAnotonlyignoredA.ltheotherriskfactorsforheartdisease，butitappointedsomeonewithtiestoBigFoodandbizarrescientificbeliefstoleadtheguideline-writingpaneHustthetypeofthingthatunderminesthepublicsconfidenceinthemedicalcommunity.TheAHAguidelineswarrantthatsaturatedfatmakeupnomorethan5to6percentofdailycaloriesforadultsbecausethiswilllower"bad"cholesterol（胆固醇）.And，forthosepeoplewhoneedbloodpressurecontrol，theguidelinesA.sosuggestloweringsodium（salt）intaketonomorethanateaspoon（2，300mg）daily.Despitemanyotherknownriskfactorsforheartdisease，saltandfatwere，astonishingly,theonlytwoconsideredbytheAHApanelwritingtheguidelines.TherearemanyotherrecognizedriskfactorstheAHAignored，includingbloodsugarlevel，low"good"cholesterol，insulin（胰岛素）levels，andbodyweight—anoftheseareinfluencedbydiet.

C.Infact，mostpeoplewhohaveheartattacksdonthaveelevationsinbadcholesterol.Theyaremuchmorelikelytohavemetabolicsyndrome（新陈代谢综合征）—aconditionthatputsyouathighriskfordiabetesandheartdisease.Interestinglyenough，bloodtriglycerides（甘油三脂）donotgoupwitheatingfat—theygoupifyoueatadiethighinprocessedgrains，starches，andsugar.Unfortunatelyfortheproponentsofhigh-carbohydrate（糖类）diets，highbloodtriglyceridesareamajorriskfactorforheartdisease.Inaddition.lowfat/highcarbdietslowerprotective"good"cholesterolandraiseinsulin.

Thesedietsareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofdiabetes.whichisapowerfulriskfactorfordevelopingheartdisease.

HeartCheekProgramscontribution

D.Thewritersofthe2013statinguidelinesbasedtheirrecommendationsonstudiesthatlookedatthereductionintheriskofeventslikeheartattacksinpeopletreatedwithparedtopeopleonaplacebo（安慰剂）.TheAHAdietaryguidelinesdonotciteanydietstudiesthatlookedatwhetherfollowingaspecificdietloweredtheriskofdevelopingheartevents—yettheyaregivingdietaryadvice.Why?

Theremightbetwoplausiblereasons.OneistheAHAsmoneymaking"HeartCheckProgram."ThesecondistheconflictofinterestofRobertEcke—theco-chairofthepanelthatwrotetheguidelines.

E.Forty.fivepercentofthese"heartheA.thy"foods—over400ofthem—aremeat：

92areprocessedmeats—whichhavebeenshowntohaveeitherneutrA.ornegativeeffectsonhearthealth.Evenmoreproblematicarethefoodscontainingaddedsugar.TheAHArecommendsthatwomenconsumeless

than6teaspoons（100calories）ofsugaradayandlessthan9teaspoons（150caories）formen.YetthereareitemsthatgetthenodofapprovA.fromtheHeartCheckprogramdespitebeingnearoratthesugarlimit.1ikeBrucesYamsCandiedSweetPotatoesandHeA.thyChoiceSA.isburySteak.

F.Untilthisyear,HeartCheckapprovedmanyfoodswithtrans-fats，whichraisebadcholesterolandlowergoodcholesterol，amongotherharmfuleffectsonheA.th，likeincreasinginflammation（发炎）andthelayingdownofcalciuminarteries（动脉）.

G.Likethedietaryguidelines，theAHAHeartCheckProgramappearstoaddressonlytheeffectoffoodsoncholesterollevelandbloodpressure.Meanwhile，sincethe1970s，ouryearlysugarconsumptionhasincreasedquicklyA.ongwiththeincidenceofdiabetesandobesity.ThisbringsustoDr.Robert

H.Eckel，theco-chairoftheWorkingGroup.HeisaconsultantforFoodminds.whichspecializes"infood，beverage，nutrition，healthandwellness."Foodmindsworkswithmorethan30leadingfood，beverage，andnutritiontooffera"onestopshopof...consulting...toguidefoodandbeveragecompaniesinnavigatingthecomplexitiesaroundtheupcomingFDANutritionFactslabeloverhaul."Inotherwords.Foodmindsisalobbyingfirmfor"BigFood."

Creationistscoming

H.Andthenthereisthis：

Dr.Eckeldescribeshimselfas"ascientistandprofessingsix.daycreationistandamemberofthetechnicA.advisoryboardoftheInstituteforCreationResearch..."Manyscientistsarereligious.111isisnottoquestionDr.Eckelsreligiousbeliefs.buttoquestionhisabilitytothinksciemificA.ly.Hebelievesthereisscientificproofthattheworldwascreatedinsixdaysandmatevolutiondoesnotexist.Thisshouldatleastraiseeyebrowswhentheco-chairofaninfluentialpanelchargedwithgivingscientificA.lysounddietaryadvicehasafinanciA.conflictofinterestandproselytizesforbeliefsthatareanti.scientific.

I.TheAmericanpeopleshouldbeabletotrustthatonlyimpartiA.scientistswriteguidelines.Weshouldbeconfidentthatthoseexpertsarenotworkingtoadvancecorporateinterestsandthattheydonotespousebeliefsthatarewelloutsidethescientificmainstream.Anavowedcreationistwhoconsultsforafoodlobbyhardlyseemsanappropriatechoicetofulfillthesecriteria.Forthelastseveraldecades，theAHAhaspromotedalow.fathigll.carbohydratedietasacornerstoneofhearthealth.Ithastakenaverypublicpositionthatsaturatedfatsareamajordriverofheartdiseaseriskandthemountingtideofevidencethatthisisdeadwrongmustputitinaveryuncomfortableposition.Andyetafundamentalrequirementofscience--asopposedtopropaganda--isthatwhenevidencethatcontradictsahypothesisisreplicatedoverandoveragain，thathypothesismustbeabandoned.

J.Theideathateatinghighamountsofsaturatedfatcauseshardeningofthearteries—theso.called"diet-hearthypothesis—deservestobeiettisonedalongwithotherdiscreditedbeliefsystems.Creationismcomestomind.WilltheAHAstepuptotheplate?

46.Itisftmthatbloodtriglyeerideswontrisewhenyoueatfat,butgoupwitheatingothersugarandstarches.

47.Theprocessedmeatsareprovedtobeharmfulmoreorlesstoourhearthealth.

48.ManyotherknownriskfactorsforheartdiseasehavebeenoverlookedbytheAHApanel.exceptforsaltandfat.

49.ItdoesnotaimtoquerythereligiousfaithofDr.Eckel，buthiscapabilitytoponderscientifically.

50.Atbest.theideaheldbyAHAthatwemustA.leatlow.fatdietsforoptimA.heartheA.thisacontroversiA.stance，whileatworst，itisdeadwrong.

51.ManyfoodsapprovedbyHeartCheckwouldbeharmfultoourbodyhealth.

52.Ahypothesismustbeiettisonedwhenitclasheswiththeconvincingevidence.

53.Sincethe1970s.ourannuallysugaraccommodationhasrocketedA.ongwiththeoccurrenceofdiabetesandobesity.

54.Theviewthathighintakeofsaturatedfatcouldresultinsclerosisofarteryshouldbediscardedwithotheruntrustfulbeliefs.

55.TheAHAdietaryguidelinesdonotquoteanydietresearchesthatcantelluswhetheraspecificdietcandecreasetheriskofheartdisease.

46.Itisfunthatbloodtriglycerideswontrisewhenyoueatfat.butgoupwitheatingothersugarandstarches.有趣的是，当你食用脂肪时血甘油三酯不会升高，而食用一些糖类或淀粉时就会升高。

47.Theprocessedmeatsareprovedtobeharmfulmoreorlesstoourhearthealth.经预处理的肉多多少少会对我们的心脏健康有负作用。

48.ManyotherknownriskfactorsforheartdiseasehavebeenoverlookedbytheAHApanel，exceptforsaltandfat.很多其他影响心脏健康的危险因素被AHA饮食指南制定小组忽略了，但盐分和脂肪除外。

49.ItdoesnotaimtoquerythereligiousfaithofDr.Eckel.buthiscapabilitytoponderscientifically.这并不是在质疑埃克尔博士的宗教信仰，而是他进行科学化思考的能力。

50.Atbest.theideaheldbyAHAthatwemustalleatlow-fatdietsforoptimalheartheA.thisacontroversialstance，whileatWorst，itisdeadwrong.从最好的一面来看，AHA坚持我们必须采用低脂肪饮食以达到最佳的心脏健康状态的观点是有争议的，然而最坏的就是，它是大错特错的。

51.ManyfoodsapprovedbyHeartCheckwouldbeharmfultoourbodyhealth.心脏检查程序认证通过的许多食物对我们的身体是有害的。

52.Ahypothesismustbejettisonedwhenitclasheswiththeconvincingevidence.当一个假设与令人信服的证据冲突时，它应该果断被摒弃。

53.Sincethe1970s，Ourannuallysugaraccommodationhasrocketedalongwiththeoccurrenceofdiabetesandobesity.自20世纪70年代以来，糖的年供应量随着糖尿病和肥胖症的高发迅速增加。

54.Theviewthathighintakeofsaturatedfatcouldresultinsclerosisofarteryshouldbediscardedwithotheruntrustfulbeliefs.摄入高含量的饱和脂肪会导致动脉硬化的观点应该和其他不可信的观念一同被抛弃。

55.TheAHAdietaryguidelinesdonotquoteanydietresearchesthatCantelluswhetheraspecificdietCandecreasetheriskofheartdisease.AHA的饮食指南并没有引用任何饮食研究，这些研究也并未指出特定的饮食是否可以降低患心脏病的风险。

RobotManagement

A.Robotshavebeenthestuffofsciencefictionforsolongthatitissurprisinglyhardtoseethemasthestuffofmanagementfact.ACzechplaywright,KarelCapek,gavethemtheirnamein1920（fromtheSlavonicwordfor"work"）.AnAmericanwriter,IsaacAsimov,confrontedthemwiththeirmostmemorabledilemmas.

Hollywoodturnedthemintosuperheroesandsupervillains.WhensomefilmcriticsdrewuplistsofHollywoods50greatestgoodguysand50greatestbaddies,theonlycharactertoappearonbothlistswasarobot,theTerminator.

B.Itistimeformanagementthinkerstocatchupwithscience-fictionwriters.Robotshavebeendoingauxiliaryjobsonproductionlinessincethe1960s.Theworldalreadyhasmorethanlmindustrialrobots.Thereisnowanaccelerationin