厦门大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题.docx

厦门大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题.docx

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厦门大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题

厦门大学2007博士研究生入学考试英语试题

PartIReadingComprehension（40points）

PartA（30points）

Directions:

Thereare3readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter．

PassageOne

Questions1~5arebasedonthefollowingpassage：

Forthelongesttime,Icouldn’tgetworkedupaboutprivacy:

myrighttoit；howit’sdying；howwe’reheadedforanevenmorewired，underregulated，overinstrusive，privacy-deprivedplanet．

IshouldalsopointoutthatasnewsdirectorforPathfinder，TimeInc’smegainfomall，andaguywhomakeshislivingontheWeb,Iknowbetterthanmostpeoplethatwe’rehurtlingtowardanevenmoreintrusiveworld.We’reallbeingwatchedbycomputerswheneverwevisitWebsites；bythemereactof“browsing”（itsoundssopassive!

）we’re

goingpublicinawaythatwasunimaginableadecadeago．IknowthisbecauseI’mawatchertoo．WhenpeoplecometomyWebsite，withouteverknowingtheirnames,Icanpeerovertheirshoulders，recordingwhattheylookat,timinghowlongtheystayonaparticularpage，followingthemaroundPathfinder’ssprawlingofferings．

Noneofthiswouldbothermeintheleast，Isuspect，ifafewyearsago，myphone,likeMarley’sghost,hadn’tgivenmeaglimpseofthenightmarestocome．OnThanksgivingweekendin1995,someone（presumablyacriticofabookmywifeandIhadjustwrittenaboutcomputerhackers）forwardedmyhometelephonenumbertoanout-of-stateansweringmachine’whereunsuspectingcallerstryingtoreachmeheardamalevoiceidentifyhimselfasmeandsaysomeextremelyrudethings．Then，withtypicalhackeraplomb,thepranksteraskedpeopletoleavetheirmessages（whichtomysurprisemanyCallers,includingmymother，did）．ThiswentonforseveraldaysuntilmywifeandIfiguredoutthatsomethingwaswrong（“Hey…whyhasn’tthephonerungsinceWednesday?

”）andgotourphoneservicerestored．

Itseemedfunnyatfirst，anditgaveusaswellstorytotellonourbooktour.Buttheinterloperwhoseizedourtelephonelinecontinuedtohitusevenafterthetourended.Andhitusagainandagainforthenextsixmonths：

Thephonecompanyseemedpowerless.Itssecurityfolksmovedustooneunlistednumberafteranother’halfadozentimes．Theyputspecialpincodesinplace．Theyputtracesontheline．Butthetroublemakerkeptbreakingthrough．

Ifourhackerhadbeentrulyevilandomnipotentasonlyfictionalmoviehackersare,therewouldprobablyhavebeenevenworsewayshecouldhavethreatenedmyprivacy.Hecouldhavesabotagedmycreditrating．Hecouldhaveeavesdroppedonmytelephoneconversationsorsiphonedoffmye-mail．Hecouldhavecalledinmymortgage，discontinuedmyhealthinsuranceorobliteratedmySocialSecuritynumber．LikeSandraBullockintheNet,Icouldhavebeenadigitaluntouchable,wanderingtheplanetwithoutaconnectiontotherestofhumanity．（AlthoughifIdidn’thavetopaybackschoolloans，itmightbeworthit．Justathought。

）

Still,Irememberfeelingviolatedatthetimeandaspowerlessasaminnowinaflashflood．Someonewasinvadingmyprivatespace-myfamily’sprivatespace-andtherewasnothingIortheauthoritiescoulddo．ItwasasclosetoatechnologicalepiphanyasIhaveeverbeen．Andas1watchedmypersonaldigitalhellunfold，itstruckmethatourprivacy-mineandyours—hasalreadydisappeared,notinoneBigBrotherlyblitzkriegbutinLittleBrotherlymoments，bitbybit.

Losingcontrolofyourtelephone,ofcourse,istheleastofit.Afterall．mostofusvoluntarilygiveoutourphonenumberandaddresswhenweallowourselvestobelistedintheWhitePages．Mostofusgoalotfurtherthanthat．Weregisterourwhereaboutswhen-everWeputabankcardinanATMmachineordrivethroughanE-ZPasslaneonthehighway．Wesubmittobeingphotographedeveryday-20timesadayonaverageifyouliveorworkinNewYorkCity-bysurveillancecameras．WemakepublicourinterestsandourpurchasinghabitseverytimeweshopbymailorderorvisitacommercialWebsite.

1．Whatinformationdoyoulearnabouttheauthorthatestablisheshimasanauthorityonthistopic?

A．Hehassufferedalotinlosinghisprivacy．

B．HemakeshislivingoffoftheWeb．

C．Heknowshowtomonitorhisaccount．

D.Heandhiswifepublishedabookconcerningcomputerhackers.

2.Whichofthefollowingproblemshastheauthorexperienced?

A.Someonegotinformationfromhismedicalfilesandsenthimbrochuresonhealthproductshemaywanttobuy.

B.Someoneusedthemotor-vehicleregistrationrecordsonhiscartofindhishomeaddress.

C.Someonereroutedhistelephonecallstoanothernumberwithouthisknowledge.

D.Someonesentane-mailmessagethatdestroyedthefilesonhiscomputer.

3.Accordingtothepassage,thehackersinthemoviewouldconductfollowingthingEXCEPT

A.eavesdropping

B.darnagingaSocialSecuritynumber

C.threateninginaflashflood

D.makingapersoninformationdisappearinthedatebase.

4.Thewritercitedhisexperiencetoshowthat__

A.theauthorizedorganizationcouldsolvetheproblembyofferingtimelyhelp

B.theinterloperwouldbekeptbacksoonerorlater

C.thegovernmenttookpersonalprivacybitbybit

D.hewouldlosehisprivacygradually

5.Becauseofadvancesintoday’stechnology,therighttoprivacycouldbecomprormisedinthefollowingareasEXCEPT__

A.purchasing

B.baning

C.telephoneuse

D.recruitment

PassageTwo

Questions6~10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Hello,mynameisRichardandIamanegosurfer.Thehabitbeganaboutfiveyearsago,andnowIneedhelp.Likemostjournalists,Ican’tdenythatoneofmyprivatejoysisseeingmybylineinprint.Nowtheinternetisallowingmetofeedthisvanitytoanevergreaterextent,andtheoccasionalsneakywebsearchhasgrownintoafull-blownobsessionwithhowhighupGoogle’srankingmyarticlesappearwhenIputmynameintothesearchbox.WhenIlastlooked,mybesteffortwasaratherhumiliating47thplace.Youknowyouhaveaproblemwhenyoufindyourselfcompetingforrankingwitharetiredbasketballplayerfromthe1970s.

NotthatI’maloneinsufferingfromadysfunctionaltechno-habit.Newtechnologieshaverevealedawholeraftofhithertounsuspectedpersonalityproblems.,thinkcrackberry,powerpointlessnessorcheesepodding.Mostofusarefamiliarwithsendingane-mailtoacolleaguesittingacoupleoffeetawayinsteadoftalkingtothem.Somegoontothewebtosnooponoldfriends,colleaguesorevenfirstdates.MoreofusthaneverrevealhighlypersonalinformationonblogsorMySpaceentries.Afewwillevenuseinternetanonymitytofoolothersintobelievingtheyaresomeoneelsealtogether.Soarethesewebsyndromesandtechnologicalticsnewversionsofoldafflictions,orarewedevelopingfreshmindbugs?

Developingabadhabitiseasierthanmanymightthink.“Youcanbecomeaddictedtopotentiallyanythingyoudo,”saysMarkGriffiths,anaddictionresearcheratNottinghamTrentUniversityintheUK,“becauseaddictionsrelyonconstantrewards.”Indeed,althoughdefinitionsofaddictionvary,thereisabodyofevidencethatsuggestsdrugaddictionsandnon-drughabitssharethesameneuralpathways.Whileonlyahardcorefewcanbeconsideredtruetechnologyaddicts,anentirelyunscientificsurveyoftheweb,andofNewScientiststaff,hasrevealedhowprevalenttechno-addictionsmayhavebecome.

Thewebinparticularhasopenedupahostofopportunitiesforoverindulgence.TakeWikipedia.Updatingtheentries-somethinganyonecando-hasbecomealmostawayoflifeforsome.Therearemorethan2,400“Wikipedians”,whohaveeditedmorethan4,000pageseach.“It’sclearlylikecrackforsomepeople,”saysDanCloselyatCornellUniversityinNewYork,whohasstudiedhowwebsitessuchasWikipediafosteracommunity.TocommittedWikipedians,hesays,thesiteismorethanausefulinformationresource;it’stheembodimentofanideologyoffreeinformationforall.

ThentherearephotologsiteslikeFlickr.Whilemostofuswouldratherdiethanbecaughtsurreptitiouslybrowsingthroughsomeoneelse’sphotos,thereneedbenosuchqualmsabouttheprivatepicspeopleputuponthesesites.MostpeopleusingFlickrandsimilarsitesspenttimeeachdaybrowsingalbumsownedbypeopletheyhadnevermet.Theydothisforemotionalkicks.KhalidandDixsuggest:

flickingthroughsomeoneelse’sweddingphotos,forexample,allowspeopletodaydreamabouttheirownnuptials.

E-mailisanotherareawherethingscangetoutofhand.Whilee-mailhasledtoarevivalofthehabitofpenningshortnotestofriendsandacquaintances,theeasewithwhichwecandothismeansthatwedon’talwaysthinkhardenoughaboutwhereourcasualcommentscouldendup.ThiswastheundoingofUSbroadcasterKeithOlbermann,whoearlierthisyearsentaprivatee-mailinwhichhedescribedafellowMSNBCreporteras“dumberthanasuitcaseofrocks”.UnfortunatelyforOlbermann,thewordsfoundtheirwayintotheNewYorkDailyNews.

PamBriggs,aspecialistinhuman-computerinteractionattheUniversityofNorthumbria,UK,saysthelackofcuessuchasfacialexpressionsorbodylanguagewhencommunicatingelectronicallycanleadustoovercompensateinwhatwesay.“Themediumissothin,there’slittleroomforprojectingourselvesintoit,”saysBriggs.“Whenallthesocialcuesdisappear,wefeelwehavetoputsomethingelseintothevoid,whichisoftenanoveremotionalorover-intimatemessage.”

Thehabitofforwardingjokeye-mailsorYouTubevideos-thinkDietCokeandMentosfountams-canalsosayalotabou