职称英语考试理工类B级试题及答案.docx
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职称英语考试理工类B级试题及答案
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第1部分:
词汇选项(第1-15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1、Shecameacrossthreechildrensleepingunderabridge.
ApassedbyBtookanoticeof
CwokeupDfoundbychance
答案:
D
职业培训教育网名师解析:
comeacross是固定搭配,意思是“偶遇,碰巧发现”,因此选择D选项。
passby“路过”,takeanoticeof“注意到”,wakeup“醒来”。
2、Itseemedincrediblethathehadbeenthereaweekalready.
ArightBobviousCunbelievableDunclear
答案:
C
职业培训教育网名师解析:
incredible意为“难以置信的”,与unbelievable同义。
obvious“明显的”,unclear“不明的”。
3、Hewastemptedbythehighsalaryofferedbythecompany.
AattractedBtaughtCkeptDchanged
答案:
A
职业培训教育网名师解析:
tempt“吸引,诱惑”,此处为被动态,句子意思为:
他被这家公司开出的高额薪水吸引了。
A选项符合句义。
4、Shegetsaggressivewhensheisdrunk.
AworriedBoffensiveCsleepyDanxious
答案:
B
职业培训教育网名师解析:
aggressive意为“好斗的,富于攻击性的”,与offensive相近,如:
Mentendtobemoreaggressivethanwomen.男性往往比女性更具有攻击性。
Knivesofanysortareclassedasoffensiveweapons.任何刀具都属于攻击性武器。
worried“拘心的”,sleepy“困倦的”,anxious“焦急的”。
5、Ihavelittleinformationasregardsherfitnessforthepost.
AatBwithCaboutDfrom
答案:
C
职业培训教育网名师解析:
asregards是固定搭配,意思是“关于”,如:
Thereisnoproblemasregardsthefinancialarrangements.资金筹备方面毫无问题。
6、Theseanimalsmigratesouthannuallyinsearchoffood.
AexploreBinhabitCpreferDtravel
答案:
D
职业培训教育网名师解析:
migrate的意思是“迁徙”,travel除了常见的“旅行”意思外,还有“行进”的意思,如:
Supersonicplanescantravelfasterthanthespeedofsound.超音速飞机的速度比音速快。
在这里可作同义替换。
explore“探索”,inhabit“柄息,居住”,prefer“更喜欢”。
7、Therewassomethingpeculiarinthewayhesmiles.
AdifferentBwrongCstrangeDfunny
答案:
C
10、Hepaused,waitingforhertodigesttheinformation.
AwithholdBexchangeCunderstandDcontact
答案:
C
职业培训教育网名师解析:
digest本义是“消化”,可转义为“理解(知识、信息)”,在句中可与understand互换。
withhold“保留,隐瞒”;exchange“交换”;contact“联系”。
11、Therulesaretoorigidtoallowforhumanerror.
AgeneralBinflexibleCcomplexDdirect
答案:
B
职业培训教育网名师解析:
rigid“僵硬的,固定的,顽间的”,与inflexible同义。
12、Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.
AsendBhearCconfirmDspread
答案:
D
职业培训教育网名师解析:
circulate做不及物动同,意思是“传播,流通”,如:
Weshouldoftenopenthewin-dowstoallowtheairtocirculate.我们应当经常打开窗户以使空气流通。
句子的意思是:
关于他的财政问题的流言开始传开。
13、Comeout,orI'llbustthedoordown.
AbreakBshutCsetDbeat
答案:
A
职业培训教育网名师解析:
bust“使爆裂”,句子的意思是:
快点,不然我就破门而入了。
这里与break同义。
14、Thepolicewillneedtokeepawaryeyeonthisareaoftown.
AnakedBblindCcautiousDprivate
答案:
C
职业培训教育网名师解析:
wary“谨慎的,机警的”,与cautious同义。
naked“裸体的”,blind“盲的”,private“私人的”。
15、Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswillexpiresoon.
AshortenBstartCendDresume
答案:
C
职业培训教育网名师解析:
expire“期满,终止”。
resume是“重新开始”。
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
WideWorldofRobots
Engineerswhobuildandprogramrobotshavefascinatingjobs.Theseresearcherstinker(修补)withmachinesinthelabandwritecomputersoftwaretocontrolthesedevices.“They’rethebesttoysoutthere,”saysHowieChosetatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.Chosetisaroboticist,apersonwhodesigns,buildsorprogramsrobots.
WhenChosetwasakid,hewasinterestedinanythingthatmoved—cars,trains,animals.HeputmotorsonTinkertoycarstomakethemmove.Later,inhighschool,hebuiltmobilerobotssimilartosmallcars.
Hopingtocontinueworkingonrobots,hestudiedcomputerscienceincollege.ButwhenhegottograduateschoolattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,Choset’slabmateswereworkingonsomethingevencoolerthanremotelycontrolledcars:
roboticsnakes.Somerobotscanmoveonlyforward,backward,leftandright.Butsnakescantwist(扭曲)inmanydirectionsandtraveloveralotofdifferenttypesofterrain(地形).“Snakesarefarmoreinterestingthanthecars,”Chosetconcluded.
AfterhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon,Chosetandhiscolleaguestherebegandevelopingtheirownsnakerobots.Choset’steamprogrammedrobotstoperformthesamemovementsasrealsnakes,suchasslidingandinchingforward.Therobotsaisomovedinwaysthatsnakesusuallydon't,suchasroiling.Choset’ssnakerobotscouldcrawl(爬行)throughthegrass,swiminapondandevenclimbaflagpole.
ButChosetwonderedifhissnakesmightbeusefulformedicineaswell.Forsomeheartsurgeries,thedoctorhastoopenapatient’schest,cuttingthroughthebreastbone.Recoveringfromthesesurgeriescanbeverypainful.Whatifthedoctorcouldperformtheoperationbyinsteadmakingasmallholeinthebodyandsendinginathinroboticsnake?
ChosetteamedupwithMarcoZenati,aheartsurgeonnowatHarvardMedicalSchool,toinvestigatetheidea.Zenatipracticedusingtherobotonaplasticmodelofthechestandthentestedtherobotinpigs.
AcompanycalledMedroboticsinBostonisnowadaptingthetechnologyforsurgeriesonpeople.
Evenafter15yearsofworkingwithhisteam'screations,“Istilldon'tgetboredofwatchingthemotionofmyrobots,"Chosetsays.
16Chosetbegantobuildrobotsinhighschool.
ARight BWrong CNotmentioned
17Snakerobotscouldmoveinonlyfourdirections.
ARight BWrong CNotmentioned
18Chosetdidn’tbegindevelopinghisownsnakerobotsuntilhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon,
ARight BWrong CNotmentioned
19Choset’ssnakerobotscouldmakemoremovementsthantheonesothersdeveloped.
ARight BWrong CNotmentioned
20Theapplicationofathinroboticsnakemakesheartsurgeriesiesstime-consuming.
ARight BWrong CNotmentioned
21Zenatitestedtherobotonpeopleafterusingitinpigs.
ARight BWrong CNotmentioned
21、B第六段、第七段只提到Zcnati在塑料制的外胸模型上练习使用机器蛇,然后再将机器蛇用于猪身上进行测试,但并没有在这之后又用于人测试,而是一个位于波士顿名叫Medro-botics的公司把这项技术用于人的手术,所以题干中提到的Zenati把机器蛇用在人身上进行测试与文章本意不符。
答案为B.
22、C第七段只是提到Medrobotics公司目前把这项技术应用到人类手术中,但并没有提到因此给公司带来高额利润,所以题干中提到的信息在文中没有显示。
答案为C.
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题;
(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
BlackHoles
1Blackholescanbebestdescribedasasortofvacuum,suckingupeverythinginspace.Scientistshavediscoveredthatblackholescomefromanexplosionofhugestars.Starsthatareneardeathcannolongerburnduetolossoffuel,andbecauseitstemperaturecannolongercontrolthegravitational(重力的)force,hydrogenendsupputtingpressureontothestar’ssurfaceuntilitsuddenlyexplodesthencollapses.
2Blackholescomefromstarsthataremadeofhydrogen,othergasesandafewmetals.Whentheseexplodeitcanturnintoastellar-mass(恒星质量)blackhole,whichcanonlyoccurifthestarislargeenough(shouldbebiggerthanthesun)fortheexplosiontobreakitintopieces,andthegravitystartstocompacteverypieceintothetiniestparticle.Trytoseeandcompare;ifastarthat’stentimesthesizeofthesunendsupbeingablackholethat’snolongerthan70kilometers,thentheEarthwouldbecomeablackholethat'sonlyafractionofaninch!
3Objectsthatgetsuckedinablackholewillalwaysremainthere,nevertobreakfree.Butrememberthatblackholescanonlygobbleup(吞噬)objectswithinaspecificdistancetoit.It’spossibleforalargestarnearthesuntobecomeablackhole,butthesunwillcontinuetostayinplace.Orbits(轨道)donotchangebecausethenewlyformedblackholecontainsexactlythesameamountofmassaswhenitwasastar,onlythistimeitsmassistotallycontractedthatitcanendupasnobiggerthanastate.
4Sofar,astronomershavefiguredoutthatblackholesexistbecauseofAlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.Intheend,throughnumerousstudies,theyhavediscoveredthatblackholestrulyexist.Sinceblackholestraplightanddonotgiveofflight,itisnearlyImpossibletodetectblackholesviaatelescope.Butastronomerscontinuetostudygalaxies(银河系),spaceandthesolarsystemtounderstandhowblackholesmightevolve.Itispossiblethatblackholescanexistformillionsofyears,andlatercontributetoabiggerprocessingalaxies,whichcaneventuallyleadtocreationofnewentities(实体).Scientistsalsocreditblackholesashelpfulinlearninghowgalaxiesbegantoform.
23、Paragraph1
24、Paragraph2
25、Paragraph3
26、Paragraph4
AHowareblackholesformed?
BWhatareblackholesmadeof?
CHowwereblackholesnamed?
DWhataredifferenttypesofblackholes?
EIsthereproofthatblackholesreallyexist?
FWhathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackhole?
27、Blackholesareformedafter .
28、Whenalargestarexplodes,thegravitycompactseverypieceinto .
29、Anewlyformedblackholeandthestaritcomesfromareof .
30、AlbertEinstein'stheoryofrelativityhelpstoprove .
Athetiniestparticle
Bafractionofaninch
Cthesameamountofmass
Danexplosionofhugestars
Ethecreationofnewentities
27、D第一段第二句话,"Scientistshavediscoveredthatblackholescomefromanexplosionofhugestars",意思是"科学家已经发现黑洞来自于巨大恒星的爆炸",所以答案是D,"巨大恒星的爆炸"。
28、A第二段第二句话,"Whentheseexplodeitcanturnintoastellar-mass(恒星质量)blackhole,whichcanonlyoccurifthestarislargeenough(shouldbebiggerthanthesun)fortheexplosiontobreakitintopieces,andthegravitystartstocompacteverypieceintothetiniestparticle",意思是"只有在星体足够大时,爆炸后才能变成恒星质量的黑洞,因为爆炸使它们变成片状,然后重力开始将每一片压成最薄的粒子"。
所以答案是A,"最薄的粒子"。
29、C第三段第四句,"Orbits(轨道)donotchangebecausethenewlyformedblackholecontainsexactlythesameamountofmassaswhenitwasastar",