大学英语语法14宾语从句和同位语从句.ppt
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CollegeEnglishGrammar:
CollegeEnglishGrammar:
GrammarandWritingByZhuXiangjunUnit14ObjectclauseandappositiveclausesGrammar:
1)Objectclause2)AppositiveclausesWriting:
Correcting:
MixedConstructionMixedConstructionRewriting:
VarietyinsentencelengthVarietyinsentencelength1.Objectclauses1.ObjectclausesWhenanounclausefunctionsasanobject,itiscalledWhenanounclausefunctionsasanobject,itiscalledananobjectclauseobjectclause.Objectclausesusuallybeginwithsubordinating.Objectclausesusuallybeginwithsubordinatingwordslikewordslikehow,why,what,where,when,who,which,whose,how,why,what,where,when,who,which,whose,whether,if,that,whether,if,that,etc.Nocommaisneededwhentheobjectetc.Nocommaisneededwhentheobjectclausesareusedinthecomplexsentences.clausesareusedinthecomplexsentences.WhywashewantedbythepoliceWhywashewantedbythepolice?
Danielwonderedthereason.Danielwonderedthereason.DanielwonderedDanielwonderedwhyhewaswantedbythepolice.whyhewaswantedbythepolice.Hasanydecisionbeenmade?
Hasanydecisionbeenmade?
Doyouknowthequestion?
Doyouknowthequestion?
DoyouknowDoyouknowwhether/ifanydecisionhasbeenmadewhether/ifanydecisionhasbeenmade?
Heishonest.Heishonest.Noonedoubtsit.Noonedoubtsit.NoonedoubtsNoonedoubtsthatheishonestthatheishonest.NounclausesthatfunctionasobjectsofNounclausesthatfunctionasobjectsofprepositionsarenamedobjectclausestoo.prepositionsarenamedobjectclausestoo.Canwesucceed?
Canwesucceed?
Thequestiondependsonthis.Thequestiondependsonthis.Howwelldowecooperate?
Howwelldowecooperate?
WhetherwecansucceeddependsWhetherwecansucceeddependsononhowwellwehowwellwecooperatecooperateShewalkeduptotheplace.Shewalkeduptotheplace.Istoodattheplace.Istoodattheplace.ShewalkedShewalkeduptouptowhereIstood.whereIstood.1.Aslongasthemainclausesverbisinneitherthepast1.Aslongasthemainclausesverbisinneitherthepastnorthepastperfecttense,theverbofthesubordinatenorthepastperfecttense,theverbofthesubordinateclausecanbeinanytensethatconveysmeaningclausecanbeinanytensethatconveysmeaningaccurately.accurately.BothofthemwillknowBothofthemwillknowthattheyhavemadearightthattheyhavemadearightchoice.choice.TheteachertellsusTheteachertellsuswhenwewillpayavisittoMr.whenwewillpayavisittoMr.Jackson.Jackson.2.Ifthemainverbofasentenceis2.Ifthemainverbofasentenceisinthepastorpastinthepastorpastperfect,perfect,thenverbsthenverbsinthesubordinateclauseinthesubordinateclausemustalsomustalsoexpressapastviewpoint.expressapastviewpoint.SheaskedmeSheaskedmewhereIwasofftowhereIwasoffto.IwonderedIwonderedhowhecouldmakesuchrapidprogressinhowhecouldmakesuchrapidprogressinhisstudyofFrench.hisstudyofFrench.3.Ifthesubordinateclauseexpresseswhatiscommonlyknown3.Ifthesubordinateclauseexpresseswhatiscommonlyknownasaasageneraltruthorfact,generaltruthorfact,simplepresenttenseisusedevensimplepresenttenseisusedeventhoughthoughthemainverbofasentenceisthemainverbofasentenceisinthepastorpastinthepastorpastperfect:
perfect:
ColumbussomehowknewColumbussomehowknewthattheworldthattheworldisisround.round.TheteachertoldthestudentsTheteachertoldthestudentswhythecomputerwhythecomputerisisawonderfulawonderfulmachine.machine.4.Ifthereisaspecificpasttimeintheclause,pasttenseisused4.Ifthereisaspecificpasttimeintheclause,pasttenseisusedeventhoughtheactionoftheobjectclauseoccursbeforetheeventhoughtheactionoftheobjectclauseoccursbeforetheactionofthemainclause.actionofthemainclause.ShetoldherstudentsShetoldherstudentsthattheEnglishChannelthattheEnglishChannelwaswasofficiallyofficiallyopenedopenedonMarch7,1994.onMarch7,1994.NooneknowsNooneknowshowtheHousesofParliamenthowtheHousesofParliamentwasburnedwasburneddownin1834.downin1834.IneverydayEnglish,especiallyspokenEnglish,theIneverydayEnglish,especiallyspokenEnglish,thewordwordthatthatisusuallyomitted.But,thesubordinatingisusuallyomitted.But,thesubordinatingwordwordthatthatcannotbeomittedinthefollowingcases:
cannotbeomittedinthefollowingcases:
1)whentherearetwoormoreobjectclause;1)whentherearetwoormoreobjectclause;HesaidHesaidthatthathecouldnttellyourightawayhecouldnttellyourightawayandandthatthatyouyouwouldntunderstand.wouldntunderstand.2)whenthereisaparenthesisbetweenthepredicate2)whenthereisaparenthesisbetweenthepredicateverbofthemainclauseandtheobjectclause;verbofthemainclauseandtheobjectclause;JustthenInoticedJust