医学词汇构词法.ppt

医学词汇构词法.ppt

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oByWangLanyingoForeignLanguageDepartmentI.Target1.Masteringmedicallanguage:

vocabularyanddiscourselevellearning2.Practicalapplicationofmedicalcommunication:

speakingandwritingwithMLI.Target3.NurturethesenseofstylisticresearchII.Methodology1.Acquiretheknowledgeofwordformation2.Understandthemedicallanguagetraitsthroughreading3.Observeandsummarizethestylisticfeatures4.ActiveandenergeticlearningundertheteachersguideIII.CourseArrangement1.72Teachingperiods,4/week2.EightUnitsthisterm3.Requiredcourseandexam4.Termachievements:

basedonassignments,quiz,classresponse,andfinalexamdynamicallyDavi-EllenChambersays:

Studyingmedicalwordsisverysimilartolearninganewlanguage.ThewordsatfirstsoundstrangeandcomplicatedalthoughtheymaystandforcommonlyknownEnglishterms.Thewordsgastralgia,meaning“stomachache”,andophthalmologist,meaningeyedoctor,areexamples.Themedicallanguageisfascinatinglylogicalinthateachterm,complexorsimple,canbebrokendownintoitsbasiccomponentpartsandthenunderstood.Whatismedicallanguage?

Mostmedicalwordsaremadefromacombinationofthefollowingelements:

thepartofthewordthatweshallcallthebase（root/stem）becauseitcontainsthemostfundamentalmeaningofthatword,prefixesandsuffixes,andvowels（o/a）thatjoinalltheseparts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis（45letters）Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的Itdevelopsonlyafteryearsofexposuretolowlevelsofsilicadust.医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptomsincludehyperventilation,coughing,dysphonia（发声困难）,anorexia（厌食）,chestpainandincreasedsusceptibilitytotuberculosisThreemajorobjectivestokeepinmindasyoustudymedicalterminology.1.Toanalyzewordsstructurally.Learntodividewordsintobasicelementssuchasroots,suffixes,prefixes,combiningvowels,andcombiningforms.gastr/o/enter/o/logyrootrootsuffixCombiningformElectr/o/cardi/o/gramrootrootrootrootrootrootcombiningvowelcombiningvowelcombiningvowelcombiningvowelcombiningvowelcombiningvowel心电图2.Tocorrelateanunderstandingofwordelementswiththebasicanatomy,physiology,anddiseaseprocessesofthehumanbody.Suchashemat/o/logymeansthestudyoftheblood.3.Tobecontinuallyawareofspellingandpronunciationproblems.Hepatoma:

tumoroftheliver肝细胞瘤Hematoma:

bloodtumor血肿OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy:

processofcuttingupgastrectomy:

removalofthestomacharthrotomy:

incisionofajointleukemiaanemiaerythremiaLeukocytosis白细胞增多Necrosis坏死Erythrocytosis红细胞增多TheRolesofPronunciationMedicalTerminologyoSystemsoOrgansoTissuesoCellsEndocrinesyst.Reproductivesyst.MasteryofMedicalWordsOrgansTissuesCellsDistributionofvocabularyinmedicalliteratureEssentialvoc.Popularsciencevoc.MedicaltermsThe2ndcategory（15%）:

hepatitis,appendicitis,encephalopathy,immunodeficiencysyndromeThe3rdcategory（15%）:

distill,dilute,dissolve,filtration,magnetization,dynamics,meteorology,pigmentationThe1stcategory70%:

comment,investigate,studyDistributionofvocabularyCombiningformsprefixessuffixescyt/o:

cellderm/o:

skinbi/o:

lifeaden/o:

glandarthr/o:

jointnephr/o:

kidneyhepat/o:

liverleuk/o:

whiteoste/o:

boneepi-:

abovemulti-:

manypoly-:

manyex-:

outendo-:

insidetrans-:

acrosshyper-:

excessivehypo-:

deficient-emia:

bloodcondition-ectomy:

excision-gram:

record-cyte:

cell-scope:

instrumentforvisuallyexam-itis:

inflammation-ist:

personspecializedin-logy:

processofstudy-oma:

tumor-osis:

abnormalcondition-tomy:

cuttingHowtoimproveyourwordpoweroI.ConversionoII.derivativeIII.Compoundingopportunist条件致病菌physiology/-ist/-gicoasymptomaticoantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis放射免疫电泳（后缀）透入I.Conversionhost大批、许多、东道主、主持人、宿主sympatheticblock交感神经阻滞术sympatheticnerve交感神经cell隐士的小屋，巢室，电池，小修道院capsule小盒子，航天舱，胶囊药,被膜oreservoir贮主（zhu）otoprotecttracheafromcollapsingotheuncompromisedhostospaceoccupyinglesionoopportunisticinfectionoTargettherapyII.DerivativeAtypicalAsymptomaticAntivirusAntigenAntibodyIntercostalIntercellulartricuspidMuscularPhysiological/physiologicallyMicroscopic/microscopicallyImmunoreactivityImmunoreactantImmunologictoleranceimmunomodulationoPrefix:

oir-oil-oim-omis-oirregularityoirresistableoillegal,oilliterateoimmatureoimmobileoimmodestoimmoralityomisbehavioromisleadomisfortuneomisunderstandoPrefixoDis/dys-dishonestodysphoniaodisorderodyspneaodiseaseoin-inexperiencedoinsufficiencyoinadequateoinactivatedonone-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstresstestnonulcerdyspepsianonspecificimmunitynonsensemutationnonselfo非抽烟者o非电解质o无应激实验o非溃疡性消化不良o非特异性免疫o无义突变o非自我的oun-unconditionedreflex非条件反射undifferentiatedcellleukemia未分化细胞白血病unresolvedpneumonia未吸收肺炎unsaturatedfattyacid不饱和脂肪酸unstableangina不稳定型心绞痛oSuffix:

n.orelianceoresistanceexistenceocoldnessconsciousnessodecisionocollisionoinclusionotreatmentoencouragementoAdj.generouscontinuousmiscell