医学词汇构词法.ppt

1、o By Wang Lanyingo Foreign Language DepartmentI.Target1.Mastering medical language:vocabulary and discourse level learning2.Practical application of medical communication:speaking and writing with MLI.Target3.Nurture the sense of stylistic researchII.Methodology 1.Acquire the knowledge of word forma

2、tion2.Understand the medical language traits through reading3.Observe and summarize the stylistic features4.Active and energetic learning under the teachers guideIII.Course Arrangement1.72 Teaching periods,4/week2.Eight Units this term3.Required course and exam4.Term achievements:based on assignment

3、s,quiz,class response,and final exam dynamically Davi-Ellen Chamber says:Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language.The words at first sound strange and complicated although they may stand for commonly known English terms.The words gastralgia,meaning“stomach ache”,and ophthalm

4、ologist,meaning eye doctor,are examples.The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term,complex or simple,can be broken down into its basic component parts and then understood.What is medical language?Most medical words are made from a combination of the following elements:the part o

5、f the word that we shall call the base(root/stem)because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word,prefixes and suffixes,and vowels(o/a)that join all these parts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45 letters)Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的It d

6、evelops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust.医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptoms include hyperventilation,coughing,dysphonia(发声困难),anorexia(厌食),chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis Three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology.1.To analyze words stru

7、cturally.Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots,suffixes,prefixes,combining vowels,and combining forms.gastr /o/enter/o/logyrootrootsuffixCombining formElectr/o/cardi/o/gramrootrootrootrootrootrootcombining vowelcombining vowelcombining vowelcombining vowelcombining vowelcombining v

8、owel心电图2.To correlate an understanding of word elements with the basic anatomy,physiology,and disease processes of the human body.Such as hemat/o/logy means the study of the blood.3.To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems.Hepatoma:tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤Hematoma:blood tumor 血肿

9、OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy:process of cutting upgastrectomy:removal of the stomacharthrotomy:incision of a jointleukemia anemia erythremia Leukocytosis 白细胞增多Necrosis 坏死Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多The Roles of PronunciationMedical T

10、erminologyoSystemsoOrgansoTissuesoCellsEndocrine syst.Reproductive syst.Mastery of Medical WordsOrgansTissuesCellsDistribution of vocabulary in medical literatureEssential voc.Popular science voc.Medical termsThe 2nd category(15%):hepatitis,appendicitis,encephalopathy,immunodeficiency syndromeThe 3r

11、d category(15%):distill,dilute,dissolve,filtration,magnetization,dynamics,meteorology,pigmentation The 1st category 70%:comment,investigate,studyDistribution of vocabularyCombining formsprefixessuffixescyt/o :cellderm/o :skinbi/o :lifeaden/o :glandarthr/o:jointnephr/o :kidneyhepat/o:liverleuk/o :whi

12、teoste/o:boneepi-:abovemulti-:manypoly-:manyex-:outendo-:insidetrans-:acrosshyper-:excessivehypo-:deficient-emia :blood condition-ectomy:excision-gram:record-cyte:cell-scope:instrument for visually exam-itis:inflammation-ist:person specialized in-logy:process of study-oma:tumor-osis:abnormal conditi

13、on-tomy:cuttingHow to improve your word poweroI.ConversionoII.derivativeIII.Compoundingopportunist 条件致病菌physiology/-ist/-gicoasymptomaticoantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis 放射免疫电泳（后缀）透入I.Conversionhost 大批、许多、东道主、主持人、宿主sympathetic block交感神经阻滞术sympathetic nerve交感神经cell 隐士的小屋，巢室，电池，小修道院 capsule 小盒子，航天

14、舱，胶囊药,被膜oreservoir 贮主(zhu)oto protect trachea from collapsing othe uncompromised host ospace occupying lesionoopportunistic infection oTarget therapyII.DerivativeAtypical AsymptomaticAntivirusAntigenAntibodyIntercostalIntercellulartricuspid MuscularPhysiological/physiologicallyMicroscopic/microscopi

15、callyImmunoreactivityImmunoreactantImmunologic toleranceimmunomodulationo Prefix:oir-oil-oim-omis-oirregularityo irresistableoillegal,oilliterateoimmature oimmobileoimmodestoimmoralityomisbehavioromisleadomisfortuneomisunderstand oPrefixoDis/dys-dishonesto dysphoniao disordero dyspneao diseaseoin-in

16、experiencedo insufficiencyo inadequateo inactivatedonone-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstress testnonulcer dyspepsianonspecific immunitynonsense mutationnonselfo非抽烟者o非电解质o无应激实验o非溃疡性消化不良o非特异性免疫o无义突变o非自我的oun-unconditioned reflex 非条件反射undifferentiated cell leukemia 未分化细胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸unstable angina 不稳定型心绞痛 oSuffix:n.oreliance oresistance existence ocoldness consciousnesso decision ocollisiono inclusionotreatmentoencouragementoAdj.generous continuous miscell