免费高考英语考点解析推理判断类的阅读理解题.docx
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免费高考英语考点解析推理判断类的阅读理解题
高考英语考点解析:
推理判断类的阅读理解题
在做推理判断类阅读理解题时,推理判断涉及的范围很广,主要包括细节推断、预测推断、对文章来源或读者对象的推断、写作意图推断以及态度倾向推断和评述性推断等。
重点一细节推断
细节推断要求考生根据语篇内容,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。
考生一般可根据短文提供的信息或者生活常识,进行推理判断。
考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解文章的真正含义,才能作出准确的推断。
题干中主要会出现下列动词:
infer,indicate,imply,suggest,conclude,assume。
主要设题形式:
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat______.
Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat______.
Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_______.
Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe_______.
Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystatesthat______.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?
Thewritertalkedabout...becausehe/shethought______.
Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers?
Kenya
KenyaisthedestinationforthoseseekinganAfricanexperience.Ithaseverythingyoumightwanttodo.GenerallyvolunteersinKenyaworkinorphanages(孤儿院)orwithlocalchildrenlivinginslums(贫民窟).ThereisagreatdemandforvolunteersinAfricabecausemanypeopleliveinpoverty,soifyoutrulyfeellikemakingadifferencetoacommunity,thenKenyashouldbeatthetopofyourlist.
…
1tcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatvolunteersinKenyamainlyworkwith_.
A.animalsB.plantsC.childrenD.theelderly
解析:
C。
推理判断题。
根据Kenya下面的一段中的信息可知,在肯尼亚的志愿者,通常是在孤儿院工作或者是照顾那些生活在贫民窟的孩子。
Ittakesconfidencetobeakid.Whethergoingtoanewschoolorsteppinguptobatforthefirsttime,kidsfacealotofunchartedterritory.
Naturally,parentswanttoinstillacan-doattitudeintheirkidssothatthey'llbravelytakeonnewchallengesand,overtime,believeinthemselves.Whileeachchildisalittledifferent,parentscanfollowsomegeneralguidelinestobuildkids'confidence.
Self-confidencerisesoutofasenseofcompetence.Inotherwords,kidsdevelopconfidencenotbecauseparentstellthemthey'regreat,butbecauseoftheirachievements,bigandsmall.Sure,it'sgoodtohearencouragingwordsfrommomanddad.Butwordsofpraisemeanmorewhentheyrefertoachild'sspecificeffortsornewabilities.
Whenkidsachievesomething,whetherit'sbrushingtheirownteethorridingabike,theygetasenseofthemselvesasableandcapable,andtapintothathigh-octanefuelofconfidence.
Buildingself-confidencecanbeginveryearly.Whenbabieslearntoturnthepagesofabookortoddlerslearntowalk,theyaregettingtheidea"Icandoit!
"Witheachnewskillandmilestone,kidscandevelopincreasingconfidence.
Parentscanhelpbygivingkidslotsofopportunitiestopracticeandmastertheirskills,lettingkidsmakemistakesandbeingtheretoboosttheirspiritssotheykeeptrying.Respondwithinterestandexcitementwhenkidsshowoffanewskill,andrewardthemwithpraisewhentheyachieveagoalormakeagoodeffort.
Withplentifulopportunities,goodinstruction,andlotsofpatiencefromparents,kidscanmasterbasicskills—liketyingtheirshoesandmakingthebed.Then,whenotherimportantchallengespresentthemselves,kidscanapproachthemknowingthattheyhavealreadybeensuccessfulinotherareas.
…
1.Whatshouldparentsdotoincreasekids’confidence?
A.Providemorechancestoshowtheirtalent.
B.Encouragekidstotrysomedifficulttasks.
C.Offerkidssomeadvicewhenitisnecessary.
D.Praisekidsforovercomingdifficultiestheymeet.
2.Kidscanfacenewchallengesbravelybecause______.
A.theyknowtheywillgethelpfromtheirparents
B.theyareeagertoexplorenewthingsaroundthem
C.theyhavemasteredskillstoovercomedifficulties
D.theirteachershavetaughtthemtobelieveinthemselves
解析:
1.A。
推理判断题。
根据第6段的内容可知,家长应多为孩子提供锻炼的机会,这样可以帮助孩子增强自信心。
2.C。
推理判断题。
根据第7段的内容可知,一旦孩子们有了自信心,当他们遇到挑战时,他们就可以从容应对,因为他们知道他们在其他方面有成功的经验,故C项正确。
重点二对文章来源或读者对象的推断
推断文章的来源或者读者对象要求考生具备一定的常识。
因此,考生本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解,这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出最佳答案。
主要设题形式:
Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_____.
Inwhichofthefollowingpublicationswouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?
Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof_____.
Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?
Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?
Thebabyisjustonedayoldandhasnotyetlefthospital.Sheisquietbutalert(警觉).Twentycentimetersfromherfaceresearchershaveplacedawhitecardwithtwoblackspotsonit.Shestaresatitcarefully.Aresearcherremovesthecardandreplacesitbyanother,thistimewiththespotsdifferentlyspaced.Asthecardschangefromonetotheother,hergaze(凝视)startstoloseitsfocus—untilathird,withthreeblackspots,ispresented.Hergazereturns:
shelooksatitfortwiceaslongasshedidatthepreviouscard.Canshetellthatthenumbertwoisdifferentfromthree,just24hoursaftercomingintotheworld?
Ordonewbornssimplyprefermoretofewer?
Thesameexperiment,butwiththreespotsshownbeforetwo,showsthesamereturnofinterestwhenthenumberofspotschanges.Perhapsitisjustthenewness?
Whenslightlyolderbabieswereshowncardswithpicturesofobjects(acomb,akey,anorangeandsoon),changingthenumberofobjectshadaneffectseparatefromchangingtheobjectsthemselves.Coulditbethepatternthattwothingsmake,asopposedtothree?
Noagain.Babiespaidmoreattentiontosquaresmovingrandomlyonascreenwhentheirnumberchangedfromtwotothree,orthreetotwo.Theeffectevencrossesbetweensenses.Babieswhowererepeatedlyshowntwospotsbecamemoreexcitedwhentheythenheardthreedrumbeatsthanwhentheyheardjusttwo;likewise(同样地)whentheresearchersstartedwithdrumbeatsandmovedtospots.
63.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?
A.Sciencefiction.B.Children’sliterature.
C.Anadvertisement.D.Asciencereport.
解析:
D。
推理判断题。
本文介绍了对婴儿进行的试验、试验的经过及结果等,因此本文可能来自于一份科学报告。
Fastfoodgiant,McDonald’ssaidonTuesdaythattheywouldbecuttingoutexcesscaloriesintheirkids’menuchoicesstartinginSeptember.McDonald’swillreducetheamountofFrenchfriesinHappyMealsandwillalsoincludeslicedapple“dippers”ineverymeal.McDonald’ssayitwillstillincludetheever-populartoyswitheachmeal.
“Wearegoingtointroducemorefoodgroupssuchasfruits,vegetablesandwholegrains,”saidCindyGoody,McDonald’sseniordirectorofnutrition.
Aftergettingmuchoftheblameforchildhoodobesity,fastfoodchains,especiallyMcDonald’s,begansellingmorenutritiousmenuitems.Buttherestaurantwasmostcriticizedforitsmarketingwhichisoftenaimedatyoungchildren.Somecities,suchasSanFrancisco,California,havebannedtoysfromallkids’mealsthatdidn’tmeetstrictnutritionalguidelinesforfat,saltandsugarcontent(含量)becausetheprizesattractedmorechildrentothefastfood.
McDonald’sfeltpublicpressuretochangetheirofferings.ItreducedFrenchfryportionsfrom2.4ozto1.1ozineverymeal.Thisdecreasescaloriecontentbyabout20percent,whichmeansanewHappyMealislessthan600calories.Currently,theunhealthiestHappyMealconsistsofacheeseburger,friesand1percentchocolatemilk,whichcontains700caloriesand27gramsoffat.
Whichpartisthispassagetakenfrominanewspaper?
A.Travelandleisure.B.Historyandpolitics.
C.CultureandcustomsD.Dietandhealth.
解析:
D。
推理判断题。
文章主要讲的是麦当劳的食品质量问题。
这些快餐中含有过多的热量和脂肪,会给孩子们带来健康问题。
由此可以推知,本文选自饮食和健康专栏。
重点三写作意图推断
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。
作者一般不直接表明自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。
这种题型要求考生不但要能理解文章的大意,还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
主要设题形式:
Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?
Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_____.
Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat_____.
Thefact...ismentionedbytheauthortoshow______.
Thewritertalksabout...inorderto______.
Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto______.
Hometomemeansasenseoffamiliarityandnostalgia(怀旧).It'sfuntocomehome.Itlooksthesame.Itsmellsthesame.You'llrealizewhat'schangedisyou.Homeiswherewecanrememberpain,live,andsomeotherexperiences;Wepartedhere;Myparentsmethere;Iwonthreechampionshipshere.
IfIclosemyeyes,Icanstillhaveaclearpictureinmindofmyfirsthome.Iwalkinthedoorandseeabrownsofasurroundingalowglass-topwoodentable.Totherightofthelivingroomismyfirstbedroom.It'sempty,butit'swheremyearliestmemoriesare.
...
SometimeswhenIfeellost,Iliedownandshutmyeyes,andIgohome.Iknowit'swhereI'llfindmyfamily,mydogs,andmybelongings.IpurposelyleavethewindowopenatnightbecauseIknowI'llbeblamedbyMom.ButIdon'tmind,becauseIwanttohearhersaymyname,whichremindsmeI'mhome.
46.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassage?
A.Toexpresshowmuchsheisattachedtoherhome.
B.Todeclarehowmuchshelovesherfirsthouse.
C.Todescribethestateofherfamily.
D.Tolookbackonherchildhood.
解析:
A。
写作意图题。
根据第一段的第一句“Hometomemeansasenseoffamiliarityandnostalgia.”可知,作者写本文的目的是表达她对家的怀恋、依恋之情,下文都是围绕第一句展开的。
Havingagreatcollectionofbooksathomedoesn’treallymeanthatyouareapersonwhohasapassionforliteratureandreading.Itcanbeafamilyinheritanceoritcanbejusttoimpresspeoplearoundyoubythefactthatyouareapersonofculture…
Frommypointofview,literatureisveryimportantinourlife.Forexample,readingisameansofgainingcultureandenrichingourknowledgeindifferentareas.Itcanhelpushaveagreatimaginationanditmakesthingseasierwhenitcomestomakecompositionsondifferentthemes.Itgivesyouthepossibilitytospeakaboutscience,evenifyoudon’tworkinthisdomain,oryoucanexpressyouropinionaboutapoliticalaspect,justbecauseyouhavereadsomethingconnec