英语四六级作文展开方式及模式.docx

英语四六级作文展开方式及模式.docx

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英语四六级作文展开方式及模式

作文展开方式及模式

1.罗列法

Wordstobeused:

Tobeginwith/inthefirst（second,etc.）place/first/atfirst/thefirstthingtobeconsideredis…

/firstofall（Ishouldliketo…）

/thefirstthingwehavetoconsideris…

Secondly,etc./besides/Lastly,finally,atlast

First…second…then…

Model:

TheWaystoKeepGoodHealth

Thereareanumberofusefulruleswhichwilldomuchtoensuregoodhealth,ifwewillonlyadoptthem.

First,foodmustbetakenatregularintervalsandnevertoomuch.Secondly,takecarethatourroomsareairy.Freshairisessentialtohealth.Thirdly,wemustalwayskeepourbodiesclean.Cleanlinesskeepssicknessaway.Fourthly,wemusthavesufficientsleep.Latetobedandlaterisingwillspoilournervesandruinourhealth.Fifthlywemusthaveexercises.Exercisesmakeourmusclesstrongandprotectourselvesagainstillness.

Theremightbeotherimportantrulestoensuregoodhealth,buttheabovefiveprovetobethemostessentialinourindividualdailylife.

2.过程法

PowerfulcomputerscapableoftranslatingdocumentsfromonelanguageintoanotherhavebeenrecentlydevelopedinJapan.Theprocessofmachinetranslationiscomplex.TotranslateadocumentfromEnglishintoJapanese,forexample,thecomputerfirstanalyzesanEnglishsentence,determiningitsgrammaticalstructureandidentifyingthesubject,verb,objects,andmodifiers.Next,thewordsaretranslatedbyanEnglish-Japanesedictionary.Afterthat,anotherpartofthecomputerprogramanalyzestheresultingawkwardjumbleofwordsandmeaningsandproducesanintelligiblesentencebasedontherulesofJapanesesyntaxandthemachine’sunderstandingofwhattheoriginalEnglishsentencemeant.Finally,thecomputer-producedtranslationispolishedbyahumanbilingualeditor.

3.例证法

Wordstobeused:

Forexample/forinstance/Specifically/asproof/such（as）

AnotherexampleIrememberis…

Themoststrikinginstanceofthisoccurredwhen…

…canserveasanexample

Ifanyfurtherexampleswereneeded,Icouldmention…

Asanillustration,…

…isagoodcaseinpoint

Model1:

Whydowordschangetheirmeanings?

Thefollowingaresomeofthereasonsofthechange.Sometimeschangesinmeaninghappenbecauseofalinguisticassociation.Thewordconstitutional,forexample,isanadjectivemeaning,roughly“forhealth”.Itwaslongusedinthephrase“aconstitutionalwalk”,whichwasawalktakenforreasonsofhealth.Thephrasebecamesocommonthatthewordwalkwasforgotten,andtodayawalktakenforhealthreasonsisthusknownsimplyas“aconstitutional”.

Changesinmeaningalsohappenwhenthethingaworddescribeschangesform.Thewordcar,fromLatincaress,isanexample.Itoriginallymeanta“four-wheeledcoach”.Themoderncarisnotatallliketheoldfour-wheeledcoach.Thethinghaschanged,sothewordhaschangedmeaningwithit.

Meaningchangecanalsotakeplacethroughadesiretoavoidtalkingaboutanunpleasantsubject.Thewordundertakerisanexampleofthis.Itoriginallymeant“someonewhoundertakestomakespecialarrangements”.Ourmoderntravelagentmightoncehavebeencalleda“travelundertaker”.Oneexpressionusingthewordwas“funeralundertaker”.Thewordfuneralwasdropped,however,becauseitremindedpeopleoftheunpleasantsubjectofdeath.Theresultisthattodayundertakerhaslostitsgeneralsenseandnowmeans“themanwhoarrangesfunerals”.

Aswecanconclude,wordschangetheirmeaningsforvariousinterestingreasonsandforvariouspurposesofthepeoplewhousethem.

4.因果法

Wordstobeused:

Because（of）,since,as,for,owingto,dueto,forthereasonthat…,So,sothat,therefore,thus,consequently,accordingly,asaresultcause,resultin,resultfrom,betheresultof,

giveriseto,affect,require,produce,leadto,accountforThecauseof…,

oneconsequence/resultis…,asaconsequence/result,

consequently,forthisreason,

Now（that）,onaccountof,

Model:

WhyAreThereSoManyRuralLaborersinShanghai?

Nowadays,rurallaborersfloodinShanghai.Menusuallymakealivingbydecoratinghousesforcity-dwellers.Womenusuallyworkintherestaurant,washingbowlsandplates.Someofthemalsoworkinstate-runfactories,undertakingtheworkcity-dwellersareunwillingtodo.Therearemanyreasonsforthissocialphenomenon,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.

Foronething,perhapstheyareshortofmoneyandwanttoearnsomemoneyinShanghaitocopewiththeirdifficulties.Foranother,theyfinditeasiertomakealivinginShanghaithaninthecountryside.PerhapstheprimereasonisthattheyadmiretheurbanlifeandwanttoliveinShanghaipermanently.

Fromtheforegoing,theruralpopulationisgettingbiggerandbiggerinShanghaiandithascausedserioussocialproblems.Therefore,thegovernmentshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestorestricttheruralpopulationinShanghai.

5.比较法（对比法）

Wordstobeused:

Likewise,alike,similarly,

（exactly）thesameas,both,resemble,LikeA…,soisBhowever,while,unlikeA,

ontheotherhand,whereas,conversely,but,incontrastto,onthecontrary,notas…as..

Themain（another）differencebetweenAandBisthat…

Model1:

JaneandKarenhavemanythingsincommon.Tobeginwith,bothgirlshavethesamebackground.JanewasbornandraisedintheWest,andsowasKaren.Next,bothgirlsareinterestedinthesamekindsofsubjectsinschool.JanelikesFrench,history,andEnglish.Inthesameway,KarenlikesSpanish,history,andEnglish.Furthermore,bothgirlswanttobeteacher.JaneplanstobecomeanelementaryschoolteacherwhileKarenwantstobeahighschoolteacher.Asyoucansee,thetwogirlsarealmostliketwins.

6.分类法

Wordstobeused:

classessectionsfamilies

categoriesunitspartskindsdivisiongroupstypessortsaspects

…can/maybeclassifiedaccordingto…

consistof/comprise

…fallinto…（types）

…canbe（further）divided/subdividedinto…

wemaysort…into…