考研英语一真题附答案.docx

考研英语一真题附答案.docx

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考研英语一真题附答案

2021年考研英语〔一〕试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Researchonanimalintelligeneealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.

1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer'spieceintheScienceTimes

onTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnIonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.

Intelligenee,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning-agradual7-insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneof

thethingsthey'veapparentlylearnediswhento8

Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligenee?

That'tbequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglanee10atallthespecieswe'vdeftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligeneemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI'veevermet.

Researchonanimalintelligeneealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechanee.Everycatwithanowner,14,is

runningasmall-scalestudyinoperanteonditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatienee,ourfaithfulness,our

memoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligeneeinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19

question:

Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?

20theresultsareinconelusive.

17.[A]at

[B]for

[C]after

[D]with

18.[A]Aboveall

[B]Afterall

[C]However

[D]Otherwise

19.[A]fundamental

[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent

[D]

hostile

20.[A]Byaccident

[B]Intime

[C]Sofar

[D]Betterstill

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notch

buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,〞WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.In

theever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit〞carriesanegativeconnotation.

Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.

Butdon'tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus,they'itberetostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.

“Thfirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,〞saysDawnaMarkova,authorof“TheOpenMind〞andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners.“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decidejustasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider.'〞Sheadds,however,that“todecideist

allpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.〞

Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:

analytically,procedurally,relationally（orcollaboratively）andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.

Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.“ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystettiatanyonecandoanything,〞explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2006book“ThisYearIWill...

Ms.Markova'sbusinesspartner.“That'saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosters

commonness.Knowingwhatyou'regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellenee.〞Thisiswheredevelopinghnabtscomesin.

21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing

A.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable.

22.Theresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbe

A.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided

23.〞ruts〞（inlineone,paragraph3）hasclosestmeaningto

A.tracksB.seriesC.characteristicsD.connections

24.Ms.Markova'scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtestingA,preventsnewhabitsformbeingformed

B,nolongeremphasizescommonness

C,maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodel

D,complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem

25.Ryanmostprobablyagreethat

A.ideasarebornofarelaxingmind

B.innovativenesscouldbetaught

C.decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideas

D.curiosityactivatescreativeminds

Text2

Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaternalshellour$30forpaternitytestingkit（PTK）athislocaldrugstore-andanother$120togettheresults.

Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecomeavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.MorethantwodozencompaniessellDNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$2500.

Amongthemostpopular:

paternityandkinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildrencanusetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamanypassionategenealogists-andsupportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily'gseographicroots.

Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothecompanyfortesting.AlltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA.

Butsomeobserversareskeptical,“Thereisakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyaredoingancetsrytesting,〞saysTreyDuster,aNew

YorkUniversitysociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyancestors-numberinginthehundredsjustafewcenturiesback.Yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather'slineormitochondrialDNA,whichapasseddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyoneortwoancestors,eventhough,forexample,justthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohavesixothergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,14othergreat-great-grandparents.

Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereferencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdonrelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemaydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,thecomputerprogramsacompanyusestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.

26.Inparagraphs1and2,thetextshowsPTK's.

[A]easyavailability

[B]flexibilityinpricing

[C]successfulpromotion

[D]popularitywithhouseholds

27.PTKisusedto.

[A]locateone'sbirthplace[B]promotegeneticresearch

[C]identifyparent-childkinship[D]choosechildrenforadoption

28.Skepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto.

[A]tracedistantancestors[B]rebuildreliable

bloodlines

[C]fullyusegeneticinformation[D]achievetheclaimed

accuracy

29.Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis.

[A]disorganizeddatacollection

[B]overlappingdatabasebuilding

30.Anappropriatetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe.

[A]ForsandAgainstsofDNAtesting[B]DNAtestingandIt'sproblems

[C]DNAtestingoutsidethelab[D]liesbehindDNAtesting

Text3

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalikeprogressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisit,becauseneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak.TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHondaNissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterepantsaresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.Morerecently,whileexaminghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMe