考研英语一真题附答案.docx

1、考研英语一真题附答案2021年考研英语一试题Sectio n I Use of En glishDirecti ons:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 poi nts)Research on ani mal in tellige nee always makes me won der just how smart huma ns are.1 the fruit- fly experiments

2、 described in Carl Zimmer s piece in the Science Timeson Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn Ion ger, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.In tellige nee, it 5 out, is a high-priced

3、opti on. It takes more upkeep, bur ns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning - a gradual 7 - in stead of in st in ct. Ple nty of other species are able to lear n, and one ofthe things they ve apparently learned is when to 8Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligene

4、e? That tbe question behind this new research. I like it. In stead of cast ing a wistful gla nee 10 at all the species we vdeft in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own in tellige nee might be. This is 12 the mi nd of every ani mal I ve ever met.Research on ani mal in te

5、llige nee also makes me won der what experime nts ani mals would 13 on huma ns if they had the cha nee. Every cat with an owner, 14 , isrunning a small-scale study in opera nt eon diti oning. we believe that 15 ani mals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patienee, our faithfuln

6、ess, ourmemory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligenee in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19questi on: Are huma ns actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are incon elusive.17. A atB forC afterD with18. A Abov

7、e allB After allC HoweverD Otherwise19. A fun dame ntalB comprehe nsive C equivale ntDhostile20. A By accide ntB In timeC So farD Better stillSect ion II Read ing Comprehe nsionPart ADirecti ons:Read the followi ng four texts. An swer the questi ons below each text by choos ing A, B, C or D. Mark yo

8、ur an swers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 poi nts)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relax ing into the uncon scious comfort of familiar rout ine. “ Not chbut habit rules the unreflecting herd, William Wordsworth said in the 19th century.Inthe

9、ever-changing 21stcentury, even the word “ habit carries a negative connotation.So it seems an tithetical to talk about habits in the same con text as creativity and inno vati on. But brain researchers have discovered that whe n we con sciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths,

10、and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto n ew, inno vative tracks.But don t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they itbere to stay. In stead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create

11、 parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“ Thfirst thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder, says Dawna Markova, author of “TheOpen Mind and an executive change consultant for Professi onal Thi nking Part ners. “ Butwe are taught in stead to decidejust as our preside nt cal

12、ls himself the Decider. She adds, however, that “ to decide is tall possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities. All of us work through problems in ways of which we reunaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that huma ns are born

13、 with the capacity to approach challe nges in four primary ways: an alytically, procedurally, relati on ally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserv ing only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable duri ng the firs

14、t decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us in here ntly use our inno vative and collaborative modes of thought. “ This breaks the major rule in the America n belief systettiat anyone can do anything, explains M. J. Ry

15、an, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will.Ms. Markova s bus in ess part ner. “ That s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosterscommonness. Knowing what you regood at and doing even more of it creates excelle nee. This is where develop in ghnabts comes in.21.The view of Wordsworth habit is c

16、laimed by beingA.casual B. familiar C. mechanical D. changeable.22.The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA.predicted B. regulated C. traced D. guided23. ruts (in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracks B. series C. characteristics D. connections24.Ms. Marko

17、va s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing A, prevents new habits form being formedB,no longer emphasizes commonnessC,maintains the inherent American thinking modelD,complies with the American belief system25.Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB.innovat

18、iveness could be taughtC.decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD.curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore - and another $120 to get the results.

19、More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in pr

20、ice from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businessesthat offer to search for a family gseographic roots .Most

21、 tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, “ Thereis a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancetsry tes

22、ting, says Trey Duster, a NewYork University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numberingin the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father s line or mitochondrial

23、DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue tha

24、t commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ dependi

25、ng on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK s .Aeasy availabilityBflexibility in pricingCsuccessful promoti

26、onDpopularity with households27.PTK is used to .Alocate one s birth place Bpromote genetic researchCidentify parent-child kinship D choose children for adoption28.Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to .Atrace distant ancestors B rebuild reliablebloodlinesCfully use genetic infor

27、mation D achieve the claimedaccuracy29.In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is .Adisorganized data collectionBoverlapping database building30.An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be .AFors and Againsts of DNA testing B DNA testing and It s problemsCDNA tes

28、ting outside the lab D lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of the

29、se and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to imp

30、rove economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first

31、 evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in

32、automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job. More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchersdiscovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Me