商务英语入门术语汇编.docx

商务英语入门术语汇编.docx

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商务英语入门术语汇编

商务英语入门术语汇编

Chapter1：

Terms

EnglishDefinition

中文翻译

soleproprietorship

Anorganizationthatisowned,andusuallymanaged,byonepersoniscalledasoleproprietorship.

个人独资企业

partnership

Apartnershipisalegalrelationshipbetweenpersonscarryingonaprofit-motivatedbusiness.

合伙企业

generalpartnership

Ageneralpartnershipisabusinesswithatleastonegeneralpartnerwhohasunlimitedliabilityforthedebtsofthebusiness.

普通合伙

generalpartner

主要合伙人

limitedpartnership

Alimitedpartnershipisanarrangementwhereapersoncancontributeabusinesswithoutbeinginvolvedintheaffairsofthepartnership.

有限合伙

limitedpartner

有限合伙人

investor

投资者

creditor

债权人

liability

债务责任

corporation

Thecorporationisalegalentity（法人实体），allowedbylegislation,whichpermitsagroupofpeople,asshareholdersormembers,tocreateanorganization,whichcanthenfocusonpursuingsetobjectives.

（股份制）公司

for-profitcompany

营利性公司

non-profitcompany

非营利性公司

limitedliability

有限责任（以出资额为限）

unlimitedliability

无线责任（个人财产也要用于清算）

doubletaxation

Thecorporationhastopaytaxesonitsprofits.Thestockholdersmushalsopayincometaxonthedividendstheyreceivethroughownership.

双重课税

jointventure

Ajointventureisthepoolingofresourcesandexpertisebytwoormorebusinesses,typicallyfromdifferentareasorcountriestoachieveaparticulargoal.

合资公司

limitedliabilitycompanies（LLC）

Alimitedliabilitycompany（LLC）isatypeofbusinessownershipcombiningseveralfeaturesofcorporationandpartnershipstructures.

有限责任公司

minute

会议记录

merger

Amergeristheresultofthecombinationoftwoormorecompaniestoformanewcompany.

兼并

acquisition

Anacquisitionisonecompanybuyingthepropertyandobligationsofanothercompany.

收购

horizontalmerger

Ahorizontalmergerjoinsfirmsinthesameindustryandallowsthemtodiversityorexpandtheirproducts.

横向兼并

verticalmerger

Averticalisthejoiningoftwofirmsinvolvedindifferentstagesofrelatedbusinesses–amanufacturermergingwithasupplierofcomponentproducts,oramanufacturermergingwithadistributorofitsproducts.

纵向兼并

conglomeratemerger

Aconglomeratemergerunitesfirmsincompletelyunrelatedindustries.

混合兼并

franchise

Afranchiseistherighttouseabusinessnameandsellproductsorservices,usuallyinaspecificgeographicalterritory.

特许

franchising

特许经营

franchiser

thepersonwhosellsafranchise

特许者

franchisee

thepersonwhobuysafranchise

被特许者

Chapter2：

Terms

EnglishDefinition

中文翻译

bandwagoneffect

从众效应

marketassessment

市场评估

marketniche

缝隙市场

marketresearch

市场调查

businessplan

Businessplanisadetailedwrittendocumentthatdefinesthegoalsofyourbusinessanddescribesthemeansyouwillusetoattainthosegoals,theadvantagesthebusinesswillhaveinrelationtocompetition,andtheresourcesandqualificationsoftheowners.

企业计划书，企划书

leaseagreement

Aleaseagreementisacontractbetweenyouandtheowneroftheproperty.

租赁协议

generalbusinesslicense

Ageneralbusinesslicenseisassessedannuallyfortheprivilegeofoperatingabusinessinthejurisdiction.

普通经营许可证

speciallicense

Aspeciallicenseisonethatisissuedtoabusinessthatwillprovideproductsorservicesthatrequireregulation.

特殊经营许可证

cashfloat

现金流

overdraft

透支

bankstatement

银行结单

Chapter3：

Terms

EnglishDefinition

中文翻译

fringebenefits

附加福利

corporateethics

corporateethicsaretheevaluationofcorporateactivitiesandbehaviorasrightorwrong.

企业道德

ethicaldilemma

道德困境

corporatesocialresponsibility（CSR）

Corporatesocialresponsibilityistheawarenessthatbusinessactivitieshaveanimpactonsociety,andtheconsiderationofthatimpactbyfirmsindecisionmaking.

企业社会责任

corporateculture

Corporatecultureisdescribedasthepersonalityofanorganization,includingsuchelementsascorevaluesandbeliefs,corporateethics,andrulesofbehavior.

企业文化

corevalues

核心价值观

risk-takingpersonality

喜欢冒险的个性

attention-to-detailpersonalities

注重细节的个性

outcome-orientedpersonalities

注重结果的个性

customerservice

客服

people-orientedpersonality

以人为本的个性

5、月球在圆缺变化过程中出现的各种形状叫作月相。

月相变化是由于月球公转而发生的。

它其实是人们从地球上看到的月球被太阳照亮的部分。

team-orientedpersonality

4、“我迈出了一小步，但人类迈出了一大步。

”这句话是阿姆斯特朗说的。

1、放大镜为什么能放大物体的图像呢？

我们注意到它的特点了吗？

（P3）注重团队合作的个性

aggressivepersonality

积极进取的个性

14、在显微镜下观察物体有一定的要求。

物体必须制成玻片标本，才能在显微镜下观察它的精细结构。

non-stablepersonality

13、以太阳为中心，包括围绕它转动的八大行星（包括围绕行星转动的卫星）、矮行星、小天体（包括小行星、流星、彗星等）组成的天体系统叫做太阳系。

2、如果我们想要设计一个合理、清洁的垃圾填埋场，我们首先应考虑要解决的问题有哪些呢？

不求稳的个性

6、二氧化碳气体有什么特点？

codesofethics

第三单元宇宙道德规范

corporateclimate

1、放大镜为什么能放大物体的图像呢？

我们注意到它的特点了吗？

（P3）企业氛围

14、大我数地区的自来水水源取自水库、湖泊或河流。

自来水是主要的饮用水，饮用水源受到污染，会直接影响我们的身体健康。

Chapter4：

Terms

EnglishDefinition

中文翻译

management

Managementisdefinedastheapplicationofplanning,organizing,directing,andcontrollingfunctionsinthemostefficientmannerpossibletoaccomplishmeaningfulorganizationalobjectives.

管理

planning

Planningisamanagementfunctionwhichmeansdefininggoalsforfutureorganizationalperformanceanddecidingonthetasksanduseofresourcesneededtoattainthem.

计划

strategicplanning/long-rangeplanning

Strategicplanningdeterminesthemajorgoalsoftheorganizationaswellasthepolicies,procedures,andstrategiesforobtainingandusingresourcestoachievethosegoals.

战略规划/长期规划

tacticalplanning/short-rangeplanning

Tacticalplanningistheprocessofdevelopingdetailed,short-termstrategiesaboutwhatistobedone,whoistodoit,andhowitistobedone.

战术规划/短期规划

operationalplanning

Operationalplanningistheprocessofsettingworkstandardsandschedulesnecessarytoimplementthetacticalobjectives.

运营规划

contingencyplanning

Contingencyplanningistheprocessofpreparingalternativecoursesofactionthatmaybeusediftheprimaryplansdon’tachievetheorganization’sobjectives.

应急计划

organizing

Organizingisamanagementfunctionthattypicallyfollowsplanningandreflectshowtheorganizationtriestoaccomplishtheplan.

组织

structuralreorganization

结构重组

directing

directingistheuseofinfluencetomotivateemployeestoachieveorganizationalgoals.

领导，指挥

autocraticleadership

Autocraticleadership,theclosestyleofsupervision,meansprovidingsubordinateswithdetailedjobinstructions.

专制型领导

democraticleadership

Democraticleadership,thegeneralsupervision,isamanagementstyleinwhichthemanagerconsultswithsubordinatesaboutjobactivities,problems,andcorrectiveactions.

民主性领导

controlling

Controllingisamanagementfunctionthatinvolvesverifyingthatactualperformancematchestheplan.

控制

organizationalstructure

Organizationalstructureistheformaldecision-makingframeworkbywhichjobtasksaredivided,grouped,andcoordinated.

组织结构

top-levelmanagers

Topmanagersarethosewhotaketheresponsibilityofsettingorganizationalgoals,definingstrategiesforachievingthem,monitoringandinterpretingtheexternalenvironment,andmakingdecisionsthataffecttheentireorganization.

高层管理者

middle-levelmanagers

Middle-levelmanagersarethosewhoreceivethebroadoverallstrategies,missions,andobjectivesfromtop-levelmanagersandtranslatethemintospecificactionprograms.

中层管理者

first-levelmanagers

First-levelmanagersarethosewhoemphasizedirectingandcontrollingtheworkofemployeesinordertoachievetheteamgoals.

基层管理者

supervisor

主管（基层管理者）

managerialroles

经理人角色

figureheadrole

Themanagerhandlesceremonialandsymbolicactivitiesforthedepartmentororganization.

名誉领袖角色

liaisonrole

Themanagerinteractswithpeersandpeopleinsideandoutsidetheorganization.

联络人角色

leaderrole

Theleaderroleencompassesrelationshipswithsubordinates,includingmotivation,communication,andinfluence.

领导人角色

monitorrole

Themanagerreceivesandcollectsinformationfrommanysources.

监听者角色

disseminatorrole

Themanagertransmitsspecialinformationintotheorganization.

传播者角色

spokespersonrole

Themanagerdisseminatestheorganization’sinformationintoitsenvironment.

发言人角色

entrepreneurrole

Themanagerinitiateschange.

企业家角色

disturbancehandlerrole

Themanagerresolvesconflictsamongsubordinatesorbetweenhis/herdepartmentandotherdepartments.

障碍排除者

resourceallocatorrole

Theresourceallocatorroleisaboutdecisionsofallocatingpeople,time,equipment,budget,andotherresourcestoattaindesiredoutcomes.

资源分配者

negotiatorrole

Themanagernegotiatesonbehalfoftheorganization.

谈判者

conceptualskill

conceptualskillisthecognitiveabilitytoseetheorganizationasawholeandtherelationshipamongitsparts.

概念技能

humanskill

Humanskillisthemanager’sabilitytoworkwithandthroughotherpeopleandtoworkeffectivelyasagroupmember.

人际技能

technicalskill

Technicalskillistheunderstandingofandproficiencyintheperformanceofspecifictasks.

技术技能/业务技能

Chapter5：

Terms

EnglishDefinition

中文翻译

production

Productionistheprocessoftransforminginputssuchasrawmaterialsintooutputssuchasgoodsandservices.

生产

manufacturing

Manufacturingisonepartofproductionwhichmeansmakinggoodsbyhandorwithmachineryasopposedtoextractingthingsfromtheearth（miningandfishing）.

制造

operation

Operationsarethefunctionsneededtokeepthecompanyproducing,literallyanyfunctionorseriesoffunctionsintroducedtocarryoutastrategicplan.

运作

inputs

Inputstotheproductionprocessarethoseresourcesthatwillbeneededtoproducethedesiredgoodsorservices.

投入品

transformation

Transformationconsistsofthoseproductionactivitiesthattaketheinputsandcombinetheminsomespecialwaytoproducetheoutput.

改造，转