第五章 运输.docx

上传人:b****4 文档编号:26845959 上传时间:2023-06-23 格式:DOCX 页数:21 大小:39.63KB
下载 相关 举报
第五章 运输.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共21页
第五章 运输.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共21页
第五章 运输.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共21页
第五章 运输.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共21页
第五章 运输.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共21页
点击查看更多>>
下载资源
资源描述

第五章 运输.docx

《第五章 运输.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《第五章 运输.docx(21页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。

第五章 运输.docx

第五章运输

商学院双语课程

 

《供应链与物流管理》

Logistics&SupplyChainManagement

授课教案

jzj@

 

授课教师:

姜阵剑

Contents

CHAPTERONETheINTRODUCTIONofLogistics2

ChapertwoPROCUREMENT12

CHAPTERTHREEMARKETING21

CHAPTERFOURlogisticsINFORMATIONmanagement32

chapterfivetransportation44

chaptersixWAREHOUSEMANAGEMENT60

CHAPTERSEVENSTOCKCONTROL69

CHAPTEREIGHTLOGISTICDECISION-MAKING76

CHAPTERNINELogistics/Supply-ChainManagement86

CHAPTERTENMARKETECONOMYSOLUTIONS102

CHAPTERELEVENNETWORKECONOMYSOLUTIONSOFSCM109

CHAPTERTWELVESELECTINGSUPPLYCHAINSOLUTION121

CHAPTERTHIRTEENinternationaltrade131

CHAPTERFOURTEENLogisticsBestPractices138

CHAPTERFIFTEENBestPracticesCompaniesinSCMAction148

 

ChapterFive

TransportationManagement

BasicRequirements:

掌握物流行业运输的概念,了解运输的种类、特点以及运输的特性。

MajorPoints:

物流行业运输的概念。

DifficultPoints:

运输的特性。

Wemakethedistinctionbetween‘transportation’and‘movements’becausemanyfactorsinthemovementofpeopleorgoodsfromorigintodestinationareadditionaltotheactualmeansofconveyance.Themeansofconveyanceiswhatwecalltransportation,butifweincludealltheotherfactorsnecessaryfortheplanning,monitoringandcontrollingofmovementwearedealingwithsomethingmuchwiderthanjustconveyance.Ifyoubookapackageholidaytoaforeigndestination,oneelementofitwillbethetransportationinvolvedingettingyoufirsttothehomeairport,thenfromtheretotheforeignone,andfinallyfromtheretoyourresort.Allthistransportationneedstoconnectupsothatyouneithermissyourflightnorhavetowaitalongtimeforit.

Whenyougettoyourholidaydestination,youhopetherewillbearoombookedforyouinahoteland,orcourse,youwillneedapassport,perhapsavisaaswell,and,perhapssomespecialvaccinations.Soyoucanseethatwhatwearedealingwithhereisnotjusttransportation,butthewholeprocessofmovingyoufromhometotheholidayhotelandeverythingthatneedstobedoneinorderforthattohappen.Inthesameway,withthemovementofgoodstheremaybeseveralstagestogothrough,involvingtransshipmentbetweendifferentmodesofconveyance,perhapstemporarystorageofthegoodsforawhile,arrangementofcustomsandanyotherspecialclearances,etc.

5.1Definition

Transportationistheexecutiveagencythatactuallycarriesoutthephysicalmovement.The

termmovementsreferstotheplanning,monitoringandcontrollingofthemovementofgoodsandpeoplethroughallthestagesofthejourneybetweenoriginandultimatedestination,includinganyinterchange,documentationprocessing,temporaryaccommodationandtheprocurementofthemeansoftransportation.

Centralisedcontrol

Themovementsorganizationmustbeabletocoordinatetheuseofallthedifferentmeansoftransportationtowhichithasaccessandsomakethemostefficientandeconomicaluseofalltheresourcesavailable.Thiscannormallybedoneonlybymaintainingcentralisedcontrolatthehighestlevelatwhichitcanadequatelybeexercised.Thislevelisthepointatwhichsufficientinformationisavailablefortherightdecisionstobemadepromptlyandatwhichtheresourcesareavailableforseeingthatthedecisionsarecarriedout.

Regulation

Movementmustbeplannedandregulatedtoensurethatanevenflowismaintainedbykeepingtrafficmovingwithoutunnecessarychecksandbynotallowingcongestiontooccuratbottlenecks,transferpointsandterminals.Failuretomaintainanevenflowwillresultinjourneytimesandturn-roundbeingextendedandlessefficientuseofthetransportationresources.Toavoidcongestion,thetrafficdispatchedmustnotexceedthecapacityofthetransportationsystemsmeasuredattheircriticalpointsanditmustbeensuredthattheconsigneecanacceptthetrafficatitsdestination.Thetrafficmustalsobedispatchedinthecorrectorderofpriorityandthiswillbedeterminedbythedesiredtimeofarrival.

Flexibility

Somekindsoftrafficcanbeforecastanddispatchedatregularintervalsandatanevenrate.Othertrafficcannotbeforecastaccuratelyandsotheremustbesufficientflexibilitytoallowittobeacceptedatshortnoticewithoutdisruption.Furthermore,ifarouteortransportationsystemisdisruptedbyweatherorbreakdownitwillbenecessarytoswitchtoanotherrouteormeansoftransportationtoenabletheevenflowtobemaintained.

Maximumutilisation

Maximumutilisationisachievedbythefollowingtechniques.Theyare:

Loadingaunitoftransportationtoitsmaximumpermissiblecapacity;Keepingthereturnjourneytimeassortaspossible;Avoidingcongestionalongtherouteandatterminals;Loadingandunloadingwithoutdelay.Allofthismustbeconsistentwiththerequirementsofsafety,adequatecrewrest,compliancewithspeedandloadregulations,andfuelefficiency.

5.2TypesofTraffic

Thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichmovementscanoccur,distinguishedbythefrequencywithwhichmovementtakesplaceoveranygivenrouteandthedegreetowhichthedemandformovementtotakeplaceispredictable.Wecanidentifyfourbasictypesofmovementforgoods:

regularopen-access,regulardedicated,predictablyvariable,andcasual/spot/on-demand.Eachoftheseisexplainedbelow.

Regularopen-accessmovementofgoods

Regularopen-accessmovementsinfreighttransportationaretheequivalentofscheduledpublictransportationservicesinpassengeroperation.Indeedmanyadvertisedareseaorairservicescarryingbothpassengerandfreighttraffic,andinsomecountriessuchasPakistanthisalsoappliestoscheduledrailservices.Thebenefitsfortheoperatorsofthescheduledserviceareclear.Itconfersonthema‘continuousproduction’systemwhichsecuresagoodutilizationofvehicles/vesselsandtheircrewsandefficientterminaluse,providedtheprinciplesofefficienttimetablingareupheld,suchasbelow:

1)Timingswhicharesufficientlydemandingtorequirebriskoperation

2)Timingswithsufficientmargintobereliablyattainable,givengoodmanagement

3)Rapidturnroundatterminals

4)Evenintervalfrequency

5)Respectforconstraintssuchaslawsgoverninghoursofwork

Regulardedicatedmovementsofgoods

Acommonsolutiontotheproblemofdistinctivecustomerrequirementsistheoperationofadedicatedregularservicewhichisnotopentopublicuse.Manycontractdistributionservicesworkonthisprinciplewithregularscheduledrunsfromdistributiondepotsto(forinstance)supermarkets.Suchservicesnormallyruninscheduledslots,andsooffertheefficientutilisationofresourcesassociatedwithtimetabledoperations,butbecausetheyoffernocommitmenttopublicavailability,theycanbealteredatshortnoticetotakeaccountofspecialrequirements.

Ahighproportionofinter-worksorsupplychainroadhaulage,many‘companytrains’,andmanydedicatedshippingandcargoaircraftmovementsrunonregularschedulesbutto‘Q’timings,i.e.they‘runifrequired’.Thiscombinestheadvantageofaregularschedule(completewiththeavailabilityofpathsorslots)withadegreeofflexibilitywhichpermitstheservicetobecancelledorreroutedifrequired.Atalocalleveltherearemanylorryandvanmovementsoperatingonashuttleservicebetweentwoormoresitesthatofferavariablenumberoftripsper

 

day.

Predictablyvariablemovementsofgoods

Predictablevariationsmaybeduetomanythingsincluding:

thetimeofyear,seasonalityofsomegoods,fixed-termnatureofsomecontracts,holidayperiods,fashion,politicalreasons,culturalreasons.So,theexamplesgiveussomethoughtsthatwecangetsometrafficpimples.

First,thereisthemovementofspoilfromamajorcivilengineeringsitesuchasaroadinacutting.ThiswillleadtoasteadyflowoftipperLorriesoperatinga‘bucketchain’operationbetweenthesiteandtheplaceswherethespoilistobedumped.Secondisthehaulageofgrainfromfarmstoexportportsatharvesttime,whenthereisashortperiodofintenseseasonaltransportationactivity.Thethirdtypeofintermediatemovementisonewheretheflowofgoodsisfairlyconstant,takingonemonthwithanother,andtheoriginanddestinationsarepredictable,butthetimingofthetripsandperhapstheirfrequencyarevariable.Thiscanbefoundintheroadhaulageofcontainerswhichhavebeenlandedataportforamixtureofimmediatedeliveriesand‘waitorder’movements.

Suchvariationsarecommonlycausedbythewishesofthecustomer,buttheremaybeotherreasons,forexamplethearrivalofashiploadedwithmorecontainersthancanbemovedimmediatelybythefleetofLorriesthatisavailable.Agreatdealofroadhaulage,andmuchbargetraffic,suchasthatontheRhine,isofthispattern.

Casual/spot/on-demandmovementsofgoods

Finallytherearemovementsthatarenotpartofaregularpattern,variouslydescribedascasualortrampmovements,‘spot’traffic,one-offmovementsorspecialtrips,oron-demandmovements.Thisisacompletelyvariableanddynamicsectorofthemarketandiscateredforbyallmodesinsimilarfashion.Theworkmaybedonebyanoperatorbutisoftenundertakenwithsparecapacityorvehicles/crafthiredforthespecificjob.

Casualortramptrafficisoftenthatwhichisnoturgent,butisawaitingmovementtoanameddestination.Atrampshipisonewhichdoesnotrunaregularrouteorservice.Spottrafficisso-calledbecauseitfrequentlyresultsfromchangesinthespotpricesforcommoditiessuchasbauxiteorpetroleum.Sometimessuchproductshaveashort-termchangeofpricewhichcanmeanthatthereisaneedtodeliverthemtoaparticularmarketquickly,beforethepricecollapses.

Oftenthisleadstothecha

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 高中教育 > 英语

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1