非谓语动词.docx
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非谓语动词
专题四非谓语动词
一、知识导航——从宏观角度把握非谓语动词
背景：
在句子中同时有动词A和B,若A作谓语，B不能作谓语时，只能做非谓语。
若B以todo形叫
动词不定式，表示将要发生的动作；若B以V-ing形式出现，叫现在分词或动名词，现在分词表进行或主动：
动名词表动作的名称；如果以V-ed形式出现叫过去分词,表示已发生或被动
联系：
表具体的动作
将要发生的动作
主动，进行
被动，完成
动作的名称
表动作的全过程
过去
分词
动名词
doing
done
现在
分词
Todo
非谓语动词
以do为例：
非谓语动词
一般式
进行式
完成式
过去分词
done
现在分词
动名词
doing
beingdone
havingdone
havingbeendone
不定式
todo
tobedone
tobedoing
tohavedone
tohavebeendone
口诀：
非谓语动词123，过去分词最简单，现在分词也好分，动名词形式记心间，不定式形式有三种，“完成”、“进行”和“一般”,not后接非谓语，解题三步记心间：
先要审题找成分，注意两态选答案，最后通读找语感，三点做到题做完。
二、命题角度——从中观角度把握高考中非谓语动词的核心考查点
1、非谓语的时态和语态
2、非谓语的功能比较
3、独立结构和插入语
4、谓语动词与非谓语的比较
5、不定式的省略
6、非谓语的主动表被动
7、固定句型和惯用语
命题角度1、时态，语态：
从主语和非谓语动词的关系的角度；
2、从谓语动词和非谓语动作发生的先后关系的角度，
时态关系
S+谓语V1+O,非谓语V2.
语态关系
三、考点模型——从微观角度把握高考中非谓语动词重点考核点
考点模型1）V-ing动作是主语发出的，与谓语动词1表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生
03）.________Whydidyougobacktotheshop?
________Ifeltmyfriend________there
A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.waits
03.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______inthekichen
A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoken
04）.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,_______
A.exhaustB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted
考点模型2）havingdone动作是主语发出的，非谓语2动作发生在谓语动词1的动作之前。
eg04）______inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomesuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.
A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited
eg（.01）_______fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes
A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered
eg.（2001NMET）Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears____everything.
A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold
考点模型3）todo动作是主语发出的，且在谓语动词1之后发生
03）Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif_______whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection
A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee
03）Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesolidershadordered______clearwarningbeforefiringanyshots
A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued
02）Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains________whethertheywillenjoyitA.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
考点模型4）done句中的主语是非谓语V2的逻辑宾语，构成被动关系
03）.Genrallyspeaking,_______accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect
A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken
04）______bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.
A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted
04）Whenfirst_________tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess
A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced
04）LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningcompany,______as3M.
A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown
考点模型5）插入语，独立结构：
指V2有自己独立的逻辑主语的分词结构
Hisworkdone,hewentoutforastroll
with+n/pron+非谓语
（2002）Withalotofdifficultproblem__________.thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtimeA.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
考点模型6）．谓语动词与非谓语的比较.谓语+并列句/从句非谓语，简单句
01）______bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved
A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.Togive
03）_____time,he‘llmakeafirst–classtennisplayer.
A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
04）-----Englishhasalargevocabularyy,hasn’tit?
------Yes._______morewordsandexpressionandyouwillfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate
A.KnowB.KnowingC.ToknowD.Known
考点模型7）固定用法：
逻辑主语也可能是说话者本人，表示对谈话内容的看法或态度
常见的有tobehonest老实说tocutalongshort简单扼要
toget（back）tothepoint回到正题toputitanotherway换句话说，
GeneralspeakingJudgingfrom/byFranklyspeaking,Considering
Tobeginwith,workfillsagoodmanyhoursoftheday
04）WithallthemagazinesIneeded_______,Ileftthepostoffice.
A.buyingB.tobuyC.boughtD.tobebought
03）–Whathappenedtoyouonyourwaybacktothehotellastnight?
---Ilostmywayincompletedarknessand,_______thingsworse.itbegantopour
A.makingB.tomakeC.havingmadeD.made
考点模型8）主语It’s+（no）adj+doing/todo
todo表示主语的“职业，职责，或性质”。
不定式作具体动作，表示将来的动作。
doing：
表示抽象的一般性的行为。
（2003）______themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement
A.thepresidentwillattendB.Thepresidenttoattend
C.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident’sattending
04）Youweresillynot_______yourcar
A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked
Is＿＿＿＿necessarytocompletethedesignbefore NationalDay﹖（MET’89）
A．thisB．thatC．itD．he keyC
考点模型9）表语S+V（link）+..非谓语.
todo表具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
doing作表语：
表示抽象的一般性的行为。
doing分词应该是该事物的特征，done分词则是人对该事物的感情或特征。
如excite,interest等都是及物动词，是“使得激动”、“使高兴”，“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，“感到激动的”和“感到高兴”；若人对……感兴趣，就是somebodyisinterestedin...，若人/物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth.isinteresting。
（2001NMET）Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_____everything.
A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold
考点模型10）定语+todo;定语+doing/done的短语;
todo动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,只作后置定语；
过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作;
如：
therisingsun正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定语，意为thesunwhichwasrising）
therisensun已升起的太阳
04）Theflowers_______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature
A.tosmellB.smellingC.smellD.tobesmell
（2004）I’mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything______
A.tobebuyingB.tobuyC.forbuyingD.bought
考点模型11）宾语todo动宾offertodo,agree,afford,promise,,pretend,manage+todo
介宾Youcannothelpbut/except/besidesgetyourshoeswetbut省to
doing动宾:
finish,imagine,suggest,admit,avoid,enjoy,mind,denyconsider,delay,excuse,fancy,forbid,escape,miss,practiserequire,permit,giveup,can’thelp/standfeellike
介宾:
除but/except/besides之外，其余都可跟V-ing形式
objectto,keepon,keepsbfrom/prevent/stopsbfrom,putoff,carefor,dreamof,persistin,bebusyin,succeedin,insiston,lookforwardto,begoodat,beactivein,beproudof,betiredof,beafraidof,beterrifedat,beslowin,beworth,be/getusedto,warnsbagainst,apologizeof,dosbthefavourof,formthehabitof,putsbthetroubleof,havedifficulty/troublein,Thereisdifficultyin,It’snouse/goodin
（2000）Tonywasveryunhappyfor-______totheparty
A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvited
C.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited
3.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand_____them.
A.correctB.correctingC.correctsD.tocorrect
4.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans______foranotherhour.
A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting
考点模型12）宾补1.wantsbtodo,tell,wish,encourage,invite,enable,allow,force,lead
2.一感，二听，三让，五看observe,lookat，半帮助主动省to
被动还原toHewasseentocomeintotheroom
3.Ithink/find/consider/feelitimportanttohelpothers
04）Don’tleavethewater_______whileyoubrushyourteeth
A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun
（NMET2003）Theteacheraskedus_______somuchnoise
A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake
考点模型13）状语
目的句首Inordertocatchthebus,hegotupearly
句中Isteppedasideforthechildrensoastopass
To
do
作
状语
结果Heistootiredtogoanyfurther/tiredenough
Heliftedastoneonlytohithisownfeet
原因Hewasanxioustogethome
分词做状语
时间Lookingoutofwindow,Isawhimcomingback=WhenIlooked..
Themeetingbeingover,alllefttheroom=Whenthemeetingwasover
原因Theteacherbeingill,thelecturewasputoff=Astheteacherwasill
条件Weatherpermitting,weshallgetthere=Iftheweatherpermits
伴随Theywalkedalongthestreettalkingandlaughing
考点模型14）不定式的省略：
一感，二听，三让，五看,宾语+省to动原:
前有do,后无to,前无do,后有to
but和exceptdo（does,did,havedone）nothingbutdo
如：
Hedoesnothingbutlaugh
what主语从句中有do时,作表语的todo省去to
Whathelikestodoiscollectstamps
Why…/whynot…：
04）Ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingforthisweek,better_____it–you’vegotsomebigbillscomingA.forgetB.forgotC.forgettingD.toforget
（2001）Sandycouldtodonothingbut______tohisteacherthathewaswrong
A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit
03）–Willyougohometomorrowmorning?
-----No,I’mplanning_____A.onB.toC.soD.it
考点模型15）非谓语的主动表被动：
a.need/want/require/deserve/doing=tobedone
b.toblame/tolet
四、高考真题解析：
1.（2000北京春招）______someofthisjuice——perhapsyou’lllikeit.
A.TryingＢ．TryC.TotryD.Havingtried
2.（2000全国）I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmynewjob.
A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects
3.（2000全国）Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.
A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout
4.（2000上海）They’venotverygood,butwelike________.
A.anywaytoplaybasketballwiththemB.toplaybasketballwiththemanyway
C.toplaywiththembasketballanywayD.withthemtoplaybasketballanyway
5.（2000上海）Hesentmeane-mail,_______togetfurtherinformation.
A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope
6.（2000上海）_____in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.
A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding
7.（2000上海）The____boywaslastseen____neartheEastLake.
A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay
8.（2000上海）Tonywasveryunhappyfor______totheparty.
A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvited
C.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbee
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