非谓语动词.docx

1、非谓语动词专题四 非谓语动词一、知识导航从宏观角度把握非谓语动词背景：在句子中同时有动词A和B,若A作谓语，B不能作谓语时，只能做非谓语。若B以to do 形叫动词不定式，表示将要发生的动作；若B以V-ing形式出现，叫现在分词或动名词，现在分词表进行或主动：动名词表动作的名称；如果以 V-ed形式出现叫过去分词,表示已发生或被动联系： 表具体的动作将要发生的动作 主动，进行 被动，完成动作的名称表动作的全过程过去分词动名词doingdone现在分词To do非谓语动词以do 为例：非谓语动词一般式进行式完成式过去分词done现在分词动名词doing being donehaving done

2、having been done不定式to do to be doneto be doing to have doneto have been done口诀：非谓语动词123，过去分词最简单，现在分词也好分，动名词形式记心间，不定式形式有三种，“完成”、“进行” 和“一般”, not后接非谓语，解题三步记心间：先要审题找成分，注意两态选答案，最后通读找语感，三点做到题做完。二、命题角度从中观角度把握高考中非谓语动词的核心考查点 1、非谓语的时态和语态 2、非谓语的功能比较 3、独立结构和插入语 4、谓语动词与非谓语的比较5、不定式的省略6、非谓语的主动表被动7、固定句型和惯用语命题角度 1、时

3、态，语态 ：从主语和非谓语动词的关系的角度；2、从谓语动词和非谓语动作发生的先后关系的角度， 时态关系 S +谓语V1+O , 非谓语V2 . 语态关系 三、考点模型从微观角度把握高考中非谓语动词重点考核点考点模型 1）V-ing 动作是主语发出的，与谓语动词1表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生 03)._Why did you go back to the shop ?_ I felt my friend _there A. waiting B. to wait C.wait D. waits 03. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found

4、_in the kichen A .smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoken 04) .After his journey from abroad ,Richard Jones returned home ,_A. exhaust B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted 考点模型 2) having done 动作是主语发出的，非谓语2动作发生在谓语动词1的动作之前。eg 04) _ in the queue for half an hour ,Tome suddenly realized th

5、at he had left his wallet at home .A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited eg (.01)_from heart trouble for years ,Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered eg. (2001 NMET) Do let your mother

6、know all the truth .She appears _everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 考点模型 3) to do 动作是主语发出的，且在谓语动词1之后发生03) The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if_whether he was going in the right direction A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D.to see 03) An

7、 army spokesman stressed that all the soliders had ordered _clear warning before firing any shots A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued 02) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple ,but it remains _whether they will enjoy it A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing

8、D. seen 考点模型 4） done 句中的主语是非谓语V2的逻辑宾语，构成被动关系03).Genrally speaking ,_according to the directions ,the drug has no side effect A.when taking B.when taken C.when to take D. when to be taken 04）_by the beauty of nature , the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm . A. Attracting

9、B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted 04) When first _to the market, these products enjoyed great success A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 04) Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining company, _as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to

10、be known 考点模型 5）插入语，独立结构：指V2有自己独立的逻辑主语的分词结构His work done , he went out for a strollwith + n/pron +非谓语(2002 ) With a lot of difficult problem _.the newly-elected president is having a hard time A. settled B. settling C.to settle D. being settled 考点模型6）谓语动词与非谓语的比较 .谓语 + 并列句 /从句 非谓语， 简单句01）_blood if yo

11、u can and many lives will be saved A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 03) _ time, he ll make a first class tennis player . A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 04) -English has a large vocabulary y, hasnt it ?-Yes ._more words and expression and you will find it easier to read and commun

12、icate A. Know B. Knowing C.To know D. Known 考点模型 7）固定用法：逻辑主语也可能是说话者本人，表示对谈话内容的看法或态度 常见的有 to be honest 老实说 to cut a long short 简单扼要 to get (back) to the point 回到正题 to put it another way 换句话说 ，General speaking Judging from /by Frankly speaking ,Considering To begin with , work fills a good many hours

13、of the day 04) With all the magazines I needed _, I left the post office. A. buying B. to buy C. bought D.to be bought 03) What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night? -I lost my way in complete darkness and, _things worse. it began to pour A. making B. to make C. having made D. ma

14、de 考点模型 8）主语 Its + (no) adj + doing / to do to do 表示主语的“职业，职责，或性质”。不定式作具体动作，表示将来的动作。doing：表示抽象的一般性的行为。 (2003)_the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement A. the president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The presidents attending 04) You were silly n

15、ot _your car A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked Is necessary to complete the design beforeNational Day (MET89) Athis Bthat Cit Dhe key C考点模型9） 表语 S + V (link) +.非谓语.to do 表具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。doing作表语：表示抽象的一般性的行为。doing分词应该是该事物的特征，done分词则是人对该事物的感情或特征。如excite, interest等都是及物动词，是“使得激动”

16、、“使高兴”，“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”， “感到激动的”和“感到高兴”；若人对感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in.，若人/物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth. is interesting。 (2001 NMET) Do let your mother know all the truth .She appears_ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told考点模型10） 定语 +to do ; 定语 + doing/done 的短语; to do动作发生

17、在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,只作后置定语； 过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作; 如：the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定语，意为the sun which was rising） the risen sun 已升起的太阳04）The flowers_ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature A. to smell B. smelling C. smell D. to be smell （2004） I m going to the

18、 supermarket this afternoon .Do you have anything _A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought 考点模型11）宾语 to do 动宾 offer to do, agree, afford , promise, , pretend, manage + to do 介宾 You can not help but/except /besides get your shoes wet but省 todoing 动宾: finish, imagine, suggest, admit, avoid ,

19、enjoy, mind, deny consider, delay, excuse, fancy, forbid, escape, miss, practise require ,permit ,give up, cant help/stand feel like 介宾: 除but/except /besides 之外，其余都可跟V-ing形式object to , keep on, keep sb from /prevent /stop sb from ,put off ,care for ,dream of ,persist in ,be busy in ,succeed in ,insi

20、st on, look forward to ,be good at ,be active in ,be proud of ,be tired of , be afraid of , be terrifed at ,be slow in ,be worth ,be /get used to , warn sb against ,apologize of , do sb the favour of ,form the habit of ,put sb the trouble of ,have difficulty /trouble in ,There is difficulty in ,Its

21、no use /good in（2000）Tony was very unhappy for-_to the party A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited 3. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct4. In some parts of London, missing

22、 a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 考点模型12） 宾补 1. want sb to do, tell, wish, encourage, invite, enable, allow, force, lead 2. 一感，二听，三让，五看observe, look at，半帮助主动省 to 被动还原to He was seen to come into the room 3. I think/ find/consider/feel it important to help

23、 others04）Dont leave the water _while you brush your teeth A. run B. running C. being run D. to run (NMET2003 )The teacher asked us_ so much noiseA. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 考点模型13）状语 目的 句首 In order to catch the bus , he got up early 句中 I stepped aside for the children so a

24、s to passTodo作状语 结果 He is too tired to go any further /tired enough He lifted a stone only to hit his own feet 原因 He was anxious to get home 分词做状语时间 Looking out of window, I saw him coming back=When I looked. The meeting being over, all left the room=When the meeting was over 原因 The teacher being il

25、l ,the lecture was put off =As the teacher was ill 条件 Weather permitting ,we shall get there =If the weather permits 伴随 They walked along the street talking and laughing 考点模型14）不定式的省略：一感，二听，三让，五看 ,宾语+省 to动原:前有do ,后无to ,前无do , 后有to but和except do (does ,did ,have done )nothing but do 如：He does nothing

26、 but laughwhat 主语从句中有 do 时,作表语的 to do 省去toWhat he likes to do is collect stamps Why / why not：04) If you are planning to spend your money having for this week, better _it youve got some big bills coming A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget (2001) Sandy could to do nothing but _to his teach

27、er that he was wrong A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 03) Will you go home tomorrow morning?-No, Im planning _ A. on B. to C. so D. it 考点模型15）非谓语的主动表被动：a.need /want/require/deserve/doing=to be done b.to blame /to let四、高考真题解析：1.（2000北京春招） _ some of this juice perhaps youll like it. A. Tr

28、ying Try C. To try D. Having tried 2. (2000全国) Ive worked with children before ,so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. (2000全国) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out

29、D. to carry out4. (2000上海) Theyve not very good, but we like _. A. anyway to play basketball with them B. to play basketball with them anyway C. to play with them basketball anyway D. with them to play basketball anyway5. (2000上海) He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hopin

30、g C. to hope D. hope 6. (2000上海) _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 7. (2000上海) The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake. A. missing ; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed ; to play8. (2000上海) Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having bee