山东省百所名校届高三下学期份第三次质量监测英语试题含答案.docx

山东省百所名校届高三下学期份第三次质量监测英语试题含答案.docx

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山东省百所名校届高三下学期份第三次质量监测英语试题含答案

高三第三次质量监测

英语

考生注意：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

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Checkoutourseasonticketcalculatortodaytogetstarted.

1.Whatisthefeatureoftravelingoff-peakbytrainintheUK?

A.Thetrainsaretoocrowded.

B.Trainticketsareoftensoldout.

C.Therearemorepassengersatthistime.

D.Thetraveltimeperiodsarerelativelyunoccupied.

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A.Callaheadandask.

B.ChecktheAmericanapp.

C.Refertothepricepredictiontool.

D.Downloadtheseasonticketcalculator.

3.Whatistheauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Toadvertisetrainservices.

B.Toencouragepassengerstotravelabroad.

C.Tohelpvisitorsspendlessmoneyonrailwaytickets.

D.Toofferservicestothetrainpassengersontheway.

B

ThatyoungstersweregluedtoonlinegamesontheirsmartphoneswasagreatconcernforNgurangMeena,aschoolteacherinNirjuli.The30-year-oldsocialscienceteacher,whorantheNgurangLearningInstitute,anadultliteracycentre,saidthatshefeltdisheartenedwhenshereadstudentpapers.“Thegraphofstudentperformanceisfallingeveryyear.ItbreaksmyheartwheneverIseeanswersheets--basicgrammarskillsaremissingandthere'sanabsenceofanycohesive（连贯性的）expression.Theylackguidanceandreadingcultureisalmostzero,”Meenasaid.Whenherschoolandthecentresheranhadtocloseduetoinfectiousdiseases,sheplannedtodosomethingtoaddresstheproblem.

InspiredbyasimilarproposalinMizoram,Meenasetupabookshelfwitharound80booksaswellassomebenchesonthesideoftheroadinNirjulionAugust30th,2020,wherepassers-bycouldspendtimereading.Theselectionsincludedmotivationalbooks,biographiesandnovelsaswellascomicsforyoungchildren.“Ihavetopleasetheminorswithsweetstositandread,butthatisokay,”shelaughed.

Meena'sbookshelfbecameahitamongyoungsterswhospenthoursinthereadingcorner.Withintwomonths,hereffortbecamethetalkofthetown.

Now,generouscontributionsofbookscomeinfromthepublicandsheisevenreceivingrequeststosetupsuchlibrariesinotherpartsofthestate,includingoneinthecapital,Itana-gar.Sincethetinylibrariesarefarfromthemaintown,shealsolendsbooksouttothosewhowanttoreadathome.

“Ineverthoughtthatthiswouldbecomesuchabiginspiration,”Meenasaid.“Sincechildhood,wehavebeentoldthatbooksareourbestfriends.Thenextgenerationofkidsisfocusedongamesandotherthings.Idon'twantthemtoheadonthewrongtrack,”sheadded.

4.What'stheaimofMeena'sreadingprogram?

A.Tocareforyoungsterslackinginreading.

B.Tohelpadultslearnsomecohesiveexpression.

C.TokeepNgurangLearningInstituterunningwell.

D.Tohighlighttheimportanceofreadingforadults.

5.WhatdidMeenadotoencourageyoungkidstoreadmore?

A.Sheofferedsomerewardstothem.

B.Sheprovidedthemwithtransportation.

C.Shechosenovelswithbeautifulcovers.

D.Sheselectedbookscoveringeverycategory.

6.WhichwordscanbestdescribeMeena'slibraries?

A.Smallanduseless.B.Influentialandmeaningful.

C.Largebutimpractical.D.Widespreadbutunwelcome.

7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Books:

SourcesofKnowledgeB.TheRoadsideReadingCorner

C.TheLibrary:

aParadisefortheYoungD.NewIdeasaboutSettingaReadingPlan

C

WhileweknowthatlanguagefirstappearedamongHomosapiens（智人）somewherethousandsofyearsago,thesecrettohowlanguageevolvedisstillunknown,andmainstreamtheoriesfallintotwodistinctlydifferentcamps.

Onewidelyheldtheoryisthatlanguagecameaboutasanevolutionaryadaptation.Thatwaswheretheideaofnaturalselectioncameintoplay,whichwasthebeliefthatthespecificphysicalfeaturesofapopulationmadethatpopulationmorelikelytosurviveitsenvironment,liketheturtle（海龟）anditsshell.Ononehand,humansneededtocommunicatewitheachotherinordertohunt，farmanddefendthemselvessuccessfullyfromthesurroundingsevereenvironment.Beingabletocommunicatebyusinglanguagegavethehumanspeciesadistinctsurvivaladvantage.Ontheotherhand,languagewasneededforsocialinteraction,accordingtothosewhosubscribedtotheadaptationtheory.

Intheirpaper“NaturalLanguageandNaturalSelection,”researchersStevenPinkerandPaulBloomtheorizedthataseriesofcallsorgesturesevolvedovertimeintocombinations,givinguscomplexcommunication,orlanguage.Asthingsbecamemorecomplicatedaroundthem，humansneededamorecomplexsystemtoconveyinformationtooneanother.Earlymansawagroupofdeerhewantedtohunt.Hemadeasoundtohishuntingpartnerthatmeans“deerarenearby.”Oneday,astormcameinandthehunternoticedthatthunderscaredthedeeraway.Asaresult,thehunterwenthungryuntilthestormpassed.Overtime,thesamehunteralsolearnedtorecognizethewarningsignsforbadweather--darkskiesandincreasedwind.Earlymanrealizedthatwhentheskydarkenedandthewindpickedup,heneededtotellhishuntingpartnertospeedupthepursuitofthedeer.Therefore,hecameupwithaseriesofsoundsthatrefertoboththedeerandthebadweather.Thatseriesofsoundswasthebeginningofanevolutionaryadaptationthateventuallybecamelanguage.

Ashumanslearnedmoreabouthowtobestsurvive,theydevelopedaneedtoconveythesesurvivalmethodstotheirpopulation.Tobebrief,that'stheadaptationtheory.

8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theevolutionoflanguage.

B.Thepaperonnaturalselection.

C.Thedifferencesbetweentheories.

D.Theintroductiontohumanreproduction.

9.Whyaretheturtleanditsshellmentionedinparagraph2?

A.Toshowthemysteryofnature.

B.Tosupporttheevolutionaryadaptation.

C.Tostresstheadvantageoftheturtlesshell.

D.Toencouragepeopletostudynaturalselection.

10.Howdoestheauthorexplaintheadaptationtheoryinparagraph3?

A.Bycomparing.B.Bylistingdata.

C.Bycarryingoutasurvey.D.Bygivinganexample.

11.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytellusnext?

A.Theexactplacewherehumanscamefrom.

B.Theothertheoryofhowlanguageevolved.

C.Thereasonswhyanimalscannotformlanguage.

D.Themethodsofhumans'shapingnon-verbalthinking.

D

Acheapprintedsensorcouldtransmitwildfirewarnings.Wildfireshaverecentlydestroyedregionsacrosstheworld,andtheirgravityisincreasing.Hopingtoreduceharm,researchersledbyYapeiWang，aChinesechemistofRenminUniversity,saytheyhavedevelopedaninexpensivesensortodetectsuchfiresearlierwithlesseffort.

Currentdetectionmethodsrelyheavilyonhumanwatchfulness,whichcandelayaneffectiveresponse.Mostwildfiresarereportedbythegeneralpublic,andotheralertscomefromroutinefootpatrolsandwatchtowerobservers.Passingplanesandsatellitesalsooccasionallyspotsomething，but“thefirefirstappearsontheground,”Wangsays.“Whenyouseethefirefromthesky,itistoolate.”

Theteamsaysitsnewsensorcanbeplacedneartreetrunks'basesandsendawirelesssignaltoanearbyreceiverifthereisadramatictemperatureincrease.Thatheatalsopowersthesensoritself,withoutreplacingbatteries.Theteamprintedthesubstancesontoordinarypapertocreateasensorforjust$0.40.

Butimprovingcoordinationamongthedifferentagenciesinvolvedinfirefightingisevenmorecrucialtoaddress,saysGrahamKent,anearthquakeexpertattheUniversityofNevada,Reno,whowasnotpartofthestudy.KentisdirectorofALERTWildfire,anetworkthatusescamerasandcrowdsourcingtowatchforfiresinCalifornia,NevadaandOregon.“Thewholewaythatyourespondtoafireuntilit'sputoutislikeaballet,”hesays.“You'dhavetochoreograph（设计）itjustso,withresourcespreciselyallocatedattherighttimeandplacefromdetectiontoconfirmationtoassignmenttoextinguishment（熄灭）.Firedetectionisjuststepone.”

Wangsayshisteam'snextstepsaretoextendthedevice'ssignalrangebeyondthecurrent100meters,whichcanlimitpracticaluse,andtodevelopaprotectiveshieldforit.TheTra