考研英语基础班词汇讲义李伟.docx

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考研英语基础班词汇讲义李伟.docx

考研英语基础班词汇讲义李伟

2013届考研英语词汇基础讲义

EnglishVocabularyinComprehensionPeriod

1.考研英语词汇总述(怎么考)----------------------------------------------2

2.考研词汇说文解字(怎么学)----------------------------------------------3

3.考研词汇综合应用(怎么用)---------------------------------------------7

4.附录:

考研英语题源资料推荐--------------------------------------------13

重复是记忆之母,理解是记忆之父。

NETEM☆2013

李伟

 

1.考研英语词汇总述(怎么考)

1.1英语作为外语(EFL)词汇学习介绍

艾宾浩斯记忆与遗忘曲线

1.2词汇学习误区

※死记硬背;

※只记字面意思,忽视单词的其他意义;

※单一的记忆方法;

※词汇记忆缺少主次之分;

※词典工具书使用不当。

1.3考研词汇考查方式与学习策略

※二元单词学习法;

※语义场学习法;

※基于文本学习法;

※基于构词法学习法。

2.考研词汇说文解字(怎么学)

2.1精选词缀

第一辑:

表示否定

第二辑:

一正一邪

第三辑:

一前一后

第四辑:

上上下下

第五辑:

由远及近

第一辑表示否定

用法

前缀名称

单词举例

 

un-

unlock,unwilling

non-

non-stop,non-smoker

in-

inadequate,infamous

im-

immature,immortal

ir-

irregular,irrelevant

il-

illegal,illiterate

ig-

ignorant,ignoble

dis-

disable,disbelieve

di-

differ,divert

de-

defrost,denuclearization

mis-

misfortune,misunderstanding

mal-

malfunction,malnutrition

ab-

abnormal

a-

atypical,apolitical,amoral

anti-

antisocial

under-

under-nutrition

第二辑一正一邪

用法

前缀名称

单词举例

pro-

=

forward

progress

propose

de-

=

down,downward

degrade

depreciate

degeneration

destruction

第三辑一前一后

用法

前缀名称

单词举例

pre-

=

before

preschool

prefer

precaution

re-

=

again,back

renew

revive

refresh

第四辑上上下下

用法

前缀名称

单词举例

over-

=above,across,beyond

overestimate

overburden

overcrowded

super-/sur-/sop-/sove-

=above,over

superstructure

superior

surplus

sub-

=under

subtitle

subway

under-

=under

underestimate

under-abundant

第五辑由远及近

用法

前缀名称

单词举例

 

tele-=faroff

television,telescope

inter-/enter-/intel-

=between,among

interfere,international

ex-/e-

=out(of)

exit,external,eject

com-/con-/co-/cor-/col-

=together

co-operation,coordinate

em-/en-

=in/into,make/give

enclose,enlarge,enrich

in-/im-

=in,into,on

include,indoor,intake

per-

=through,away

perpetual,

persist,perennial

2.2精选词根

第一辑:

千言万语

第二辑:

看书识字

第三辑:

自己动手

第四辑:

来来往往

第五辑:

明知故放

第六辑:

川流不息

第七辑:

手到擒来

第八辑:

其他词根

第一辑千言万语

1.claim,clam=cry,shout喊叫

【例词】exclaim:

呼喊,惊叫

2.dict=say言,说,也作dic

【例词】contradict:

反驳,同…相矛盾,与…相抵触

3.log=speak言,说;另注:

logu=speak

【例词】eloquent:

有口才的,雄辩的,有说服力的

第二辑看书识字

4.spect=look看;也作spic,spec

【例词】retrospect:

回顾,追溯

5.vis,vid=see看

【例词】invisible:

看不见的

6.gram=write,draw写,画,文字,图形,也作graph

【例词】telegram:

电报

7.liter=letter文字,字母

【例词】illiteracy:

不识字,文盲,未受教育,无知

第三辑自己动手

8.ag=do,act做,动

【例词】agent:

代理人

9.fact=do,make做;也作fac,fec

【例词】manufacture:

制造,加工

10.mob=move动

【例词】immobile:

不动的,固定的

11.oper=work工作

【例词】co-operate:

合作,协作

第四辑来来往往

12.ced=go行走,也作ceed,cess

【例词】intercession:

居间调停,调解,说情

13.cept=take拿,取

【例词】intercept:

截取,截击,拦截,截断

14.cur,curs,cour,cours=run跑

【例词】incursion:

进入,侵入,入侵,侵犯

15.fer=bring,carry带,拿

【例词】transfer:

转移,传递,转让

16.gress=go,walk行走

【例词】retrogress:

后退,退步,退化

17.it=go行走

【例词】exit:

出口,退出,太平门

18.port=carry拿,带,运

【例词】transportation:

运送,运输,客运,货运

19.ven=come来

【例词】intervene:

干预,干涉,介入

第五辑明知故放

20.cogn=know知道

【例词】cognition:

认识,认知

21.sci=know知

【例词】conscious:

有意识的,自觉的

22.pon=put放置

【例词】postpone:

退后,推迟,延期

23.pos=put放置

【例词】expose:

揭露,揭发,使…暴露

第六辑川流不息

24.flu=flow流

【例词】superfluous:

过剩的,多余的

25.fus=pour灌,流,倾泻

【例词】transfuse:

移注,灌输,输(血)

第七辑手到擒来

26.hibit=hold拿,持,握

【例词】exhibit:

展出,展览,陈列,展示

27.tain,ten,tin=hold握,持,守

【例词】maintain:

保持,保存,维持

第八辑其他词根

28.ann=year年,也作enn

【例词】anniversary:

周年纪念日,周年纪念

29.bell=war战争

【例词】rebel:

反叛,反抗

30.brev=short短

【例词】abbreviation:

缩写,缩短,节略,缩写词

31.clar=clear清楚,明白

【例词】clarify:

讲清楚,阐明,澄清

32.cord=heart心

【例词】discord:

不一致,不协调,不和

33.liber=free自由

【例词】liberate:

解放,使获自由,释放

34.miss=send投,送,发;也作mit,mis

【例词】transmit:

传送,播送,发送

35.nomin=name名

【例词】nominate:

提名,任命

36.tract=draw拉,抽,引

【例词】tractor:

拖拉机

37.vac=empty空,也作vacu

【例词】evacuate:

撤走,疏散,撤离

3.考研词汇综合应用—怎么用

【真题应用示范】

冷僻词汇

1.同位释义

Euthanasia,oftencalledmercykilling,hasnowbeeninpracticeinsomecountriesevenifitisstillacontroversy.

Obesity,orfatness,hasbecomeaglobalepidemicaffectingthelivesandhealthofmillionsofpeople.

About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.

2.逻辑释义

Onpassingthroughtheprism,therayoflightwastransformedintoarowofsevencolors:

red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,andviolet.

JanewastalkingwithothersallthetimewhileElizaremainedreticentallthetime.

Stonesareabetterconductorofheatthansoil.Orputitanotherway,soilisabetterinsulatorthanrock.

Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.

Sheisstudyingglaucomaandotherdiseasesoftheeye.

3.偏正释义

Theexplorersdecidedthatthiswasafossilofanextinctanimalthatoncelivedbutdoesnotexistnow.

4.近义释义

Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaternal(fatherly)wisdom–oratleastconfirmthathe’sthekid’sdad.Allheneedstodoisshellout$30forpaternitytestingkit(PTK)athislocaldrugstore–andanother$120togettheresults.

…paternityandkinshiptesting…

…ancestrytesting…

…genetictesting…

…DNAtesting…

5.语音释义

外来词:

Hormone,Mahjong,koala,éclair,madam,delta,ElNino,

应用词汇

1.熟词僻义

Hotair.

Hotcell

Hotdebate

It’sveryhothere!

Iamhot!

Reasoningplaysadecisiveroleinthedebate.

Theexecutivesaregoingtosummerattheseasidenextweek.

Thisphenomenonclearlymirrorsaterriblesocialcrisis:

……

Thistrendechoedbythechartcanbeviewedasanoptimisticchangeinourdailylife.

Theseseeminglybrutalanimalswon’tattackunlesstheyarecornered.

Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,psychology,andsociology.

2.热点词汇

【范例一】

Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.….Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite,”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.

Rodrigueznotesthat…,yet“someAmericans…tothenation’sassimilativepower.”

(2006年阅读第1篇)

21.Theword“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans________.

[A]identifying

[B]associating

[C]assimilating(C)

[D]monopolizing

【范例二】

Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeconnotation.(2009年阅读第1篇)

21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing

[A].casual

[B].familiar

[C].mechanical

[D].changeable

【范例三】

Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.

Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:

Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.….(2008年阅读第3篇)

31.WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleto____.

[A]illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.

[B]showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S..

[C]comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.

[D]assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.

【范例四】

Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthat…andtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.(2003年阅读第3篇)

51.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause________.

[A]costreductionisbasedoncompetition

[B]servicescallforcross-tradecoordination

[C]outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist(C)

[D]shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat

【范例五】

….Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.(2003年阅读第3篇)

53.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that________.

[A]shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

[B]therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide

[C]overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief(C)

[D]agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness

【范例六】

In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw-havingextractedthemfromthemonthsofhisslaves.

That’sfardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks…….(2008年阅读第4篇)

36.GeorgeWashington’sdentalsurgeryismentionedto____.

[A]showtheprimitivemedicalpract

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