高三英语语法第一轮精讲精练复习题 非谓语动词.docx
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高三英语语法第一轮精讲精练复习题非谓语动词
高三英语语法第一轮精讲精练复习题非谓语动词
不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句,不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。
1.不定式用来作目的状语:
作目的状语时,不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语,这里往往译作“为了,想要”。
Tobeawinner,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.要想成为赢家,你要付出所有并竭尽全力。
2.不定式用于so...asto...,such...asto;enoughto;too...to;onlyto等结构中作结果状语。
Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle?
你能不能行行好,借给我你的自行车?
Heissuchafoolastothinkthathisstrangebehaviourcaninflectothers.他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。
Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytohavebeentoldalltheticketshadbeensoldout.
他匆忙去了售票处,结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。
提醒:
“only+todo”表示出乎意料的结果,tell和主语He之间存在动宾关系,因而应用不定式的被动结构。
而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。
Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.
他的父母去世了,使他成为孤儿。
3.过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样,修饰主句的谓语动词,意义上相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。
Giventherightkindoftraining,theseteenagersoccerplayersmayonedaygrowintointernationalstars.
如果得到正确的训练,这些少年足球选手有朝一日可能成为国际明星。
Remindednottomisstheflightat15∶20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.
提醒不要错过15∶20的航班,他匆忙出发过了机场。
4.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中。
此时这些过去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,这样的词有:
lost(迷路的),seated(坐),hidden(躲),lost/absorbedin(沉溺于),dressedin(穿着),tiredof(感到厌倦)等,不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。
Lostinthemountainsforaweek,wewerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.
在大山里迷失一个星期,我们最终被当地警察所救。
Absorbedinhisbook,hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.
专心读书,他没注意到我进入房间。
5.动词的ing短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。
动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。
Beingill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.
因为生病,他不能去上学。
(原因)
Mycarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.
我的车被交通拥挤堵住,所以延误了。
(结果)
Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,notmoving,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.(伴随)
当交通路灯变绿灯时,我站了一会儿,一动不动,自问要做什么事。
6.现在分词有:
一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式,每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。
一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作;被动式(beingdone)表示正在进行的被动的动作;完成式(havingdone)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作;完成被动式(havingbeingdone)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。
Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.
没有得到答复,他决定再写信去。
Theoldman,havingworkedabroadfortwentyyears,camebacktohismotherland.(work与句子的主语Theoldman之间存在主谓关系,而且work这一动作发生在谓语动作之前)
在国外工作了二十年,这位老人回到了祖国。
Havingbeenscoldedmanytimes,hedeterminedtostudyhardtocatchupwithothers.
多次被批评之后,他决定努力学习赶上他人。
7.有一些固定结构,如:
generallyspeaking,takingeverythingintoconsideration,judgingfrom/by等,无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。
Takingeverythingintoconsideration,theresultisbetterthanexpected.
把一切因素考虑进去,结果比预料的要好。
Judgingfromwhathesaid,hemustbeanhonestman.
从他说的话来判断,他一定是一位诚实的人。
8.现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别:
如果是意义上的主谓关系,一般用动词ing形式;如果是意义上的动宾关系,则一般用过去分词。
Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksevenmorebeautiful.从山顶上看,这个公园显得更加美丽。
(see与主语thepark之间存在动宾关系)
Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wefindtheparkevenmorebeautiful.
从山顶上看,我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。
(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系)
9.现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。
Therearetworoadsbeforeus,oneleadingtothebeach,theothertothepark.
在我们面前有两条路,一条通向沙滩,另一条通向公园。
10.过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系,表示该动作的被动或完成。
Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruitgrownonhisownfarm.
早饭他只喝自己农场种植的新鲜水果榨出来的果汁。
11.动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。
WeareinvitedtoapartytobeheldinourclubnextFriday.
我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。
12.过去分词作宾语补足语:
过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。
I’llhavemyhousepaintedtomorrow.
明天我会让人把我的房子粉刷一下。
(被动)
WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyfallenleaves.
当我打开门时,我发现地面被落叶所覆盖。
13.现在分词作宾语补足语:
现在分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。
现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行的主动动作,即动作过程的一个部分。
可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。
Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficrunningsmoothly.他们使用电脑使交通畅通无阻。
14.havesth.done=getsth.done使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)
I’llhave/getmybikerepairedtomorrow.
我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。
MrSmithhadhishousebrokenintowhilehewasawayonholiday.
史密斯先生在度假期间,他家的房子被别人破门而入。
注意:
havesb.doing若用于否定句中,其中have有“容忍”之意。
Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.
我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。
练习题:
1.—Hurryup,Mary!
It’stimetogo.
—I’mgetting________.Havealittlepatience.
A.dress B.dressing
C.todress D.dressed
2.Ihavealotofreadings________beforetheendofthisterm.
A.completing B.tocomplete
C.completed D.beingcompleted
3.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew________withallbyourselveseveryday.
A.deal B.dealt
C.todeal D.dealing
4.Everyyear,Tomrememberstohavesomeflowers________tohermotheronherbirthday.
A.send B.sent
C.sending D.beingsent
5.Dina,________formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.
A.struggling B.struggled
C.havingstruggled D.tostruggle
6.________atmyclassmates’faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.
A.Looking B.Look
C.Tolook D.Looked
7.________awrittenpermission,hehadtowriteanotherlettertothepresidentoftheuniversity.
A.Notgiving B.Nothavingbeengiven
C.Havingnotgiven D.Havingnotbeengiven
8.Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant________.
A.todealwith B.dealingwith
C.tobedealtwith D.dealtwith
9.Ihadgreatdifficulty________thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.
A.find B.found
C.tofind D.finding
10.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleagues________withherstories.
A.amused B.amusing
C.toamuse D.tobeamused
11.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand________lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.
A.beingweighed B.toweigh
C.weighed D.weighing
12.Wewereastonished________thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.
A.finding B.tofind
C.find D.tobefound
13.MrsWhiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps________fromthelibrary.
A.toborrow B.tobeborrowed
C.borrowed D.borrowing
14.Hisfirstbook________nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.
A.published B.tobepublished
C.topublish D.beingpublished
15.Theladywalkedaroundtheshops,________aneyeoutforbargains.
A.keep B.kept
C.keeping D.tokeep
16.InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained________abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.
A.sticking B.stuck
C.tobestuck D.tohavestuck
17.Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready________foramealtobecooked.
A.laid B.laying
C.tolay D.beinglaid
18.—Hurryup,Mary!
It’stimetogo.
—I’mgetting________.Havealittlepatience.
A.dress B.dressing
C.todress D.dressed
19.Ihavealotofreadings________beforetheendofthisterm.
A.completing B.tocomplete
C.completed D.beingcompleted
20.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew________withallbyourselveseveryday.
A.deal B.dealt
C.todeal D.dealing
21.Everyyear,Tomrememberstohavesomeflowers________tohermotheronherbirthday.
A.send B.sent
C.sending D.beingsent
22.Dina,________formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.
A.struggling B.struggled
C.havingstruggled D.tostruggle
23.________atmyclassmates’faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.
A.Looking B.Look
C.Tolook D.Looked
24.______awrittenpermission,hehadtowriteanotherlettertothepresidentoftheuniversity.
A.Notgiving B.Nothavingbeengiven
C.Havingnotgiven D.Havingnotbeengiven
25.Thescientistwasrewardedbythegovernmentfor________suchagreatcontributiontothecountry.
A.make B.making
C.beingmade D.havingmade
26.ApowerfulearthquakestruckHaiti’scapital,_______tensofthousandshomelessandburiedinruins.
A.left B.toleave
C.beingleft D.leaving
27.Whentheministercametothesnowstrickenarea,hewashappytoseethedisastervictimswell________.
A.takecareof B.tookcareof
C.takencareof D.takingcareof
28.AfewdaysaftertheinterviewIreceivedaletter_____myadmissiontotheuniversity.
A.offering B.offered
C.havingoffered D.tobeoffered
29.Canyouimaginewhatdifficultypeoplehadthisyear______againsttheseverenaturaldisasters?
A.fighting B.tofight
C.fought D.fight
30.—HowdoyouChinesecelebrateMidautumnDay?
—Well,itdepends.Forme,Iusuallysitintheyard,__thefullmoonwithmyfamily.
A.appreciating B.admiring
C.appreciated D.toadmire
31.CaoCao’stombisreported________inAnyang,whichattractsnationwideattention.
A.beingfound B.tobefound
C.havingbeenfound D.tohavebeenfound
32.Aftersufferingaheartattack,MichaelJacksonwaspronounceddead,______atragicendtotheworld’smostpopularentertainer.
A.marking B.tomark
C.marked D.havingmarked
33.YoucanhardlyimaginetheeffortsIhavemade________thegoal.
A.toachieve B.ofachieving
C.toofachieving D.tohaveachieved
34.WhenIcamein,IfoundLucy________bythewindow________tomusic.
A.seated;listening B.seated;listened
C.seating;listened D.seating;listening
35.Thecounty,_______inthenorthofShanxi,hasahistoryofmorethan1,400years.
A.located B.tobelocated
C.beinglocated D.locating
36.Itwasreportedthat115miners________inthefloodedmineforeightdayswerepulledaliveatlast.
A.trapped B.beingtrapped
C.weretrapped D.hadtrapped
37.Chinaisknown_______greatlyintermsofitsculturalvaluesoverthepastfewyears.
A.tochange B.havingchanged
C.changing D.tohavechanged
38.________fromtheoperation,thepatientwasadvisedtostayinhospitalforanothertwoweeks.
A.Havingnotfullyrecovered
B.Beingnotfullyrecovered
C.Nothavingfullyrecovered
D.Notfullyrecovering
39.—Becareful!
Don’tforgetyouareonaladder.
—Butyouareholdingitforme,nothing________.
A.worryabout B.toworryabout
C.isworriedabout D.worryingabout
40.Thereweremanytalentedactorsoutth