高考英语语法专题复习之非谓语.docx
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高考英语语法专题复习之非谓语
人教版高考英语语法专题
非谓语
定义:
不作谓语的特殊动词形式,包括todo;doing;done三种形式。
Ø怎么理解这个概念呢?
请指出下列句子的谓语动词和非谓语动词:
1.WorkhardandyousurelywillbeadmittedbyXiamenUniversity.
2.Isawateenagerwateringatthesightofacelebrity.(名人)
3.Isawateenagerbittenbyadog.
4.Iaskedtheteenagertowatchovermybaggage.
5.ImadefulluseofmyfreetimetolearnEnglish.
【结论】
非谓语动词具体形式
表达的含义
todo
主动;进行
doing
被动;完成
done
主动;将来;目的
todo不定式讲解
不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to也可省略。
不定式一般有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例):
主动式
被动式
一般式
todo
tobedone
完成式
tohavedone
tohavebeendone
进行式
tobedoing
/
完成进行式
tohavebeendoing
/
1.不定式的一般式
不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。
如:
Theyinvitedustogotherethissummer. Hestoodasideformetopass.
2.不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语,有时也可作主语、定语等。
如:
Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.
Ithasbeenanhonorformetohavetraveledsomuchinyourcountry.
Thestormissaidtohavecausedalotofdamage.
3.不定式的进行式
不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。
如:
Hepretendedtobelisteningtotheteachercarefully.
Wedidn’texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.
4.不定式的完成进行式
如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作,就需要用完成进行式。
如:
TheyaresaidtohavebeenworkinginTibetfor20years.
5.不定式的被动式:
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式。
不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系,有一般式和完成时两种。
1.一般式tobedone
Heaskedtobesenttotheplacewherehewasmostneeded.他要求被派往最需要他的地方。
2.完成式tohavebeendone
Thenovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。
6.动词不定式的否定形式
由not或never+不定式构成Trynottobelateagainnexttime.
随堂练习
1.The boy pretended ________ when his mother came in.
A.tosleepB.tobe sleepingC.sleepD.sleeping
2.Therearestillmanyproblems______beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.
A.solvingB.tosolveC.beingsolvedD.tobesolved
3.ThereisnothingmoreIcantry_________________(persuade)youtostay,soIwishyougoodluck.
4.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone___________________(repair)firstisthelibrary.
5.WeareinvitedtoapartyheldinourclubnextFriday.
6.HarrisonFordisthoughttobeoneofthefewmoviestarstoworkasacarpenter(木匠)before.
doing讲解
-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。
-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表几种形式(以do为例):
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
doing
beingdone
完成式
havingdone
havingbeendone
1.-ing分词的一般式和完成式:
-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作;完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
如:
Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks. 作为一个学生,他对书本很感兴趣。
Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格。
2.-ing分词的被动式:
-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。
根据-ing分词动作发生的时间,-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(beingdone)和完成被动式(havingbeendone)。
如:
Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Henevertalkedabouthishavingbeeninterviewedbythereporter. 他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。
Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking. 被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了。
3.-ing分词的否定形式是由not+-ing分词构成
Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着。
Hisnotcomingmadeallofusangry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。
随堂练习
1.________yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.
A.UnderstandingB.TobeunderstoodC.BeingunderstoodD.Havingunderstood
2.__________theassignmentmadehisfatherlosehistemper.
A.Theboy’snothavingdoneB.Theboynothavingdone
C.Theboy’shavingnotdoneD.Theboyhavingnotdone
3.(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.
4.____________(see)fromthemountain,wefindXiamenveryattractive.
5.Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsports.
6.Thenextthinghesawwassmokerosefrombehindthehouse.
Done讲解
过去分词的变化形式只有一种:
done
done表示两方面的含义:
1.被动2.被动且动作在谓语动作之前已完成
动词的-ed形式的否定形式
动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never+动词的-ed形式构成。
Notallowedtogoin,hehadtowaitoutside.不允许他进去,他只好在外面等着。
Neverinvitedtohisparty,shegotangrywithhim.从未被邀请过去他的聚会,她很生气。
随堂练习
1.TsinghuaUniversity,______in1911,ishometoa greatnumberofoutstandingfigures.
A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded
2.Clairehadherluggage______anhourbeforeherplaneleft.
A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.checked
3.Sinceyoucan’tmaketheclass(understand)whatyousayinEnglish,youcanmakeyourself______________(understand)inChinese.
4.Theboysurroundingbycrowdshasagiftformusic.
考点梳理---非谓语做成分
非谓语做主语的情况
非谓语中只有doing和todo充当主语
(备注:
doing表示习惯性的,todo表示具体的,一次性的,但改错填词基本上不会考到这个区别,只做了解)
※典型例题:
例如:
swimmingismyfavoritesport.
Toswimismytoday’splan.
填词练习
1.(do)afavorforsomeonecouldgetyouintotrouble.
2.(jog)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.
3.Heisverystubborn(固执的).It’snouse(argue)withhim.
改错练习
1.LearntospeakEnglishismoredifficultthantowriteit.
2.Idon’tthinkplayismoreimportantthanstudying.
3.Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.
非谓语做定语的情况
①现在分词与过去分词的区别根据动词与所修饰的名词主被动关系或动作完成与否来判断
②表情绪的分词形容词化用法。
※典型例题:
1.Thequestionbeingdiscussednowatthemeetingisveryimportant.
2.Thequestiondiscussedatthemeetinglastweekisveryimportant.
3.Thequestiontobediscussedatthemeetingnextweekisveryimportant.
4.Ifoundthegameexciting.
填词练习
1.---Thelastone(arrive)paysthemeal.---Agree!
2.Thetrees(blow)inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.
3.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow(say)hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.
改错练习
1. Whathedidwaspuzzled.
2.Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysterieslookinto.
3.Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeasbirthdaygifts.
非谓语做状语
※典型例句:
Borninapoorfamily,theboycouldnotgotoschool.
Hearingthebadnews,sheburstintotears.
Seenfromthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.
Tosavethechild,helaiddownhislife.=Helaiddownhislifetosavethechild.
填词练习
1.(walk)inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.
2.(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.
3.Theflowerswilldieunless(water)everyday.
改错练习
1. Followingbytheofficers,thegeneralinspected(视察)thearmy.
2.Seeingfromthemountain,Xiamenisanattractivecity.
3.Davewasaworker,livedinasmallapartmentnearBoston.
非谓语做宾语
①特殊动词+doing/todo做宾语
※典型例句:
1.Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.
2.Theydidn'tmindbeingtreatedlikeguests.
3.Ihopetoseeyouagain.
4.Hechoosestostudyabroad.
填词练习
1.Itwassillyofyou(believe)whathesaid.
2.---CanIsmokehere?
---Sorry.Wedon’tallow(smoke)here.
3.DavidandIwanted(go)offtofindhelpbutBillinsistedonstayingnearthecar.
4.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.
5.Susanwantedtobeindependent.Soshetried(live)alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.
6.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.
改错练习
1.It’sverydifficultforaforeignerlearnChinese.
2.Thefilmisveryinteresting.Itisworthseetwice.
3.Iwavedtoherbutfailedattractherattention.
4.Inthosedayswewereforcedworktwelvehoursaday.
5.Ihadalwayswantedreturntothevillageaftermovingaway.
6.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.
7.Look,someofmyclassmatesarepracticingspeakEnglishoverthere.
②介词+doing,但是but/except+todo
※典型例句:
1. Youwillhavetopaythecostofsendingapostcard.
2.Iwanttothankyouagainforhavingmeinyourhomeforthesummerholidays.
3.Theteachermadenocommentsexcepttotellhimtoworkhard.
4.Hehadnochoicebuttositthereasusual.
填词练习
1.Didyouhavetroublein(find)thepostoffice?
2.Ibelievethat’sthebestwaytopreventsuchathingfrom(happen)again.
3.Sandycoulddonothingbut(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong.
4.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek(watch)TV.
改错练习
1.Thelostchilddesirednothingbutgoinghome.
2.Afterlearnthebasicsofthesubject,nothingelseseemedverypracticaltome.
3.It’slikegoingtoahugelibrarywithouthavetowalkaroundtofindyourbooks.
4.Idreamofstandingontheplatformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboysandgirls.
五.非谓语做宾补
①感官动词后的非谓语宾补形式
②使役动词后的非谓语宾补形式
③特殊动词后的非谓语宾补形式(Vt.+sb.+todo)
例:
Iheardthemsingyesterday.昨天我听见他们唱歌了。
Iheardthechildrenshoutingupstairs.我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。
IheardtheNinthSymphonyplayedlastnight.昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。
Hemade/hadmelaugh.=Hegetsmetolaugh.=Heleavesmetolaugh.
Thebossgot/left/hademployeesworkingallthetime.
Canyoumake/have/gettheworkfinishedintime?
Sheaskedmetoanswerthephoneinherabsence.她请我在她不在的时候接电话。
Pleaseremindmetoleaveherthisnote.请提醒我留给她这张纸条。
填词练习
1.Shefeltherself_______(misunderstand)byherfriends.
2.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire(burn)allnight.
3.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher(grow)upfromchildhood.
4.Myparentshavealwaysmademe(feel)goodaboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.
5.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish(speak)asmuchaswecan.
6.Energydrinksarenotallowed(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.
改错练习
1.Listen!
Doyouhearsomeonecallforhelp?
2.Don’tleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.
3.…andletyoutokno