高考英语语法专题复习之非谓语.docx

1、高考英语语法专题复习之非谓语人教版高考英语语法专题 非谓语定义：不作谓语的特殊动词形式，包括to do; doing; done三种形式。 怎么理解这个概念呢？请指出下列句子的谓语动词和非谓语动词：1. Work hard and you surely will be admitted by Xiamen University.2. I saw a teenager watering at the sight of a celebrity. (名人)3. I saw a teenager bitten by a dog.4. I asked the teenager to watch over

2、 my baggage.5. I made full use of my free time to learn English.【结论】非谓语动词具体形式表达的含义to do主动；进行doing被动；完成done主动；将来；目的to do 不定式讲解不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成, 在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般有时态和语态的变化, 通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例)：主动式被动式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/1. 不定式的一般式

3、不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如： They invited us to go there this summer. He stood aside for me to pass. 2. 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country. T

4、he storm is said to have caused a lot of damage.3. 不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如：He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here. 4. 不定式的完成进行式如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行式。如：They are said to have been working in Ti

5、bet for 20 years. 5. 不定式的被动式： 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成时两种。 1一般式 to be done He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed. 他要求被派往最需要他的地方。 2完成式 to have been done The novel is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。6. 动

6、词不定式的否定形式由not或never+不定式构成 Try not to be late again next time. 随堂练习1. Theboypretended_whenhismothercamein.A. to sleep B. to besleeping C. sleep D. sleeping2. There are still many problems _before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A. solving B. to solve C. being solved D. to be solved3. There i

7、s nothing more I can try _(persuade) you to stay, so I wish you good luck.4. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _(repair) first is the library. 5. We are invited to a party held in our club next Friday. 6. Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars to work as a car

8、penter(木匠) before.doing 讲解-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）：主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done1. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his

9、 lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。2. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。He never talked about his having been interviewed by the

10、 reporter. 他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。3. -ing分词的否定形式是由not +-ing分词构成 Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。随堂练习1. _ your own needs and st

11、yles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood2. _ the assignment made his father lose his temper. A. The boys not having done B. The boy not having done C. The boys having not don

12、e D. The boy having not done3. (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 4. _ (see) from the mountain, we find Xiamen very attractive. 5. But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. 6. The next thing he saw was smoke rose from behind the house. Done讲解过去

13、分词的变化形式只有一种：done done表示两方面的含义：1.被动 2.被动且动作在谓语动作之前已完成动词的-ed形式的否定形式 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never+动词的-ed形式构成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。随堂练习1. Tsinghua University,_ in 1911, is home to agreat number of

14、 outstanding figures.A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded2. Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left.A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked3. Since you cant make the class (understand) what you say in English, you can make yourself _ (understand) in Chinese. 4. The boy sur

15、rounding by crowds has a gift for music. 考点梳理-非谓语做成分非谓语做主语的情况非谓语中只有doing和to do充当主语（备注：doing表示习惯性的，to do表示具体的，一次性的，但改错填词基本上不会考到这个区别，只做了解） 典型例题：例如：swimming is my favorite sport. To swim is my todays plan.填词练习1. (do) a favor for someone could get you into trouble.2. (jog) is a good form of exercise for

16、 both young and old. 3. He is very stubborn(固执的). Its no use (argue) with him. 改错练习1. Learn to speak English is more difficult than to write it. 2. I dont think play is more important than studying. 3. Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and

17、 team spirit. 非谓语做定语的情况 现在分词与过去分词的区别根据动词与所修饰的名词主被动关系或动作完成与否来判断 表情绪的分词形容词化用法。 典型例题：1. The question being discussed now at the meeting is very important.2. The question discussed at the meeting last week is very important.3. The question to be discussed at the meeting next week is very important. 4. I

18、 found the game exciting. 填词练习1. -The last one (arrive) pays the meal. -Agree! 2. The trees (blow) in the storm have been moved off the road.3. Peter received a letter just now (say) his grandma would come to see him soon. 改错练习1.What he did was puzzled.2. But then there is always more mysteries look

19、 into. 3. I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.非谓语做状语 典型例句：Born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears. Seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful. To save the child, he laid down his life. = He laid down his life to save the

20、 child.填词练习1. (walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. 2. (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 3. The flowers will die unless (water) every day. 改错练习1.Following by the officers, the general inspected (视察) the army. 2. Seeing

21、 from the mountain, Xiamen is an attractive city. 3. Dave was a worker, lived in a small apartment near Boston. 非谓语做宾语 特殊动词 doing / to do做宾语 典型例句：1. I suggest doing it in a different way. 2. They didnt mind being treated like guests. 3. I hope to see you again. 4. He chooses to study abroad. 填词练习1.

22、It was silly of you (believe) what he said.2. - Can I smoke here? -Sorry. We dont allow (smoke) here. 3. David and I wanted (go) off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. 4. It is difficult to imagine his (accept) the decision without any consideration. 5. Susan wanted to be indepe

23、ndent. So she tried (live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. 6. If you think that treating a woman well means always (get) her permission for things, think again. 改错练习1. Its very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese.2. The film is very interesting. It is worth see twice.3. I waved

24、 to her but failed attract her attention.4. In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day.5. I had always wanted return to the village after moving away. 6. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. 7. Look, some of my classmates are

25、practicing speak English over there.介词 doing , 但是 but / except to do 典型例句：1.You will have to pay the cost of sending a postcard.2. I want to thank you again for having me in your home for the summer holidays. 3. The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard.4. He had no choice but to

26、sit there as usual. 填词练习1. Did you have trouble in (find) the post office? 2. I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from (happen) again. 3. Sandy could do nothing but (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. 4. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week (

27、watch) TV. 改错练习1. The lost child desired nothing but going home.2. After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me. 3. Its like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books. 4. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give les

28、sons to lovely boys and girls. 五非谓语做宾补 感官动词后的非谓语宾补形式 使役动词后的非谓语宾补形式 特殊动词后的非谓语宾补形式（Vt.sb. to do ）例：I heard them sing yesterday. 昨天我听见他们唱歌了。I heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. 昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。He made/had me laugh. = He gets me to laugh.= He l

29、eaves me to laugh. The boss got/left/ had employees working all the time.Can you make/have/get the work finished in time?She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. 她请我在她不在的时候接电话。 Please remind me to leave her this note. 请提醒我留给她这张纸条。填词练习1. She felt herself _ (misunderstand) by her friends.2. It

30、 was so cold that they kept the fire (burn) all night. 3. They knew her very well. They had seen her (grow) up from childhood. 4. My parents have always made me (feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve. 5. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English (speak) as much as we can. 6. Energy drinks are not allowed (make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 改错练习1. Listen! Do you hear someone call for help?2. Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth.3. and let you to kno