北师大高二英语Unit 22重点词汇.docx
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北师大高二英语Unit22重点词汇
北师大高二英语Unit22重点词汇
一、重点单词:
1.beyond在……那边、超出、在远处、迟于。
短语:
beyondtheriver在河那边;lookbeyond向远处看;beyondmidnight半夜以后;beyondone’spower力所不及;beyondone’sreach某人够不着;getbeyond 超越;gobeyond 超越;seebeyond 看得比…远;beyondbelief 不可置信;beyondcomparison 无法比;beyondconception 不可思议;
用法:
beyond常用于否定句、疑问句中,意为“除……之外”。
如:
Iknownothingofitbeyondwhathetoldme.
配套练习:
①Solvingtheproblemis___mycapacity.
A.morethanB.overC.outofD.beyond
②Iamsorryit’s___mypowertomakeafinaldecisionontheproject.
A.overB.aboveC.offD.beyond
③Thejobhedidwas___praise.
A.morethanB.overC.outofD.beyond
④Maryhasalreadyachievedsuccess___herwildestdreams.
A.atB.beyondC.withinD.upon
2.claim(v/n)(根据权利)要求、认领、声称;要求、主张、索赔;
短语:
claimpaymentfrom/ofsb要某人付款;Itisclaimedthat…有人主张(据说)……;layclaimto要求、主张、自以为;putinaclaimforsth认领某物;setupaclaimtosth提出对某事物的要求;claimsb'sattention要求某人注意;claimfairly正当地要求;claimrepeatedly再三要求;claimfordamage要求赔偿损失;acceptaclaim接受要求;rejectsb'sclaim拒绝某人的要求;satisfyone'sclaim满足要求;legalclaim合法要求;compensationclaim赔偿要求;
用法:
claim用作动词时的基本意思是“声称,断言”,可接动词不定式、that从句作宾语,也可接由“tobe/asn./adj.”充当补足语的复合宾语。
claim作“对…提出要求,索取”解时,多是指根据权利要求对方承认身份、所有权等,其语气表现出不卑不亢的特点。
claim作动词,其宾语后接against,动词宾语为索赔的东西,介词宾语为人,表示“向……索赔”。
如:
Heclaimeddamagesagainstthedriver.作名词,后接for,表示“……的要求”。
如:
Theyacceptedherclaimforcompensation(赔偿).后接on,表示“有资格得到”。
如:
Youhaveaclaimonhisfriendship.后接to,表示“对……提出要求”,介词宾语为名词或动名词。
如:
Doesanyonemakeaclaimtothispurse?
配套练习:
Whenthesingerappeared,theaudiencestartedto____loudly.
A.claimB.crackC.clapD.crash
DuringavisittotheForbiddenCity,shewasheardto____“it’ssobeautiful”threetimes.
A.havegraspedB.havegripped
C.haveclaimedD.haveexclaimed
Apoliceofficerclaimedthattheyoungmanhadattemptedto______payinghisfare.
A.avoidB.rejectC.refuseD.neglect
Thegovernmentspokesman____publiclythatoffenderswouldbepunished.
A.pronouncedB.announcedC.claimedD.demanded
Thesurvivors__________toafloatingtreeinhopesofrescue.
A.tiedB.seizedC.claimedD.clung
She______thetroublesaheadandtookstepstoavoidthem.
A.assumedB.proclaimedC.foresawD.claimed
3.relevantadj.有关的;切题的
短语:
berelevantto=havesth.todowith与……有关;haverelevanceto与……有关;havenorelevanceto=havenothingtodowith与……无关;relevanttothepresentquestion和目前问题有关;relevanttothecase 与这案子有关;
用法:
relevant表示“与……相关”时,后接to,作表语或后置修饰语。
如:
Thefilmwasrelevanttowhatwasbeingdiscussedinclass.
配套练习:
①Topicsforcompositionsshouldbe_____totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents.
A.concernedB.dependentC.concerningD.relevant
②NotuntilIcompletedtheform_____thathalfquestionswerenotrelevanttome.
A.hadIrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.IrealizedD.didIrealize
③—Sir,Ifeelitcomplicatedtoapplytoauniversityabroad.
—Whynotreadourguide?
Thisis________therelevantinformationisavailable.
A.whatB.howC.whereD.why
④Whatyousayhasnorelevance_____thesubject.
A.inB.atC.toD.on
4.pin大头针、(用别针等)别住、钉住。
短语:
benotworthapin一钱不值;pinaflowertothecoat把花别在衣服上;pinsomebodyagainstthewall使某人无处可逃;pinabadgeonthejacket把徽章别在外套上;inthepinofhealth 极为健康;headofapin 针头;thepointofapin 针尖;onpinsandneedles 如坐针毡;pinsbagainstthewall 把某人按在墙上;pinbeneaththecar 压在车底下;pinonone'scoat 别在上衣上;pinsbtoapromise 要某人遵守诺言;pinsbundersth 把某人压在某物底下;
用法:
①pin的基本意思是“大头针”,也可指“饰针”“有别针的徽章”,是可数名词。
引申可表示没有价值的东西。
pin也可作“锁,钉,插头,闩”解,还可指手榴弹上的“保险针”或“保险栓”。
②pin的复数形式pins有“腿”的意思。
③pin用作动词意思是“(用别针)把…别住,把…钉住”,也可作“使固定”“使不能动”解。
④pin是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语。
⑤pindown意为“钉住,压住;明确说出;使受约束”;pinsthonsb意为“把某事(如错误、罪名等)强加在某人身上”。
配套练习:
①Atthepresenttime,mostparents___theirhopes___theirchildren.
A.put;inB.pin;withC.pin;onD.put;with
②Hisfriendkepthim___tothedooruntilhetookbacktheinsult.
A.pinningB.pinnedC.topinD.tobepinned
③Helosthisgoldwatchandhewason___.
A.apinandaneedleB.thepinandtheneedleC.pinsandneedlesD.pinandneedle
④WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_____“Sorrytomissyou;I’llcalllater.”
A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading
5.condemnvt.责难;责备;谴责某人;判处……有罪;
短语:
condemnsb./sth.as谴责/指责某人/某事为……;condemnsb.tosth.判处某人某种刑罚;condemnsb.todosth.把……逼入某状态,使某人注定……;becondemned/sentencedtodeath被判处死刑;condemnationn.责难;判罪;condemnastraitors 宣告犯有叛逆罪;condemnfor 因…而宣告…有罪;condemnforstealing 因偷…被宣告有罪;condemnsbfortheft 判某人盗窃罪;condemnsbfortreacherousbehaviour 因为…背信弃义而谴责…;condemnsbtodeath 判某人死刑;condemnsbtohardlabor 判苦役;condemnsbtoalifeimprisonment 判无期徒刑;condemnsbtoprisonfortenyears 判处十年徒刑;
用法:
①condemn的基本意思是责备或非难某人的不良行为,其批评的含义较强。
condemn主要指最后的决定性的评价,所以常可用于表示“判罪”“处刑”,有时condemn也可指随意地、令人不快地评价。
②condemn作“谴责”“责备”解时接名词或代词作宾语,宾语后常接介词for表示原因,不能接词for表示判罪的原因;作“宣布…不能使用/不适用”解时,可接名词或代词作宾语,还可接以as短语充当补足语的复合宾语。
③condemn可用于被动结构。
配套练习:
(1).完成句子
①Sheknewthatsocietywould_________(指责)herforleavingherchildren.
②Therewaswidespreadinternational_________(国际谴责)ofthebombing.
③Hewasfoundguiltyandcondemned_____death.(判处死刑)
(2).单项填空:
①TheSeptember11Attackhasbeen_______bytheentireinternationalcommunity.
A.condemnedB.scoldedC.criticizedD.blamed
②AnyonewhowantstoseparateTibetfromourmotherlandshouldbe .
A.blamedB.condemnedC.accusedD.charged
③Hisbadlegcondemnedhim_____awheelchair.
A.onB.inC.underD.to
④Wouldyou_____thiswomantoalifewherepeoplelookatherfacewhentheytalktoher?
A.blameB.condemnC.accuseD.charge
6.reservation(n)预订、保留;
短语:
Reservationscanbearrangedthrough…可通过……进行预定;acceptyourstatementwithoutreservation完全相信你的话;cancelreservations 取消预订;hotelreservations 旅馆房间的预订;with〔without〕reservation 有〔无〕保留地;
用法:
在美国reservation常表示在旅馆、火车、餐厅等预定的房间或席位。
如:
Wemadeareservationfordinnerattherestaurant.
配套练习:
①Ofallthesoldierstheyhadthe_____ofbeingthefiercest,themostpatriotic,thetoughest.D
A.recognitionB.reservationC.recreationD.reputation
②Theproblemwiththecountryishowtoliftitseconomyoutof____.
A.reservationB.recreationC.reversionD.recession
③Theeducation______forthecomingyearisabout$4billion,whichismuchmorethanwhatpeopleexpected.
A.allowanceB.reservationC.budgetD.finance
④Whenhetriedtomakea________,hefoundthatthehotelwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.
A.reservationB.claimC.messD.revision
⑤Sportand____havealwaysbeenpartofuniversitylife.
A.refreshmentB.recessionC.reservationD.recreation
⑥Istronglyopposedthe____thatwomennotbeallowedtojointhesociety.
A.resolutionB.reservationC.solutionD.conclusion
Theeducation______forthecomingyearisabout$4billion,whichismuchmorethanwhatpeopleexpected.
A.allowanceB.reservationC.budgetD.finance
7.sacrificen./v.牺牲,献身,祭品,供奉;
短语:
atthesacrificeof以牺牲……为代价;fallasacrificeto成为……的牺牲品;makeasacrificefor为……牺牲;sacrificeone’slifetodosth牺牲生命做某事;sacrificeoneselffor/tosth为某事作出牺牲;atanysacrifice 不惜任何牺牲;bythesacrificeofprinciples 牺牲原则;withagreatsacrificeoftime 牺牲很多时间;sacrificefor 为…作出牺牲;sacrificeoflives 献出生命;sacrificeone'slifeforthecountry 为国捐躯;sacrificeoneselfforthesakeofone'schildren 为了子女牺牲了自己;sacrificeto 向…献祭,把…贡献给,为…而牺牲;sacrificebeautytoaccuracy (文章)为了准确宁可不美;
用法:
①sacrifice只用作及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语。
可用于被动结构。
宾语后接for或to,表示“为某一特殊目的而失去或放弃某种有价值的东西或付出艰苦的劳动”。
如:
Hesacrificedapromisingcareerforamomentaryfancy.不带宾语,后接for或to,意义不变。
如:
Parentsarewillingtosacrificefortheirchildren’seducation.后接不定式作目的状语,意义不变。
如:
Hesacrificedhisholidaytohelpinhisbrother’sbusiness.
②sacrifice作名词,表示“牺牲”,牺牲的对象是物,后接of。
如:
thesacrificeofalamb;牺牲的对象是人,后接to。
如:
fallasacrificetoafoe;指为了某种缘故或利益而作出牺牲,后接for。
如:
Hegavehislifeasasacrificeforhiscountry.
配套练习:
①Thecarswere____becauseitwasimpossibletogoanyfurtherinthefog.
A.sacrificedB.transportedC.abandonedD.removed
②Whileintelligentpeoplecanoften_____thecomplex,afoolismorelikelytocomplicatethesimple.
A.sacrificeB.substituteC.simplifyD.survive
③Themother_____manythingstogetherdaughteragoodeducation.
A.purchasedB.producedC.sacrificedD.stored
④Theterrorists _____toblowuptheplaneiftheirdemandswerenotmet.
A.sacrificed B.relayed C.threatened D.armed
8.substituten.代替者;代用品;vt.用……代替……;
短语:
asubstituteforsth.某物的代替者(代用品);substituteAforB=substituteBwith/byA;用A代替B;substitutefor代替;substitutesuccessfully 成功地代替;substituteas 代替为…;substituteby〔with〕 用…代替…;substitutefor 用…代替…,(使)代替…;
用法:
①在美式英语中substitute只能用作及物动词,在英式英语中substitute可用作及物动词,也常用作不及物动词。
用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语;substitute作vt,宾语后接for,表示用某人或某物替代另一人或另一事物;有时也可接by或with,表示让某人或某物被另一人或另一事物所替代。
如:
Wesubstitutedredballsforblue,toseeifthebabywouldnotice.substitute作vi,后接for,表示“充当……的代替者”,常用于美国英语。
如:
Hesubstitutedfortheworkerwhowasill.
②substitute还可用作名词,意为“代替品,替代者”。
例如:
Thesubstitutesareprettydreadful.代替的人相当糟糕。
substitute作名词,后接for,表示“代替……的人或物”。
如:
Isthereasubstitutefortheinjuredplayer?
配套练习:
(1).完成句子:
①我把名单上我的名字换成了你的。
I______yourname__________mineonthelist.
②我们推荐的商标完全可以替代原来的。
Werecommendthisbrand____________asagood.
(2).单项填空:
①Whileintelligentpeoplecanoften_____thecomplex,afoolismorelikelytocomplicatethesimple.
A.sacrificeB.substituteC.simplifyD.survive
②Inaformalfootballmatch,eachteamcanhavethreeplayersto_____theirteammateswhennecessary.
A.replaceB.substituteC.representD.exchange
③Itiswiseofyouto_____well-trainedworkers_____untrainedonesintheassemblyline.
A.subst