美国文学重点和归纳.docx
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美国文学重点和归纳
美国文学重点和归纳
TheAmericanCharacter
Practical,Religious,WorkEthic,TheAmericanDream.FreedomandlibertyPurity
Faithfulness.optimism.Idealist.Practicalandhardworking
Enthusiasminandcallforbusinessinvestment
Enthusiasmincharity-work
RespectforEducation
thepuritanbeliefs
ColonialAmericanliterature
ThefirstAmericanwriterCaptainJohnSmith
Generalfeatures
Typesofwriting:
diaries,histories,lettersetc.
Content:
servingeitherGodorcolonialexpansionorboth
Form:
imitatingEnglishliterarytraditions
AnneBradstreet
ThefirstAmericanfemalepoet
APuritanpoet,“TenthMuse”
“Contemplations”《沉思录》
Theliteratureofreasonandrevolution
BenjaminFranklin
Jackofalltrades,SpokesmanofEnlightenment,
Autobiography《自传》PoorRichard’sAlmanac《穷理查德历书》
EdwardsandFranklinmadethewholeofatruepuritan,anAmerica
ThomasPaine
AmericanCrisis
Thesearethetimesthattrymen’ssouls:
thesummersoldierandthesunshinepatriotwillinthiscrisis,shrinkfromtheserviceoftheircountry;buthethatstandsitnow,deservestheloveandthanksofmanandwoman.Tyranny,likehell,isnoteasilyconquered;yetwehavethisconsolationwithus,thatthehardertheconflict,themoregloriousthetriumph.CommonSense常识
ThomasJefferson
TheDeclarationofIndependence1976/7/4
Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallMenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthePursuitofHappiness,--ThattosecuretheirRights,GovernmentsareinstitutedamongMen,derivingtheirjustPowersfromtheConsentoftheGoverned,--ThatwheneveranyFormofgovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseEnds,itistheRightsofthePeopletoalterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutenewGovernment,layingitsFoundation
onsuchPrinciples,andorganizingitsPowersinsuchForm,astothemshallseemmostlikelytoeffecttheirSafetyandHappiness.
PhilipFreneaufatherofanpoetry
AmericanRomanticism
WashingtonIrving
fatherofAmericanliteraturefatherofAmericanshortstory
ThesketchBook见闻札记
TalesofaTraveller(firstininstallmentinAmerica,markedthebeginningofAmericanRomanticism)
RipVanWinkle,TheLegendoftheSleepyHollow睡谷的传说
JamesFenimoreCooper
HecreatedamythabouttheformativeperiodoftheAmericannation.TheAmericanWalterHollow.ThefirstimportantAmericannovelist.
ThePilot
TheLeatherstockingTales皮袜子故事集
theDeerslayer杀鹿者
ThelastoftheMohicans最后的莫西干人
EdgarAllenPoe
fatherofmodernshortstoryfatherofdetectivestoryfatherofpsychoanalyticcriticismAnnabellee
ThefalloftheHouseofUsher
Duringthewholeofadull,dark,andsoundlessdayintheautumnoftheyear,whenthecloudshungoppressivelylowintheheavens,Ihadbeenpassingalone,onhorseback,throughasingularlydrearytractofcountry;andatlengthfoundmyself,astheshadesoftheeveningdrewon,withinviewofthemelancholyHouseofUsher.
Hadputforth,atnoperiod,anyenduringbranch;inotherwords,thattheentirefamilylayinthedirectlineofdescentandhadalways,withverytriflingandverytemporaryvariation,solain.
RalphWaldoEmerson
responsibleforbringingTranscendentalism
RalphWaldoEmerson=ThechiefspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism超验主义
HewasadescendentofalonglineofNewEnglandclergymen牧师【pastor】.
TheAmericanScholarSpiritTheDivinitySchoolAddressRepresentativeMenEnglishTraits
Nature
Ifthestarsshouldappearonenightinathousandyears,howwouldmenbelieveand
adore;andpreserveformanygenerationstheremembranceofthecityofGodwhichhadbeenshown!
Buteverynightcomeouttherepreachersofbeauty,andlighttheuniversewiththeiradmonishingsmile.
ThoreauWalden
notonlyfullydemonstratesEmersonianideasofself-reliancebutalsodevelopsandtestsThoreau’sowntranscendentalphilosophy.
Walden
acollectionofnatureessays
agreatTranscendentalistwork
abookaboutman,whatheis,andwhatheshouldbeandmustbe.
fullofideasexpressedtopersuadehisneighborsoutoftheircomplacency
Politicalviews:
disapprovedofslavery,condemnthegovernment’sconductofthe
MexicanWar.
NathanielHawthorne
TheScarletLettertheBlithedaleRomance,MossesfromanOldManse,TheMarbleFaun
HermanMelvilie
TypeeModyDick
ThethreegreatAmericanauthorsofthelastcenturywhohadnocontemporaryreadersandyetbecamegreatinthiscentury:
Thoreau
HermanMelville
EmilyDickinson
Theliteratureofrealism
1861-1865thecivilwar
WaltWhitmanLeavesofGrassepicpoemSongofmyself
EmilyDickinsonthegreatestwomanwriteroftheage
HarrietBeecherStowetheauthorofuncleTom'scabin.
AnAmericaninstitutionandthemostfamousliterarywomanintheworld
WilliamDeanHowells浪漫主义第一人
FatherofAmericanrealisminliterature
EditoroftheAtlanticMonthly
ThefirstpresidentofAmericanLiteratureandArtsAssociation
TheRiseofSilasLapham,1885《塞拉斯拉帕姆的发迹》
AModernInstance,1882《现代婚姻》
AHazardofNewFortunes,1890《新财富的危机》
HenryJames
Awriterwhonotonlybridgedthe19thand20thcenturiesbutconnectedAmericaandEurope.
DaisyMiller,ThePortraitofaLadytheAmerican
MarkTwain原名:
SamuelLanghorneClemens美国真正作家之一
TheAdventuresofTomSawyer
O.Henry
PseudonymofWilliamSidneyPorter
“TheGiftoftheMagi""TheCopandtheAnthem“Soapy"AMunicipalReport"
Collections:
TheFourMillion,1906HeartoftheWest,1910
Naturalism
JackLondon
beforeLondon,thefictionsareallforgirl'ssake
ADaughteroftheSnows
TheCalloftheWild(1903)(anall-timebest-seller)
TheSea-Wolf(1904)WhiteFang(1906)
TheIronHeel(1908)MartinEden(1909)
TheodoreDreiser
ThepredominantnaturalisticnovelistfromaGerman-speakingfamily
SisterCarrieAnAmericanTragedyJanineGerhardtTrilogyofDesire
TheFinancierTheTitanTheStoic
TheTwentieth-CenturyLiterature
EugeneO'Neill
Americandramadevelopedintoaformofliterature
theDesireUndertheElmtheEmperorJones
AnnaChristietheHairyApe
TennesseeWilliams
theStreetcarNamedDesire欲望阶车
EzrapoundTheCantos
EdwinArlingtonRobinson
oneofthemostproductiveofthenewpoets
thehouseonthehill.RichardCory.Minivercheery
RobertFrost
“ThefatherofAmericanmodernpoetry”Thenationalbard
Thenation’sunofficialPoetLaureate
NorthofBoston《波士顿以北》MountainInterval《山间》
NewHampshire《新罕普什尔》WestRunningBrook《西流的溪涧》
AFurtherRange《又一片牧场》AWitnessTree《一棵见证的树》
“TheRoadNotTaken”“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”
“TheWoodPile”“Design””MendingWall“
ErnestHemingway
Thelostgeneration,Atoughguy
Hemingwayhero:
AdespairingcourageGraceunderpressureTheSunAlsoRises(spokesmanofTheLostGeneration)
AFarewelltoArms1928(atragicstoryaboutwarandlove)(Heroandheroine:
FredericHenryandCatherineBarkley)
ForWhomtheBellTolls1940(Spanishcivilwar)
InOurTime
“Nomanisanisland.”
TheOldManandtheSea
Caquitespecialnovelinallhisnovels..theme:
theimportanceoflifeliesintheprocessofsearchingandresistance
TheTorrentsoftheSpring《春潮》WinnerTakeNothing《胜者无所得》
DeathintheAfternoon《午后之死》GreenHillsofAfrica《非洲的青山》
ToHaveandHaveNot《富有与贫穷》TheFifthColumn《第五纵队》
AcrosstheRiverandintotheTrees《过河入林》
FrancisScottFitzgerald
TheevaporationoftheAmericanDream
TheJazzAge
TheLostGeneration
TheGreatGatsby
JosephHeller
Catch-22(AbsurdistthemeBlackHumor)
WilliamFaulkner
FatherofAmericanmodernnovel
agreatplotweaver
ThegreatestwriteroffictionthattheUShasyetproduced
LiterarySceneintheSouth
ARoseforEmilyTheSoundandtheFury《喧嚣与愤怒》
GoDown,Moses《去吧,摩西》Absalom!
Absalom!
《押沙龙!
押沙龙!
》
Sanctuary《圣殿》LightinAugust《八月之光》
AsILayDying《在我弥留之际》
JohnSteinbecktheGrapesofWrath
WhatisPuritanism?
Acodeofvalues,aphilosophyoflife,apointofview,astateofmind,themostenduringinfluenceinAmericanthoughtandliterature,apartofthenationalatmosphere.
Autobiography
Astorythatapersonwritesabouthisorherownlifeiscalledanautobiography.Autobiographiesarewritteninfirst-personpointofview,andbiographies,third-personpointofview.
Realism
Atimeofdisillusionmentandlossofhope-aliteraryrevulsionagainstthefalseimaginationandsentimentalityofRomanticism.
Naturalism:
Naturalistpointofview:
toachieveextremeobjectivityandfranknessCeverythingisdeterminedbyenvironmentandheredity.
Imagism
Toexpressthemomentaryimpressionthroughtheuseofonedominantimage.
TheLostGeneration(ErnestHemingway,pound,Fitzgerald)
wasagroupofrebelliousyouthappearedinAmericaaftertheFirstWorldWar.
Romanticism
isacomplexartistic,literary,andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyinWesternEurope,andgainedstrengthduringtheIndustrialResolution.
AmericanTranscendentalism
Asaphilosophicalandliterarymovement,AmericanTranscendentalism(alsoknownas“AmericanRenaissance”)flourshedinNewEnglandfromthe1830stotheCivilWar.ItisthehightideofAmericanromanticismanditsdoctrinesfoundtheirgreatestliteraryadvocatesinEmersonandThoreau.TranscendentalistsspokefortheculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety.
①TheTranscendentalistsplacedemphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimportantthingintheuniverse.思想超灵宇宙
②TheTranscendentalistsstressedtheimportanceoftheindividual.Tothem,thein