美国文学重点和归纳.docx

1、美国文学重点和归纳美国文学重点和归纳 The American Character Practical, Religious, Work Ethic,The American Dream. Freedom and liberty Purity Faithfulness .optimism. Idealist .Practical and hardworking Enthusiasm in and call for business investment Enthusiasm in charity-work Respect for Education the puritan beliefs Co

2、lonial American literature The first American writer Captain John Smith General features Types of writing: diaries, histories, letters etc. Content: serving either God or colonial expansion or both Form: imitating English literary traditions Anne Bradstreet The first American female poet A Puritan p

3、oet, “Tenth Muse” “Contemplations”沉思录 The literature of reason and revolution Benjamin Franklin Jack of all trades, Spokesman of Enlightenment , Autobiography自传 Poor Richards Almanac 穷理查德历书 Edwards and Franklin made the whole of a true puritan, an America Thomas Paine American Crisis These are the t

4、imes that try mens souls: the summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the h

5、arder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. Common Sense 常识 Thomas Jefferson The Declaration of Independence 1976/7/4 We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Lib

6、erty and the Pursuit of Happiness,-That to secure their Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed ,-That whenever any Form of government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Rights of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to

7、 institute new Government, laying its Foundation on such Principles, and organizing its Powers in such Form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Philip Freneau father of an poetry American Romanticism Washington Irving father of American literature father of Ameri

8、can short story The sketch Book 见闻札记 Tales of a Traveller(first in installment in America, marked the beginning of American Romanticism) Rip Van Winkle, The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow 睡谷的传说 James Fenimore Cooper He created a myth about the formative period of the American nation. The American Walte

9、r Hollow. The first important American novelist. The Pilot The Leatherstocking Tales 皮袜子故事集 the Deers layer 杀鹿者 The last of the Mohicans 最后的莫西干人 Edgar Allen Poe father of modern short story father of detective story father of psychoanalytic criticism Annabel lee The fall of the House of Usher During

10、 the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country; and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the me

11、lancholy House of Usher. Had put forth, at no period, any enduring branch; in other words, that the entire family lay in the direct line of descent and had always, with very trifling and very temporary variation, so lain. Ralph Waldo Emerson responsible for bringing Transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Eme

12、rson = The chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism 超验主义 He was a descendent of a long line of New England clergymen牧师【pastor】. The American Scholar Spirit The Divinity School Address Representative Men English Traits Nature If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would

13、 men believe and adore; and preserve for many generations the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown! But every night come out there preachers of beauty, and light the universe with their admonishing smile. Thoreau Walden not only fully demonstrates Emersonian ideas of self-reliance but

14、 also develops and tests Thoreaus own transcendental philosophy. Walden a collection of nature essays a great Transcendentalist work a book about man, what he is, and what he should be and must be. full of ideas expressed to persuade his neighbors out of their complacency Political views: disapprove

15、d of slavery , condemn the governments conduct of the Mexican War. Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter the Blithedale Romance , Mosses from an Old Manse, The Marble Faun Herman Melvilie Typee Mody Dick The three great American authors of the last century who had no contemporary readers and yet be

16、came great in this century: Thoreau Herman Melville Emily Dickinson The literature of realism 1861-1865 the civil war Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass epic poem Song of myself Emily Dickinson the greatest woman writer of the age Harriet Beecher Stowe the author of uncle Toms cabin. An American instituti

17、on and the most famous literary woman in the world William Dean Howells 浪漫主义第一人 Father of American realism in literature Editor of the Atlantic Monthly The first president of American Literature and Arts Association The Rise of Silas Lapham, 1885 塞拉斯拉帕姆的发迹 A Modern Instance, 1882现代婚姻 A Hazard of New

18、 Fortunes, 1890新财富的危机 Henry James A writer who not only bridged the 19th and 20th centuries but connected America and Europe. Daisy Miller ,The Portrait of a Lady the American Mark Twain原名： Samuel Langhorne Clemens 美国真正作家之一 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer O. Henry Pseudonym of William Sidney Porter “Th

19、e Gift of the Magi The Cop and the Anthem“ Soapy A Municipal Report Collections： The Four Million, 1906 Heart of the West, 1910 Naturalism Jack London before London, the fictions are all for girls sake A Daughter of the Snows The Call of the Wild (1903) (an all-time best-seller) The Sea-Wolf (1904)

20、White Fang (1906) The Iron Heel (1908) Martin Eden (1909) Theodore Dreiser The predominant naturalistic novelist from a German-speaking family Sister Carrie An American Tragedy Janine Gerhardt Trilogy of Desire The Financier The Titan The Stoic The Twentieth-Century Literature Eugene ONeill American

21、 drama developed into a form of literature the Desire Under the Elm the Emperor Jones Anna Christie the Hairy Ape Tennessee Williams the Streetcar Named Desire 欲望阶车 Ezra pound The Cantos Edwin Arlington Robinson one of the most productive of the new poets the house on the hill . Richard Cory .Minive

22、r cheery Robert Frost “The father of American modern poetry” The national bard The nations unofficial Poet Laureate North of Boston 波士顿以北 Mountain Interval 山间 New Hampshire 新罕普什尔 West Running Brook 西流的溪涧 A Further Range 又一片牧场 A Witness Tree 一棵见证的树 “The Road Not Taken” “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy E

23、vening” “The Wood Pile” “Design” ”Mending Wall “ Ernest Hemingway The lost generation ,A tough guy Hemingway hero: A despairing courage Grace under pressure The Sun Also Rises (spokesman of The Lost Generation ) A Farewell to Arms 1928 (a tragic story about war and love) (Hero and heroine: Frederic

24、Henry and Catherine Barkley) For Whom the Bell Tolls 1940 (Spanish civil war) In Our Time “No man is an island.” The Old Man and the Sea Ca quite special novel in all his novels .theme: the importance of life lies in the process of searching and resistance The Torrents of the Spring 春潮 Winner Take N

25、othing 胜者无所得 Death in the Afternoon 午后之死 Green Hills of Africa 非洲的青山 To Have and Have Not 富有与贫穷 The Fifth Column 第五纵队 Across the River and into the Trees 过河入林 Francis Scott Fitzgerald The evaporation of the American Dream The Jazz Age The Lost Generation The Great Gatsby Joseph Heller Catch-22 （Absu

26、rdist theme Black Humor） William Faulkner Father of American modern novel a great plot weaver The greatest writer of fiction that the US has yet produced Literary Scene in the South A Rose for Emily The Sound and the Fury 喧嚣与愤怒 Go Down, Moses 去吧，摩西 Absalom! Absalom! 押沙龙！押沙龙！ Sanctuary 圣殿 Light in Au

27、gust 八月之光 As I Lay Dying在我弥留之际 John Steinbeck the Grapes of Wrath What is Puritanism? A code of values, a philosophy of life, a point of view, a state of mind, the most enduring influence in American thought and literature, a part of the national atmosphere. Autobiography A story that a person write

28、s about his or her own life is called an autobiography. Autobiographies are written in first-person point of view, and biographies, third-person point of view. Realism A time of disillusionment and loss of hope- a literary revulsion against the false imagination and sentimentality of Romanticism. Na

29、turalism： Naturalist point of view: to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness C everything is determined by environment and heredity. Imagism To express the momentary impression through the use of one dominant image. The Lost Generation（Ernest Hemingway， pound , Fitzgerald ） was a group of rebell

30、ious youth appeared in America after the First World War. Romanticism is a complex artistic ,literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Resolution. American Transcendentalism As a philosophic

31、al and literary movement, American Transcendentalism (also known as “ American Renaissance”) flourshed in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. It is the high tide of American romanticism and its doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in Emerson and Thoreau. Transcendentalists spoke for the cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the universe. 思想 超灵 宇宙 The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual. To them, the in