考研英语一真题 阅读真题及解析.docx
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考研英语一真题阅读真题及解析
Text1
AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK"townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforzozl.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtinE220mofinvestmentandanavalacheofarts,outnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain'town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabittobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.
SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLivorpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselffor,thepost-Brexitworld:
aftertownofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollow-villageofculture?
Suburbofculture?
Hamletofculture?
Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearofculture"washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheselfimageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.
Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsandculturalorganizations.Butitcanbedone:
Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.
A"townofculture"couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown's
peculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.
21.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata"townofculture"awardcould________
[A]consolidatethetown-citytiesinBritain.
[B]promotecooperationamongBritain'stowns.
[C]increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain'stowns.
[D]focusBritain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.
22.AccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas________
[A]asensiblecompromise.
[B]aself-deceivingattempt.
[C]aneye-catchingbonus.
[D]aninaccessibletarget.
23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit________
[A]endeavourstomaintainitsimage.
[B]meetstheaspirationsofitspeople.
[C]bringsitslocalartstoprominence.
D]commitstoitslong-termgrowth.
24.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent________
[A]acontrastingcase.
[B]asupportingexample.
[C]abackgroundstory,
[D]arelatedtopic.
25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?
[A]Skeptical
[B]Objective
[C]Favourable
[D]Critical
21CincreasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain’stowns
这道题是细节题。
题干问库珀和她的同事们认为“文化之城”这一奖项可能会怎样可以定位在第一段第三句:
“CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,……”“赫尔之冠”的成功并不局限于城市,它为赫尔带来了2.2亿欧元的投资和大量艺术作品。
英国的城镇,确实没有被阻止申请,但他们通常缺乏资源来凑齐一点来击败他们更大的竞争对手。
有人认为,“文化之城”奖可以成为一项年度活动,吸引资金并创造就业机会。
所以能看出答案是C.增强英国城镇的经济实力。
22Baself-deceivingattempt
该题是推断题,题干问:
根据第二段,这一提议或许会被一些人认为是…….。
可以定位在第二段第一句“Somemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthat……”“有些人可能会把这个提议看作是一个嘘声,因为英国已经不能再申请更有声望的欧洲文化之都的称号了……”能看出来有些人是持反面态度的。
很多人不认识boo,但是也能从后面的onthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselffor,在绝望地为英国退欧后的世界重塑形象之际,英国即将消失在一场无休止的自我庆祝热潮之中.接下来几个反问句,能看出来是一种自我欺骗的尝试,所以选择B。
23Dcommitstoitslong-termgrowth
该题也是细节题,题干问:
作者认为这个头衔的持有者是成功的只要它……可以定位到第三段第三句,这些头衔真正成功的持有者,是那些除了为酒店带来收入、带来引人注目的艺术活动和一年的良好报道之外,还做了很多事情的人。
它们转变了当地居民的愿望;他们将城市的自我形象推向更大胆、更乐观的一面。
所以能看出只要他把致力于乡村的长期发展中,这个头衔就会是成功的。
24A.acontrastingcase
这题是写作目的题,题干说:
第3段提到格拉斯哥是为了展现什么。
可以定位到第三段倒数第一句。
可以看到前面有明显的BUT,知道和前面的意思成相反。
“这个问题很难解决,需要高度的远见卓识,也需要城市当局、私营部门、社区团体和文化组织之间的合作。
但这是可以做到的:
格拉斯哥作为欧洲文化之都的一年,可以被看作是一系列复杂的因素之一,这些因素把这座城市变成了艺术、音乐和戏剧的力量,直到今天。
”
25Dfavourable
这题是作者态度题,问作者对于这个建议的态度。
第一段是提出该建议。
第二段是一些人认为这个建议有点吹嘘。
而只有最后一段能看出作者对此建议的态度,“一个“文化之城”不仅仅是艺术之城,而且要尊重一个城市的特色——帮助维持它的商业街,支持当地的设施,最重要的是赞美它的人民,并将其转化为行动。
”所以能看出是积极赞成的态度。
Text2
Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjoumalsinwhichtopublish
theirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.
Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfndamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.
TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.
Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.
InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:
eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.
Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround£500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese’’articlepreparationcosts’’hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:
labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.
26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause________
[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.
[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.
[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.
[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.
27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave________
[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.
[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.
[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.
[D]financedresearchersgenerously.
28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?
[A]Relieved.
[B]Puzzled.
[C]Concerned
[D]Encouraged.
29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms________
[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.
[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.
[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.
[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.
30.Whichofthefollowingcharacterisesthescientificpublishingmodel?
[A]Trialsubscriptionisoffered.
[B]Labourtriumphsoverstatus.
[C]Costsarewellcontrolled.
D]Thefewfeedonthemany.
26,细节题Ditscontentacquisitioncostnothing
根据题干中关键词alicencetoprintmoneybecause,定位到第一段第二句,其他科学家也免费进行同行评议的专门工作,因为它是获得地位和生产科学知识的核心要素。
正确选项D,acquisition原词,forfree替换选项中的,costnothing.
27,细节题Athrivedmainlyonuniversitieslibraries
根据题干关键词Elsevier定位到第三段第一句话,TheDutchgiantElsevier,....madeprofitsofmorethan490mlastyear.whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan210min2016,该公司去年利润超过4.9亿英镑然而仅英国大学在2016年就花费了超过2.1亿英镑。
正确选项A主要依靠大学图书馆为定位句的同意表达
28态度题Bconcerned
根据题干中关键词Sci-Hub的成功定位到第四段第二句,ThesuccessofSci-Hub,....havethemselveslegallyaccessedshowsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants这表明法律生态系统在其用户中已经失去了合法性,必须进行改造,以便为所有参与者服务.可见作者对于Sci-Hub的成功采取否定态度,正确选项Bconcerned担忧,担心。
Arelieved宽慰的,Cpuzzled困惑的属错误选项,Dencouraged鼓励的,正反混淆
29推断题Aallowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney
根据题干关键词openaccess定位到第四段,最后一句...sothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbefore...,合理收取费用是未来出版商能够获利,A选项为同义替换。
Brenderpublishingmucheasierforscientists使发表对科学家来说容易得多.Creducethecostofpublicationsubstantiality降低出版成本D.freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens使大学摆脱财政负担
30细节题Dthefewfeedonthemany
根据题干关键词scientificpublishingmodel定位到最后一段第五句,labourisprovidedplacesfreeine