北华大学研究生新世纪公共英语第二册第3单元 Microsoft Word 文档.docx

北华大学研究生新世纪公共英语第二册第3单元 Microsoft Word 文档.docx

《北华大学研究生新世纪公共英语第二册第3单元 Microsoft Word 文档.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《北华大学研究生新世纪公共英语第二册第3单元 Microsoft Word 文档.docx（30页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

北华大学研究生新世纪公共英语第二册第3单元MicrosoftWord文档

UnitThreeDoctor’sDilemma:

TreatorLetDie?

Objectives

Studentsshouldbeableto：

1.understandtheconceptofbioethics；

2.developasensibleattitudeinissuesliketheoneraisedinthearticle；

3.graspthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext；

4.conductaseriesofreading，listening，speaking，andwritingactivitiescenteredonthethemeoftheunit．

TimeAllotment

1stperiod:

Warm-up；Text（introductionandtextorganization;Paragraphs1-7）

2ndperiod:

Text（Paragraphs8-18）

3rdperiod:

Text（Paragraphs19-25）;Exercises

4thperiod:

students’presentationconcerningtheirprojects;checkonsupplementaryreadings

I.GroupDiscussion

MakesurethatthestudentsarefamiliarwiththecaseofTerriSchiavo.Organizethestudentstoconductthediscussioningroups．Eachgroupshouldhaveasecretarytonotedowntheirdiscussionsothatthewholeclasscanshareideastogetherlaterinclass．HereisabroadcastreportontheTerriSchiavocase．

TerriSchiavoDiesAmidControversy

ThecaseofTerriSchiavo，theAmericanwomanwhodiedThursday（March31，2005），13daysafterherfeedingtubewasremoved,drewworldwideattentiontotheissuesoftherighttoliveandtherighttodie．

TerriSchiavowas26-years-oldwhenshecollapsedandsufferedseverebraindamage．Shespentthenext15yearskeptalivebyafeedingtubeinsertedintoherstomach·

In1998,herhusbandMichaelSchiavopetitionedacourttoremovethetubeandendTerri’slife.Heconvincedacourthiswifewouldnotwanttoliveinwhatdoctorscalla“persistentvegetativestate,”consciousbutunaware，andaccordingtomedicalexpertslikeDr．CarlosGomez，unabletofeel．“Theydon’texpresshunger．Theydon’texpressthirst．Theydon’texpresspain.”

ButtherequesttoallowTerriSchiavotodiestartedalegalbattlebetweenMr.Schiavoandhiswife’sparentswhosaidshedidrespondandtriedtotalkandthatstarvinghertodeathwasmurder.

Thebattleinvolvednotonlythecourtsbutalsotheexecutivebranch：

FloridaGovernorJebBush,hisbrother，PresidentGeorgeW．Bush，andtheU．S．Congress．TheFloridaSupremeCourtstruckdowna1awthatwouldhaveallowedGovernorBushtoorderdoctorstofeedMrs.Schiavo.

AnothercourtdeniedtheGovernor’srequesttoletthestatetakeherintoprotectivecustody.

“Fromapersonalperspectiveitjustbreaksmyheartthatwedonoterronthesideoflife,”saidthegovernor.

Allofherparents’appealswererejectedandTerriSchiavo’sfeedingtubewasfinallyremovedMarch18.

Oneprocedurebothsidesnowwantisanautopsytoresolvequestionsabouttheextentofherbraindamageandwhetherthedecisiontopullherofflifesupportwasacorrectone.

II.PairWork

Hereissomebackgroundinformationforthisactivity．

Inpublichealth，abigkillerisadiseaseorothermajorcauseoflossofhumanlife-Examplesinclude：

Cancer：

23%ofdeaths;

Circulatorydiseases：

36%;

Diabetes：

1／3ofheartattackvictimssufferfromdiabetes;

Infectiousdiseases：

AIDSandTB；

Neurologicalillness：

Parkinson’sdisease，Alzhermer’sdisease，aswellasclinicaldepression；

Trafficaccidents．

Introduction

Humanbeingshavealwaysfacedbasicquestionsofethics．Butmoderntechnologyhasbroughtmanynewcomplicationsthatmakesuchdecisionsmoredifficultnow．Thisisespeciallytrueinmedicinewheretheethicaldecisionsaremattersoflifeanddeath．

Thewondersofmodernmedicinedazzleusdailyaswereadaboutnewdiscoveriesandlifesavingtechniques.Smallpox，oneoftheancientscourgesofhumanity，hasnowbeenvirtuallyeliminated.Patientswhosekidneyshaveceasedtofunctionliveonthankstotherecentlyinventeddialysismachine.Peoplewhojustafewdecadesagowouldhavebeenpronounceddeadwhentheirheartsstoppedbeatingarerushedintosurgeryandgivenanewheart；manylaterreturntonormallife．Thisallseemslikewonderfulnews，butisthereadarkersidetothesemedicalmiracles?

Asissooftenthecase，newbenefitsbringnewproblems．Itbecomesmoreandmoredifficultfordoctors，nurses，andpatientstoknowwhatisrightandwronginmedicine．Thearticlegivesanoverviewofthesecomplexquestions．

Inthefirstpartofthearticle（Paragraphs1-7），AbigailTraffordintroducesustothemoderndilemmainmedicine：

whethersurvivalorqualityoflifeistheparamountgoalofmedicine，whichgivesrisetothegrowingnewdisciplineofbioethics．Mostoften，hardchoicesconcerninglifeordeathhavetobemadeeitherattheendforthetreatmentofthedying（Paragraphs8-13）oratthebeginningfortheverysicknewborn（Paragraphs14-18）．Doctorsmayfeeltheyareundersiegeandoftenrelyoncommitteestodecideforthemwhetherornottocontinuetreatment（Paragraphs19-21）．Thisdilemmahasevenmovedontothelevelofnationalpolicyandwillremainas“thebasicquestioninmodernmedicine”（Paragraphs22-25）．

BackgroundInformation

1.AbigailTraffordisanauthor,columnistandformereditorofthehealthsectionoftheWashingtonPost．Shehosts“HealthTalk,”anonlinetalkshowonwashingtonpost,com．TraffordistheauthorofCrazyTime：

SurvivingDivorceandBuildingaNewLife（1982）andMyTime：

MakingtheMostoftheRestofYourLife（2004）．

2.DukKooKim：

（1959-1982）aSouthKoreanboxer，whodiedafterlosingalightweighttitlefightinabravedisplayofwillandcourageagainstpopularchampionRay“BoomBoom”Mancini.ThisfightfatallyinjuredDukKooKimin14throundofaboxingmatchonNovember13，1982.Minutesafterthefightwasover，Kimcollapsedintoacoma，andwastakentoahospital．Emergencybrainsurgerywasdonetheretotrytosavehislife，butthateffortprovedtobefutile，asKimlosthislifefivedaysafterthematch，onNovember18.Followingthisfight，thenumberofroundswaschangedfrom15to12.

3.theHospiceMovement：

Ahospiceisaplacewherepeoplewhohaveaterminalorfatalillnessaretreateduntiltheydie．Thehospicemovementspecializesinpaincontrolandtheaimofthehospicemovementistogivepeoplewithpainfulandterminaldiseasesthebestpossiblequalityoflife．Themodernhospicemovementbeganinthe1960sandmanyhaveaChristianfoundation．AlthoughmanyofthedoctorsandnurseswhoworkatthehospicesmaybeChristian，thepatientscanbeofanyfaithorofnone．Thestaffnotonlylookafterthepatients，theyhelpthempreparefortheirdeathsandalsohelptherelativesprepareforthelossoftheirlovedones．Theatmosphereatahospicewillbealovingandcaringone，wherethepatientsandtherelativesareencouragedtotalkaboutdeathanddying．Hospicesareconcernednotonlywiththephysicalheathoftheirpatients,butalsowiththeiremotional，psychologicalandspiritualhealth．

4.Parkinson'sdisease：

adiseaseofthenervoussystemwhichcausesthemusclestobecomestiffandthebodytoshake，andwhichgraduallygetsworseasapersongetsolder．Thediseasewasfirstdiscoveredanditssymptomsdocumentedin1817bytheBritishphysicianDr.JamesParkinson.IntheUnitedStates，theprevalenceofParkinson’sdiseaseis1per625people，thoughthisincreaseswithage，asindicatedbythemeanonsetof55yearsofage.

5.Alzheimer’sdisease：

aseriousdisease，especiallyaffectingolderpeople，thatpreventsthebrainfromfunctioningnormallyandcauseslossofmemory，lossofabilitytospeakclearly，etc．ThesymptomsofthediseaseasadistinctnosologicentitywerefirstidentifiedbyEmilKraepelin，andthecharacteristicneuropathologywasfirstobservedbyAloisAlzheimerin1906.Inthissense,thediseasewasco-discoveredbyKraepelinandAlzheimer，whoworkedinKraepelin’slaboratory.BecauseoftheoverwhelmingimportanceKraepelinattachedtofindingtheneuropathologicalbasisofpsychiatricdisorders，KraepelinmadethegenerousdecisionthatthediseasewouldbearAlzheimer’sname.2-3%ofpersonsaged65showsignsofthedisease，while25%ormoreofpersonsaged85havesymptomsofAlzheimer’sandanevengreaternumberhavesomeofthepathologicalhallmarksofthediseasewithoutthecharacteristicsymptoms．TheproportionofpersonswithAlzheimer’sbeginstodecreaseafterage85becauseoftheincreasedmortalityduetothedisease，andrelativelyfewpeopleovertheageof100havethedisease．

6.spinabifida：

aseriousconditioninwhichaperson’sspinedoesnotdevelopcorrectlybeforetheyareborn，sothattheirspinalcordisnotprotected．Spinabifidaresultsinvaryingdegreesofparalysis，absenceofskinsensation，incontinence，andspineandlimbproblemsdependingontheseverityandlocationofthelesiondamageonthespine．Inveryrarecases，cognitiveproblemsalsoresult．Mostbabiesbornwiththeconditionwillneedsurgeriestocorrectspinal，footorlegproblems，shuntsurgerytodrainfluidfromthebrain，applicationoftechniquestocontrolbladderandbowelfunction，andbracesandotherequipmenttoassistinwalking．IntheUnitedStates,spinabifidaoccursinaboutoneinevery1-2000births.

7.Down'ssyndrome：

（alsocalledDownsyndrome）aconditionwhichsomepeoplearebornwithandwhichmeanstheyhavelowerthanaveragementalability，aflatfaceandnose，andslopingeyes．Down’ssyndromeencompassesanumberofgeneticdisorders，ofwhichtrisomy21isthemostrepresentative，causinghighlyvariabledegreesoflearningdifficultiesandphysicaldisabilities.ItisnamedforJohnLangdon-Down，theBritishdoctorwhofirstdescribedit．IncidenceofDown’ssyndromeisestimatedat1per660births,makingitthemostcommonchromosomalabnormality．Maternalageinfluencestheriskofconceivingababywiththesyndrome．Atage20-24，itisonly1／1490，whileatage40itis1／106andatage49itis1／11.

LanguagePoints

1.dilemma（title）：

asituationinwhichitisverydifficul