北华大学研究生新世纪公共英语第二册第3单元 Microsoft Word 文档.docx

1、北华大学研究生新世纪公共英语第二册第3单元 Microsoft Word 文档Unit Three Doctors Dilemma: Treat or Let Die?ObjectivesStudents should be able to：1. understand the concept of bioethics；2. develop a sensible attitude in issues like the one raised in the article；3. grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in t

2、he text；4. conduct a series of reading，listening，speaking，and writing activities centered on the theme of the unitTime Allotment1st period: Warm-up；Text (introduction and text organization; Paragraphs 1-7) 2nd period: Text (Paragraphs 8-18)3rd period: Text (Paragraphs 19-25); Exercises4th period: st

3、udents presentation concerning their projects; check on supplementary readingsI. Group DiscussionMake sure that the students are familiar with the case of Terri Schiavo. Organize the students to conduct the discussion in groupsEach group should have a secretary to note down their discussion so that

4、the whole class can share ideas together later in classHere is a broadcast report on the Terri Schiavo case Terri Schiavo Dies Amid ControversyThe case of Terri Schiavo，the American woman who died Thursday(March 31，2005)，13 days after her feeding tube was removed, drew worldwide attention to the iss

5、ues of the right to live and the right to dieTerri Schiavo was 26-years-old when she collapsed and suffered severe brain damageShe spent the next 15 years kept alive by a feeding tube inserted into her stomachIn 1998, her husband Michael Schiavo petitioned a court to remove the tube and end Terris l

6、ife. He convinced a court his wife would not want to live in what doctors call a “persistent vegetative state,” conscious but unaware，and according to medical experts like DrCarlos Gomez，unable to feel“They dont express hungerThey dont express thirstThey dont express pain.”But the request to allow T

7、erri Schiavo to die started a legal battle between Mr. Schiavo and his wifes parents who said she did respond and tried to talk and that starving her to death was murder.The battle involved not only the courts but also the executive branch：Florida Governor Jeb Bush, his brother，President George WBus

8、h，and the USCongressThe Florida Supreme Court struck down a 1aw that would have allowed Governor Bush to order doctors to feed Mrs. Schiavo.Another court denied the Governors request to let the state take her into protective custody.“From a personal perspective it just breaks my heart that we do not

9、 err on the side of life,” said the governor.All of her parents appeals were rejected and Terri Schiavos feeding tube was finally removed March 18. One procedure both sides now want is an autopsy to resolve questions about the extent of her brain damage and whether the decision to pull her off life

10、support was a correct one.II. Pair WorkHere is some background information for this activityIn public health，a big killer is a disease or other major cause of loss of human life-Examples include：Cancer：23% of deaths;Circulatory diseases：36%;Diabetes：13 of heart attack victims suffer from diabetes;In

11、fectious diseases：AIDS and TB；Neurological illness：Parkinsons disease，Alzhermers disease，as well as clinical depression；Traffic accidentsIntroductionHuman beings have always faced basic questions of ethicsBut modern technology has brought many new complications that make such decisions more difficul

12、t nowThis is especially true in medicine where the ethical decisions are matters of life and deathThe wonders of modern medicine dazzle us daily as we read about new discoveries and lifesaving techniques. Smallpox，one of the ancient scourges of humanity，has now been virtually eliminated. Patients wh

13、ose kidneys have ceased to function live on thanks to the recently invented dialysis machine. People who just a few decades ago would have been pronounced dead when their hearts stopped beating are rushed into surgery and given a new heart；many later return to normal lifeThis all seems like wonderfu

14、l news，but is there a darker side to these medical miracles? As is so often the case，new benefits bring new problemsIt becomes more and more difficult for doctors，nurses，and patients to know what is right and wrong in medicineThe article gives an overview of these complex questionsIn the first part

15、of the article (Paragraphs 1-7)，Abigail Trafford introduces us to the modern dilemma in medicine：whether survival or quality of life is the paramount goal of medicine，which gives rise to the growing new discipline of bioethicsMost often，hard choices concerning life or death have to be made either at

16、 the end for the treatment of the dying (Paragraphs 8-13)or at the beginning for the very sick newborn (Paragraphs 14-18)Doctors may feel they are under siege and often rely on committees to decide for them whether or not to continue treatment (Paragraphs 19-21)This dilemma has even moved onto the l

17、evel of national policy and will remain as“the basic question in modern medicine”(Paragraphs 22-25)Background Information1. Abigail Trafford is an author, columnist and former editor of the health section of the Washington PostShe hosts“Health Talk,”an online talk show on washingtonpost,comTrafford

18、is the author of Crazy Time：Surviving Divorce and Building a New Life(1982)and My Time：Making the Most of the Rest of Your Life(2004)2. Duk Koo Kim：(1959-1982) a South Korean boxer，who died after losing a lightweight title fight in a brave display of will and courage against popular champion Ray“Boo

19、m Boom”Mancini. This fight fatally injured Duk Koo Kim in 14th round of a boxing match on November 13，1982. Minutes after the fight was over，Kim collapsed into a coma，and was taken to a hospitalEmergency brain surgery was done there to try to save his life，but that effort proved to be futile，as Kim

20、lost his life five days after the match，on November 18. Following this fight，the number of rounds was changed from 15 to 12. 3. the Hospice Movement：A hospice is a place where people who have a terminal or fatal illness are treated until they dieThe hospice movement specializes in pain control and t

21、he aim of the hospice movement is to give people with painful and terminal diseases the best possible quality of lifeThe modern hospice movement began in the 1 960s and many have a Christian foundationAlthough many of the doctors and nurses who work at the hospices may be Christian，the patients can

22、be of any faith or of noneThe staff not only look after the patients，they help them prepare for their deaths and also help the relatives prepare for the loss of their loved onesThe atmosphere at a hospice will be a loving and caring one，where the patients and the relatives are encouraged to talk abo

23、ut death and dyingHospices are concerned not only with the physical heath of their patients, but also with their emotional，psychological and spiritual health 4. Parkinsons disease：a disease of the nervous system which causes the muscles to become stiff and the body to shake，and which gradually gets

24、worse as a person gets olderThe disease was first discovered and its symptoms documented in 1817 by the British physician Dr. James Parkinson. In the United States，the prevalence of Parkinsons disease is 1 per 625 people，though this increases with age，as indicated by the mean onset of 55 years of ag

25、e. 5. Alzheimers disease：a serious disease，especially affecting older people，that prevents the brain from functioning normally and causes loss of memory，loss of ability to speak clearly，etcThe symptoms of the disease as a distinct nosologic entity were first identified by Emil Kraepelin，and the char

26、acteristic neuropathology was first observed by Alois Alzheimer in 1906. In this sense, the disease was co-discovered by Kraepelin and Alzheimer，who worked in Kraepelins laboratory. Because of the overwhelming importance Kraepelin attached to finding the neuropathological basis of psychiatric disord

27、ers，Kraepelin made the generous decision that the disease would bear Alzheimers name. 2-3% of persons aged 65 show signs of the disease，while 25% or more of persons aged 85 have symptoms of Alzheimers and an even greater number have some of the pathological hallmarks of the disease without the chara

28、cteristic symptomsThe proportion of persons with Alzheimers begins to decrease after age 85 because of the increased mortality due to the disease，and relatively few people over the age of 100 have the disease6. spina bifida：a serious condition in which a persons spine does not develop correctly befo

29、re they are born，so that their spinal cord is not protectedSpina bifida results in varying degrees of paralysis，absence of skin sensation，incontinence，and spine and limb problems depending on the severity and location of the lesion damage on the spineIn very rare cases，cognitive problems also result

30、Most babies born with the condition will need surgeries to correct spinal，foot or leg problems，shunt surgery to drain fluid from the brain，application of techniques to control bladder and bowel function，and braces and other equipment to assist in walkingIn the United States, spina bifida occurs in a

31、bout one in every 1-2000 births. 7. Downs syndrome：(also called Down syndrome)a condition which some people are born with and which means they have lower than average mental ability，a flat face and nose，and sloping eyesDowns syndrome encompasses a number of genetic disorders，of which trisomy 21 is t

32、he most representative，causing highly variable degrees of learning difficulties and physical disabilities. It is named for John Langdon-Down，the British doctor who first described itIncidence of Downs syndrome is estimated at 1 per 660 births, making it the most common chromosomal abnormalityMaternal age influences the risk of conceiving a baby with the syndromeAt age 20-24，it is only 11490，while at age 40 it is 1106 and at age 49 it is 111. Language Points 1. dilemma (title)：a situation in which it is very difficul