现代物流学第五章PPT.ppt

现代物流学第五章PPT.ppt

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1-1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.SupplyChainLogisticsManagementChapter10:

InventoryManagementandStrategy1-2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.FocusingonInventorynSales=$100,000nAverageinventory=$50,000nRangeofinventory（$30,000-70,000）nAnnualturns=2.00nDaysofsupply=1801-3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.InventoryCostsnProductioncostnOrdercostnInventorycarryingcosts（holdingcost）Opportunitycost（15%）Taxesandinsurance（1%）Pilferageandobsolescence（1%）Storage（2%）1-4McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.InventoryManagementCriterianInventoryturnover（库存周转率）nProductfillrate（产品满足率）nOrderfillrate（订单满足率）nCycleServiceLevel（CSL）（周期服务水平）1-5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.InventoryPolicynManageWheretostock?

Whentoorder?

Howmuchtoorder?

nMainpolicies（R,Q）（R,S）（t,Q）（t,S）1-6McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.InventoryCycleforTypicalProductAverageInventory1001000200OrderArrival20days40days1-7McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.InventoryCycleforTypicalProductAverageInventory100100020020days40days10days30daysAverageInventory501-8McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.EconomicOrderQuantity（EOQ）nTC=ordercost+productioncost+holdingcostnEOQ=（2C0D/CiU）1/2nWhere:

C0=costperorderD=annualsalesvolumeCi=annualinventorycarryingcostU=costperunit1-9McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.EOQwithVolumeTransportationRatenTC=ordercost+productioncost+holdingcost+transportationcostnEOQwithvolumetransportationrate=?

.nwhereC0=costperorderD=annualsalesvolumeCi=annualinventorycarryingcostU=costperunitR1=transportationcostperunitifthevolumelessthanQR2=transportationcostperunitifthevolumenolessthanQ1-10McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.InventoryCycleforUncertainDemandSafetyStock20010days20daysOrderQuantity1-11McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.DeterminingSafetyStocknSL=f（OQ-DD*LT/C）nWhere:

f（x）=NormallossintegralSL=desiredservicelevelinpercentunitfillrateOQ=orderquantityDD=dailydemandforleadtimeLT=leadtimeC=standarddeviationofleadtimedemand1-12McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.ExampleSafetyStockCalculationnKeyparametersDD=100units/day,d=30LT=4days,OQ=500units1-13McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.CalculatingServiceLevelC=LT1/2*d=60OQ-LT*DD=100（OQ-LT*DD）/C=100/60SL=f（100/60）=0.9521-14McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Whathappensif

（1）Reducetheleadtimeto2days

（2）IncreasetheOQto550（3）Reducethevarianceto20/day1-15McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.ImpactofChangesinUncertaintyLevel1-16McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.ImpactofOrderQuantityonSafetyStock1-17McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.DistributionResourcePlanningnExamplenBenefitsandrisks1-18McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsr