现代物流学第五章PPT.ppt

1、 1-1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Supply Chain Logistics ManagementChapter 10:Inventory Management and Strategy 1-2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First

2、 Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Focusing on InventorynSales=$100,000nAverage inventory=$50,000nRange of inventory($30,000-70,000)nAnnual turns=2.00nDays of supply=180 1-3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Ed

3、ition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Inventory CostsnProduction costnOrder costnInventory carrying costs(holding cost)Opportunity cost(15%)Taxes and insurance(1%)Pilferage and obsolescence(1%)Storage(2%)1-4McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain L

4、ogistics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Inventory Management CriterianInventory turnover(库存周转率)nProduct fill rate(产品满足率)nOrder fill rate(订单满足率)nCycle Service Level(CSL)(周期服务水平)1-5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Log

5、istics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Inventory PolicynManageWhere to stock?When to order?How much to order?nMain policies(R,Q)(R,S)(t,Q)(t,S)1-6McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Edition.Bo

6、wersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Inventory Cycle for Typical ProductAverage Inventory1001000200Order Arrival20 days40 days 1-7McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The Mc

7、Graw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Inventory Cycle for Typical ProductAverage Inventory 100100 0200 20 days40 days10 days30 daysAverage Inventory50 1-8McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.A

8、ll rights reserved.Economic Order Quantity(EOQ)nTC=order cost+production cost+holding costnEOQ=(2C0D/CiU)1/2nWhere:C0=cost per orderD=annual sales volumeCi=annual inventory carrying costU=cost per unit 1-9McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copy

9、right 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.EOQ with Volume Transportation Rate nTC=order cost+production cost+holding cost+transportation costnEOQ with volume transportation rate=?.nwhereC0=cost per orderD=annual sales volumeCi=annual inventory carrying costU=cost per unitR1=tra

10、nsportation cost per unit if the volume less than QR2=transportation cost per unit if the volume no less than Q 1-10McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Inventory Cycle for Uncer

11、tain DemandSafety Stock200 10 days 20 days Order Quantity 1-11McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Determining Safety Stockn SL=f(OQ-DD*LT/C)nWhere:f(x)=Normal loss integralSL=de

12、sired service level in percent unit fill rateOQ=order quantityDD=daily demand for lead timeLT=lead time C=standard deviation of lead time demand 1-12McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights r

13、eserved.Example Safety Stock CalculationnKey parametersDD=100 units/day,d=30LT=4 days,OQ=500 units 1-13McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Calculating Service LevelC=LT1/2*d=60O

14、Q-LT*DD=100(OQ-LT*DD)/C=100/60SL=f(100/60)=0.952 1-14McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.What happens if(1)Reduce the lead time to 2 days(2)Increase the OQ to 550(3)Reduce the v

15、ariance to 20/day 1-15McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Impact of Changes in Uncertainty Level 1-16McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Cl

16、oss,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Impact of Order Quantity on Safety Stock 1-17McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Distribution Resource PlanningnExamplenBenefits and risks 1-18McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupply Chain Logistics Management,First Edition.Bowersox,Closs,and Cooper.Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights r