高三英语材料之阅读理解.docx

高三英语材料之阅读理解.docx

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高三英语材料之阅读理解

高三英语材料之阅读理解

阅读理解1

A

Besidesentertainmentandbeautifullanterns,anotherimportantpartoftheLanternFestival,orYuanxiaoFestivaliseatingsmalldumplingballsmadeofglutinousriceflour.WecalltheseballsYuanxiaoorTangyuan.Obviously,theygetthenamefromthefestivalitself.ItissaidthatthecustomofeatingYuanxiaooriginatedduringtheEasternJinDynastyinthefourthcentury,thenbecamepopularduringtheTangandSongperiods.

ThefillingsinsidethedumplingsorYuansiaoareeithersweetorsalty.Sweetfillingsaremadeofsugar,Walnuts,sesame（芝麻）,osmanthusflowers（桂花）,rosepetals,sweetenedtangerine（橘子）peel,beanpaste,orjujubepaste（枣子酱）.Asingleingredientoranycombinationcanbeusedasthefilling.Thesaltyvarietyisfilledwithmincedmeat（肉末儿）,vegetablesoramixture.

ThewaytomakeYuanxiaoalsovariesbetweennorthernandsouthernChina.Theusualmethodfollowedinsouthernprovincesistoshapethedoughofriceflourintoballs,makeahole,insertthefilling,thenclosetheholeandsmoothoutthedumplingbyrollingitbetweenyourhands.InNorthChina,sweetornutmeatstuffingistheusualingredient.Thefillingsarepressedintohardenedcores,dippedlightlyinwaterandrolledinaflatbasketcontainingdryglutinousriceflour.Alayeroftheflourstickstothefilling,whichisthenagaindippedinwaterandrolledasecondtimeinthericeflour.Andsoitgoes,likerollingasnowball,untilthedumplingisthedesiredsize.

ThecustomofeatingYuanxiaodumplingsremains.ThistraditionencouragesbotholdandnewstorestopromotetheirYuanxiaoproducts.Theyalltrytheirbesttoimprovethetasteandqualityofthedumplingstoattractmorecustomers.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

 A．ThecustomofeatingYuanxiaodatesbacktothefourthcentury.

 B．Sugar,rosepetalsandmincedmeatareallfillingsofYuanxiao.

 C．SweetYuanxiaoareusuallymadeinsouthernChina.

 D．PeopleinnorthernChinausuallymakeYuanxiaobyrollinglikeasnowball.

2.WhichcountrydoestheLanternFestivalcomefrom?

A．China B．SouthKoreaC．JinDynasty D．TangandSongperiods.

3.ChoosetherightorderofmakingTangyuaninsouthernprovinces.

①makeaholeandinsertthefilling 

②rollthedoughbetweenyourhands 

③shapethedoughofriceflourintoballs  

④closethehole  

⑤preparesomericeflour

 A．⑤③②①④ B．③⑤①②④ C．③①④②⑤ D．⑤③①④②

4.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A．TheLanternFestival                      

B．TheingredientsofYuanxiao

C．ThedifferencebetweenYuanxiaoandTangyuan. 

D．China’straditionalfood—Yuanxiao.

5.WhydoweeatYuanxiaotoday?

A．Becauseit’satradition.

B．Becauseit’satastyfood.

C．Becauseweloveourcountry.

D．Becausethisfoodcanmakemoney.

B

Everyonebecomesalittlemoreforgetfulastheygetolder,butmen'smindsdeclinemorethanwomen's,accordingtotheresultsofaworldwidesurvey.

   Certaindifferencesseemtobeinherentinmaleandfemalebrains:

Menarebetteratmaintaininganddealingwithmentalimages（usefulinmathematicalreasoningandspatialskills）,whilewomentendtoexcel（擅长）atrecallinginformationfromtheirbrain'sfiles（helpfulwithlanguageskillsandrememberingthelocationsofobjects）.

   Manystudieshavelookedforaconnectionbetweensexandtheamountofmentaldecline（衰退）peopleexperienceastheyage,buttheresultshavebeenmixed.

   Somestudiesfoundmoreage-relateddeclineinmenthaninwomen,whileotherssawtheoppositeorevennorelationshipatallbetweensexandmentaldecline.Thoseresultscouldbeimproperbecausethestudiesinvolvedolderpeople,andwomenlivelongerthanmen:

Thementestedarethesurvivors,"sothey'retheonesthatmaynothaveshownsuchcognitivedecline,"saidstudyteamleaderElizabethoftheUniversityofWarwickinEngland.

   Peoplesurveyedcompletedfourtasksthattestedsex-relatedcognitiveskills:

matchinganobjecttoitsrotatedform,matchinglinesshownfromthesameangle,typingasmanywordsinaparticularcategory（范畴）aspossibleinthegiventime,e.g."objectusuallycoloredgray",andrecallingthelocationofobjectsinalinedrawing.Thefirsttwoweretasksatwhichmenusuallyexcel;thelatteraretypicallydominatedbywomen.

   Withineachagegroupstudied,menandwomenperformedbetterintheirseparatecategoriesonaverage.Andthoughperformancedeclinedwithageforbothgenders,womenshowedobviouslylessdeclinethanmenoverall.

1.Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans_________.

  A．natural  B．great C．obvious D．absolute

2．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanNotbetypedintothesamecategory?

  A．cloud  B．sheep C．trees D．goose

3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingthearticle?

  A．MendobetterthanwomenwhenitcomestolearningEnglish.

  B．Womenstandoutatrememberingpeople’snames.

  C．Menexcelattypingasmanywordsinaparticularcategoryaspossibleinthegiventime.

  D．Womenexcelatdealingmathematicproblems.

4．Oneimportantfactorthataffectsthecorrectnessoftheresultsisthat_________.

  A．theoldmentestedmaynothaveshownsuchcognitivedecline

  B．peoplesurveyedareallold

  C．peopletakingpartinthistestcamefromallovertheworld

  D．womenlivelongerthanmen

5．Theauthoraimstotellusthat__________.

  A．women’smindsperformbetterthanmen’s

  B．men’smindsdeclinemorewithage

  C．everyonebecomesalittlemoreforgetfulastheygetolder

  D．asurveyonhuman’sminddeclinewasdonerecently

C

Thelargestearthquake（magnitude里氏9.5）ofthe20thcenturyhappenedonMay22,1960offthecoastofSouthCentralChile.

   Itgenerated（生成）oneofthemostdestructivePacific-widetsunamis（海啸）.Nearthegeneratingarea,boththeearthquakeandthetsunamiwereverymuchdestructive,particularlyinthecoastalareafromConcepciontothesouthendofIslaChiloe.ThelargesttsunamidamageoccurredatIslaChiloe---thecoastalareaclosesttotheepicenter（震中）.Hugetsunamiwavesmeasuringashighas25metersarrivedwithin10to15minutesaftertheearthquake,killingatleasttwohundredpeople,sinkingalltheboats,andfloodinghalfakilometerinland.

   TherewaslargedamageandlossoflifeatConcepcion,Chile'stopindustrialcity.NearthecityofValdivia,theearthquakeandfollowingaftershocksgeneratedlandslideswhichkilled18people.AttheportcityofValparaiso,acityof200,000,manybuildingscollapsed.Atotalof130,000housesweredestroyed---oneineverythreeintheearthquakezoneandnearly2,000,000peoplewerelefthomeless.

Totaldamagelosses,includingtoagricultureandtoindustry,wereestimated（估计）tobeoverahalfbilliondollars.Thetotalnumberofdeathrelatedwithboththetsunamiandtheearthquakewasneverfoundaccuratelyfortheregion.Estimatesofdeathsreachedbetween490to5,7002withnodistinction（差别）astohowmanydeathswerecausedbytheearthquakeandhowmanywerecausedbythetsunami.However,itisbelievedthatmostofthedeathsinChilewerecausedbythetsunami.

1.Wheredidthelargestsunamidamageoccurred?

  A.Concepcion    B.IslaChiloe     C．Valdivia   D．Valparaiso

2．Whatcanwelearnaboutthetsunamiwavesgeneratedbytheearthquake?

  A．Thetsunamiwavesashighas25metersarrivedimmediatelyaftertheearthquake.

  B．Thetsunamiwaveskilled200peopleandsankallboats.

  C．Thetsunamiwaveswereverydestructive.

  D．Thetsunamiwavesfloodedhalfoftheinland.

3．WhatisgenerallythoughtthemaincauseofdeathsinChile?

  A．landslides     B．thetsunami     

C．aftershocks     D．themagnitude9.5earthquake

4．Whatisthetotalnumberofdeathsintheearthquake?

  A．2,000,000     B．between490to5,7002     

  C．200,000       D．itwashardtoknow.

5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”probablymean?

  A．wasdestroyed    B．caughtfire     

  C．wasflooded      D．sank

D

TheBritishNationalHealthService（NHS）wassetupin1948andwasdesignedtoprovideequalbasichealthcare,freeofcharge,foreverybodyinthecountry.Beforethistimehealthcarehadtobepaidforbyindividuals.

NowadayscentralgovernmentisdirectlyresponsiblefortheNHSalthoughitisadministeredbylocalhealthauthorities.About83percentofthecostofthehealthserviceispaidforbygeneraltaxationandtherestismetfromtheNationalInsurancecontributionspaidbythoseinwork.Therearechargesforprescriptionanddentalcarebutmanypeople,suchaschildren,pregnantwomen,pensioners,andthoseonIncomeSupport,areexemptfrompayment.

Mostpeopleareregisteredwithalocaldoctor（aGP,orGeneralPractitioner）whoisincreasinglylikelytobepartofahealthcentrewhichservesthecommunity.

AsthepopulationofBritaingetsolder,thehospitalservicenowtreatsmorepatientsthanbefore,althoughpatientsspendlesstimeinhospital.NHShospitals—manyofwhichwerebuiltinthenineteenthcentury—providenearlyhalfamillionbedsandhaveover480,000medicalstaff.TheNHSisthebiggestemployerinEuropealthoughBritainactuallyspendslessperpersononhealthcarethanmostofherEuropeanneighbours.

Duringthe1980stherewasconsiderablerestructuringoftheHealthServicewithanincreasedemphasisonmanagerialefficiencyandtheprivatizationofsomeservices（forexample,cleaning）.Attheendofthe1980sthegovernmentintroducedproposalsforfurtherreformoftheNHS,includingallowingsomehospitalstobeself-governing,andencouragingGPstocompeteforpatients.Patientswouldbeabletochooseandchangetheirfamilydoctormoreeasi