英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保技巧很有用及练习题.docx

英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保技巧很有用及练习题.docx

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英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保技巧很有用及练习题

【英语】高考英语阅读理解（科普环保）技巧（很有用）及练习题

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读理解

   KaitlinWoolleyandAyeletFishbachreportinPsychologicalSciencethatamealtaken"family-style"fromacentralplatecangreatlyimprovetheoutcomeoflaternegotiations.

   Havingconductedpreviousresearchin2017revealingthateatingsimilarfoodsledtopeoplefeelingemotionallyclosertooneanother,DrWoolleyandDrFishbachwonderedwhetherthewayinwhichfoodwasservedalsohadapsychologicaleffect.Theytheorizedthat,ontheonehand,sharingfoodwithotherpeoplemightindicatefoodscarcity（短缺）andincreaseafeelingofcompetition.However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.Curioustofindout,theydidaseriesofexperiments.

   Forthefirsttesttheyrecruited100pairsofparticipantsfromalocalcafe,noneofwhomkneweachother.Theparticipantswereseatedatatableandfedtortillachipswithsalsa.Halfthepairsweregiventheirownbasketof20gramsofchipsandabowlof25gramsofsalsa,andhalfweregiven40gramsofchipsand50gramsofsalsatoshare.Asacoverfortheexperiment,allparticipantsweretoldthissnackwastobeconsumedbeforethegamebegan.

   Thegameaskedtheparticipantstonegotiateanhourlywagerateduringafictionalstrike.Eachpersonwasrandomlyassignedtorepresenttheunionormanagementandfollowasetofrules.

   Theresearchersmeasuredcooperationbynotingthenumberofroundsittooktoreachanagreement,andfoundthatthosewhosharedfoodresolvedthestrikesignificantlyfaster（in8.7rounds）thanthosewhodidnot（13.2rounds）.Asimilarexperimentwasconductedwith104

participantsandGoldfishcrackers（饼干）,thistimenegotiatinganairline'srouteprices.Theresultsweremuchthesame,withthefood-sharersnegotiatingsuccessfully63.3%ofthetimeandthosewhodidnotsharedoingso42.9%ofthetime.

（1）Whatdoesthe"family-style"mealinthereportreferto？

A. Amealtakenathome.                                    

B. Amealsharedwithothers.

C. Amealconsumedbyoneself.                         

D. Amealtakeninafamilyatmosphere.

（2）Forwhatpurposedidtheresearcherscarryoutthepresentexperiments?

A. Toshowthewayfoodisserved.

B. Toprovesharingfoodincreasescompetition.

C. Toconfirmsharingfoodcanpromotecooperation.

D. Tofindoutwhethersharingfoodcangetpeoplecloseemotionally.

（3）Whywereparticipantsaskedtoeatupthesnackbeforethegame?

A. Toaddtotheirenergy.                                     

B. Torewardthemfortheirparticipation.

C. Tohidetheintentionoftheexperiment.       

D. Toavoidthedistractionduringthegame.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了外交宴席的心理学 ，研究表明，从中间菜采取的“家庭式”餐，可以大大改善后续谈判的结果。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Theytheorizedthat,ontheonehand,sharingfoodwithotherpeoplemightindicatefoodscarcity（短缺）andincreaseafeelingofcompetition.However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.”他们形成了一套理论，认为一方面，与他人一起吃饭可能表明粮食短缺，并加强了竞争的概念。

然而，他们还推断，这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求，从而推动合作性的行为。

可知family-style指的是与别人一起用餐，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.Curioustofindout,theydidaseriesofexperiments.” 然而，他们还推断，这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求，从而推动合作性的行为。

出于好奇心，他们做了一系列实验。

可知选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Asacoverfortheexperiment,allparticipantsweretoldthissnackwastobeconsumedbeforethegamebegan.”作为实验的掩护，所有受试者都得告在游戏开始前就要吃完这些零食。

可知选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解

   Inourtwenties,wefinditfunnywhenwecan'trememberourneighbor'scat'snameorahandsomeactorwhostarredinafamousmovie.Inourthirties,wejokinglycallit"brainfreeze".Inourforties,welaughitoffasa"seniormoment"andfollowupwithoneoftheseoldagejokes.Buttherealityisthattherecomesapointwhenbeingforgetfulstopsbeingfunnyandstartstoseemabitdreadful.Youthink,"AmIlosingit？

"Orworse,"IsthisasignofAlzheimer'sdisease（老年痴呆症）？

"

   Well,don'tworry.Thefactthatyourecognizeyourownforgetfulnessmaybeaverygoodsign,atleastintermsofthepossibilityofyourdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease（AD）.Theresearchersinanewstudyshowthatit'snotforgetfulnessbutnotbeingawarethatwe'reforgetfulthatweshouldfear.

   TheresearchersbeganwiththeassumptionthatonecommonfeatureofAlzheimer'sdis-easeisadamagedawarenessofillness.Andtheywantedtoprovetheirtheorythatthelackofawarenesscanbeusedtopredictwhethersomeonewith"mildcognitive（认知的）damage"willprogresstofull-onAD.Forthestudy,"mildcognitivedamage"wasdefinedassomeonewhosementalstatewasconsideredhealthybutwhohadeithercomplainedofmemorylossorhadsufferedobjectivememoryloss.

   Theresearchersusedexistingdatafor1,062peoplebetweentheagesof55and90thathadbeenrecordedovera12-yearperiod.Thedataincludedbrainscans,whichtheresearchersusedtolookforvisualsignsofreducedglucoseuptake（葡萄糖吸收）.ItisanobjectivemarkerofthesortofreducedbrainfunctionthatgoesalongwithAD.Asexpected,glucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithAD.Whattheresearchersalsodiscoveredwasthatglucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithmildcognitivedamagewhoalsoshowedevidenceofreducedillnessawareness.Finally,theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadreducedillnessawarenessweremorelikelytodevelopADthanthosewithout.

（1）Whatcanbeimpliedfromparagraph1？

A. Peoplecanbeforgetfulatdifferentages.

B. Thememoryoftheyoungisbetterthantheold.

C. OldpeoplearemostafraidofgettingAlzheimer'sdisease.

D. It'sararephenomenonwhenyoungpeopleforgetsomething.

（2）Whatstatementdoestheresearchersinthenewstudyagreewith?

A. Beingawareallthetimeisafearfulthing.

B. IllnessawarenesshasnothingtodowithAlzheimer'sdisease.

C. Recognizingforgetfulnessdoesn'tmeandevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease.

D. RealizingforgetfulnessmustbeasignofdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease.

（3）WhatcanbeasignofdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease?

A. Realizingothers'forgetfulness.                       

B. Reduceduptakeofglucose.

C. Havinghigherintakeofglucose.                    D. Expectedincreaseinbrainfunction.

（4）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A. Sciencefiction.       B. Achemistrybook.       C. Ascienceresearch.       D. Ahealthbrochure.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何预测你的记忆丧失是否是老年痴呆症,  一项新的研究表明，不是遗忘，而是没有意识到我们的健忘让人们感到害怕。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“ Inourtwenties,wefinditfunnywhenwecan'trememberourneighbor'scat'snameorahandsomeactorwhostarredinafamousmovie.Inourthirties,wejokinglycallit‘brainfreeze’Inourforties,welaughitoffasa‘seniormoment’andfollowupwithoneoftheseoldagejokes.Buttherealityisthattherecomesapointwhenbeingforgetfulstopsbeingfunnyandstartstoseemabitdreadful. ”在二十多岁的时候，当我们记不起邻居的猫的名字或是主演一部著名电影的英俊演员时，我们觉得很有趣。

在三十多岁的时候，我们开玩笑地称它为“大脑冻结”，在四十多岁的时候，我们把它当作“老年时期”来嘲笑，然后继续讲这些老年笑话。

但现实是，有这样的时候，健忘不再有趣，而且看起来有点可怕，可推知选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Thefactthatyourecognizeyourownforgetfulnessmaybeaverygoodsign,atleastintermsofthepossibilityofyourdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease（AD）”承认自己的健忘也许是一个很好的迹象，至少从你患老年痴呆症,的可能性来看，可知选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“ItisanobjectivemarkerofthesortofreducedbrainfunctionthatgoesalongwithAD.Asexpected,glucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithAD.”这是一个患有老年痴呆症降低了脑功能的客观标志。

正如所料，老年痴呆症患者的葡萄糖吸收降低，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，是一项科学研究，介绍了如何预测你的记忆丧失是否是老年痴呆症, 故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解

   Hackingisn'tjustforcomputersandsmartphones,AccordingtoastudypublishedlastweekinthejournalScience,scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant'sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday,theresultscouldincreasetheamountoffoodproducedaroundtheworld.

   Photosynthesis（光合作用）isthewordusedtodescribehowplantsusesunlight,water,andcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.Scientistswhoconductedthenewstudysaythisisaveryslowprocess.Plantsuselessthan1percentoftheenergyavailabletotherm.Butbyhackingaplant'sgenes,thescientistswereabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14and20percent.

   "Specifically,scientistshackedtheplant'sprotectivesystem.Normally,thissystemisactivatedwhenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight,"saidscientistKrishnaNiyogi,co-authorofthestudy.Whentheplantsensesthelight,itgetsridofextraenergyandcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade,theprotectivesystemisturnedoff,buttheprocessisslow.

   StephenLongistheleadauthorofthestudy.Hecomparedaplant'sprotectivesystemtolight-adjustingglasses.Whenapersonwearstheglassesoutsideduringtheday,thelenses（镜片）darkenandlightendependingonhowsunnyitis.Plantsdothesamething,hesaid.Butinplantstheadjustmentcantakeanywherefrom10minutestoanhour.Thismakesithardforplantstogettherightamountofsunlightneededtocreatefood.

   Thenewstudyspeduptheprocess.Bychangingtheplant'sgenes,theprotectivesystemturnedonandoffmorequicklythannormal.Asaresult,leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.Leafgrowthintwoplantsincreasedby20percent,whileleafgrowthonathirdplantincreasedby14percent.Scientistsconductedthestudyontobacc