英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保技巧很有用及练习题.docx

1、英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保技巧很有用及练习题【英语】高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)技巧(很有用)及练习题一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读理解 Kaitlin Woolley and Ayelet Fishbach report in Psychological Science that a meal taken family-style from a central plate can greatly improve the outcome of later negotiations. Having conducted previous research in 2017 reveali

2、ng that eating similar foods led to people feeling emotionally closer to one another, Dr Woolley and Dr Fishbach wondered whether the way in which food was served also had a psychological effect. They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and

3、 increase a feeling of competition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments. For the first test they recruited 100 pairs of participants from a

4、 local cafe, none of whom knew each other. The participants were seated at a table and fed tortilla chips with salsa. Half the pairs were given their own basket of 20 grams of chips and a bowl of 25 grams of salsa, and half were given 40 grams of chips and 50 grams of salsa to share. As a cover for

5、the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began. The game asked the participants to negotiate an hourly wage rate during a fictional strike. Each person was randomly assigned to represent the union or management and follow a set of rules. The researcher

6、s measured cooperation by noting the number of rounds it took to reach an agreement, and found that those who shared food resolved the strike significantly faster（in 8. 7rounds）than those who did not（13.2 rounds）. A similar experiment was conducted with 104participants and Goldfish crackers（饼干）, thi

7、s time negotiating an airlines route prices. The results were much the same, with the food-sharers negotiating successfully 63. 3%of the time and those who did not share doing so 42. 9%of the time. （1）What does the family-style meal in the report refer to？ A.A meal taken at home.B.A meal shared with

8、 others.C.A meal consumed by oneself.D.A meal taken in a family atmosphere.（2）For what purpose did the researchers carry out the present experiments? A.To show the way food is served.B.To prove sharing food increases competition.C.To confirm sharing food can promote cooperation.D.To find out whether

9、 sharing food can get people close emotionally.（3）Why were participants asked to eat up the snack before the game? A.To add to their energy.B.To reward them for their participation.C.To hide the intention of the experiment.D.To avoid the distraction during the game.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文

10、，介绍了外交宴席的心理学，研究表明，从中间菜采取的“家庭式”餐，可以大大改善后续谈判的结果。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of competition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others ne

11、eds and drive cooperative behavior as a result.”他们形成了一套理论，认为一方面，与他人一起吃饭可能表明粮食短缺，并加强了竞争的概念。然而，他们还推断，这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求，从而推动合作性的行为。可知family-style指的是与别人一起用餐，故选B。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others needs and drive cooperative

12、behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments.”然而，他们还推断，这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求，从而推动合作性的行为。 出于好奇心，他们做了一系列实验。可知选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began.”作为实验的掩护，所有受试者都得告在游戏开始前就要吃完这些零食

13、。可知选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读理解 In our twenties, we find it funny when we cant remember our neighbors cats name or a handsome actor who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it brain freeze. In our forties, we laugh it off as a senior

14、moment and follow up with one of these old age jokes. But the reality is that there comes a point when being forgetful stops being funny and starts to seem a bit dreadful. You think, Am I losing it？Or worse, Is this a sign of Alzheimers disease（老年痴呆症）？ Well, dont worry. The fact that you recognize y

15、our own forgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibility of your developing Alzheimers disease（AD）. The researchers in a new study show that its not forgetfulness but not being aware that were forgetful that we should fear. The researchers began with the assumption that on

16、e common feature of Alzheimers dis-ease is a damaged awareness of illness. And they wanted to prove their theory that the lack of awareness can be used to predict whether someone with mild cognitive（认知的）damage will progress to full-on AD. For the study, mild cognitive damage was defined as someone w

17、hose mental state was considered healthy but who had either complained of memory loss or had suffered objective memory loss. The researchers used existing data for 1, 062 people between the ages of 55 and 90 that had been recorded over a 12-year period. The data included brain scans, which the resea

18、rchers used to look for visual signs of reduced glucose uptake（葡萄糖吸收）.It is an objective marker of the sort of reduced brain function that goes along with AD.As expected, glucose uptake was reduced in those with AD. What the researchers also discovered was that glucose uptake was reduced in those wi

19、th mild cognitive damage who also showed evidence of reduced illness awareness. Finally, the researchers found that those who had reduced illness awareness were more likely to develop AD than those without.（1）What can be implied from paragraph 1？ A.People can be forgetful at different ages.B.The mem

20、ory of the young is better than the old.C.Old people are most afraid of getting Alzheimers disease.D.Its a rare phenomenon when young people forget something.（2）What statement does the researchers in the new study agree with? A.Being aware all the time is a fearful thing.B.Illness awareness has noth

21、ing to do with Alzheimers disease.C.Recognizing forgetfulness doesnt mean developing Alzheimers disease.D.Realizing forgetfulness must be a sign of developing Alzheimers disease.（3）What can be a sign of developing Alzheimers disease? A.Realizing others forgetfulness.B.Reduced uptake of glucose.C.Hav

22、ing higher intake of glucose.D.Expected increase in brain function.（4）From which is the text probably taken? A.Science fiction.B.A chemistry book.C.A science research.D.A health brochure.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何预测你的记忆丧失是否是老年痴呆症,一项新的研究表明，不是遗忘，而是没有意识到我们的健忘让人们感到害怕。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的

23、“In our twenties, we find it funny when we cant remember our neighbors cats name or a handsome actor who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it brain freeze In our forties, we laugh it off as asenior moment and follow up with one of these old age jokes. But the reality is th

24、at there comes a point when being forgetful stops being funny and starts to seem a bit dreadful. ”在二十多岁的时候，当我们记不起邻居的猫的名字或是主演一部著名电影的英俊演员时，我们觉得很有趣。在三十多岁的时候，我们开玩笑地称它为“大脑冻结”，在四十多岁的时候，我们把它当作“老年时期”来嘲笑，然后继续讲这些老年笑话。但现实是，有这样的时候，健忘不再有趣，而且看起来有点可怕，可推知选A。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ The fact that you recognize your own f

25、orgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibility of your developing Alzheimers disease（AD） ”承认自己的健忘也许是一个很好的迹象，至少从你患老年痴呆症,的可能性来看，可知选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ It is an objective marker of the sort of reduced brain function that goes along with AD.As expected, glucose uptake was r

26、educed in those with AD. ”这是一个患有老年痴呆症降低了脑功能的客观标志。正如所料，老年痴呆症患者的葡萄糖吸收降低，故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，是一项科学研究，介绍了如何预测你的记忆丧失是否是老年痴呆症,故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读理解 Hacking isnt just for computers and smartphones, According to a study published last week in t

27、he journal Science, scientists have found a way to hack a plants genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the amount of food produced around the world. Photosynthesis（光合作用）is the word used to describe how plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide

28、to make their own food. Scientists who conducted the new study say this is a very slow process. Plants use less than 1 percent of the energy available to therm. But by hacking a plants genes, the scientists were able to increase the amount of leaf growth on plants between 14 and 20 percent. Specific

29、ally, scientists hacked the plants protective system. Normally, this system is activated when a plant gets too much sunlight, said scientist Krishna Niyogi, co-author of the study. When the plant senses the light, it gets rid of extra energy and creates more leaves. When the plant is in shade, the p

30、rotective system is turned off, but the process is slow. Stephen Long is the lead author of the study. He compared a plants protective system to light-adjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day, the lenses（镜片）darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do t

31、he same thing, he said. But in plants the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. This makes it hard for plants to get the right amount of sunlight needed to create food. The new study sped up the process. By changing the plants genes, the protective system turned on and off more quickly than normal. As a result, leaf growth on the plants scientists used in the study increased. Leaf growth in two plants increased by 20 percent, while leaf growth on a third plant increased by 14 percent. Scientists conducted the study on tobacc