科技英语与英语科技论文写作三黄彦.ppt
《科技英语与英语科技论文写作三黄彦.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《科技英语与英语科技论文写作三黄彦.ppt(41页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
研究生科技英语课程研究生科技英语课程科技英语写作科技英语写作黄彦黄彦南京工业大学化学化工学院教育部材料化学工程重点实验室1实验过程描述实验过程描述HowtowritetheExperimental(or“Experimentalsection”?
2实验过程描述实验过程描述nMainpurpose:
todescribetheexperimentaldesignandthenprovideenoughdetailsothatacompetentworkercanrepeattheexperiments.nGivethefulldetails.Carefulwritingofthissectioniscriticallyimportantbecausethecornerstoneofthescientificmethodrequiresthatyourresultsmustbereproducible.nMostofthissectionshouldbewritteninthepasttense.3实验过程描述实验过程描述nMany(probablymost)readersofyourpaperwillskipthissection.nHowever,Whenyourpaperissubjectedtopeerreview,agoodreviewerwillreadtheExperimentalExperimentalcarefully.Ifthereisseriousdoubtthatyourexperimentscouldberepeated,thereviewerwillrecommendrejectionofyourmanuscriptnomatterhowexcitedyourresults.Example:
Commentsofreview,Manuscript,Revisedandresubmitted.4实验过程描述实验过程描述http:
/1、Exception2nWhenpossible,constructsubheadingsthatmatchthosetobeusedinResults,sothatthereaderwillbeabletograspquicklytherelationshipofaparticularmethodologytotherelatedResults.Example1Example2.6实验过程描述实验过程描述MethodsnMethodsaresimilartocookbookrecipes.Ifareactionmixturewasheated,givethetemperature;Uponasolution,givethecomposition.nUsualorderfordescriptionoftheactivity:
chronological.Example1Example2.nIfyourmethodisnew(unpublished),youmustprovidealloftheneededdetail.nifamethodhasbeenpreviouslypublishedinastandardjournal,youmayjustgivethereference.However,youmayre-describeitbriefly.n设计实验时要注意可描述性、可操作性、易重复性。
设计实验时要注意可描述性、可操作性、易重复性。
7结果与讨论结果与讨论HowtowritetheResults&Discussion?
透过现象看本质ResultsResultsDiscussionDiscussion8结果与讨论结果与讨论HowtowritetheResults&Discussion?
一、结果与讨论分开写二、结果与讨论合在一起写9结果与讨论结果与讨论一、结果与讨论分开写Example1Example2Example310结果与讨论结果与讨论一、结果与讨论分开写结果部分的写法11实验结果描述实验结果描述nYoushouldpresentrepresentativedataratherthanendlesslyrepetitivedata.nToHandleNumbers:
Ifoneoronlyafewdataaretobepresented,theyshouldbetreateddescriptivelyinthetext.Moredatashouldbegivenintablesorgraphs.nThewholepapermuststandonthebasisoftheResults.Thus,theResultsmustbepresentedasclearaspossible.12实验结果描述实验结果描述http:
/1Example2Example316讨论部分讨论部分nTheprimarypurposeoftheDiscussionistoshowtherelationshipsamongobservedfacts.nStory1Aftertrainingthefleaformanymonths,thebiologistwasabletogetaresponsetocertaincommands.Themostgratifying令人满意的oftheexperimentswastheoneinwhichtheprofessorwouldshoutthecommand“Jump,”andthefleawouldleapintotheaireachtimethecommandwasgiven.Theprofessorwasabouttosubmitthisremarkablefeat技艺toposterity后世viaascientificjournal,butheinthemannerofthetruescientistdecidedtotakehisexperimentsonestepfurther.17讨论部分讨论部分Heplannedtodeterminethelocationofthereceptororganinvolved.Inoneexperiment,heremovedthelegsoftheflea,oneatatime.Thefleaobligingly亲切地continuedtojumpuponcommand,butaseachsuccessivelegwasremoved,itsjumpsbecamelessspectacular壮观.Finally,withtheremovalofitslastleg,theflearemainedmotionless.Timeaftertimethecommandfailedtogettheusualresponse.18讨论部分讨论部分Theprofessordecidedthatatlasthecouldpublishhisfindings.Hesetpentopaperanddescribedinmeticulous小心翼翼的detailtheexperimentsexecutedovertheprecedingmonths.Hisconclusionwasoneintendedtostartle震惊thescientificworld:
Whenthelegsofafleaareremoved,thefleacannolongerhear.19讨论部分讨论部分nTheDiscussionisusuallythehardestsectiontowrite.nManypapersarerejectedbyjournaleditorsbecauseofafaultyDiscussion,eventhoughthedataofthepapermightbebothvalidandinteresting.nEvenmorelikely,thetruemeaningofthedatamaybecompletelyobscuredbytheinterpretationpresentedintheDiscussion,againresultinginrejection.20讨论部分讨论部分WhataretheessentialfeaturesofagoodDiscussion?
n1.Trytopresenttheprinciples,relationships,andgeneralizations归纳shownbytheResults.n2.Pointoutanyexceptionsoranylackofcorrelation;Defineunsettledpoints;Nevertrytocoveruporfudge回避thedatathatdonotquitefit.n3.Showhowyourresultsandinterpretationsagree(orcontrast)withpreviouslypublishedwork.n4.Dontbeshy;discussthetheoreticalimplicationsofyourwork,aswellasanypossiblepracticalapplications.n5.Stateyourconclusionsasclearlyaspossible.21讨论部分讨论部分n“Finally,goodwriting,likegoodmusic,hasaclimax高潮.Manyapaperlosesmuchofitseffectbecauseitends“Notwithabang巨响butawhimper呜咽.nDonotextrapolate外推toabiggerpicturethanthatshownbyyourdata.22讨论部分讨论部分n讨论的内容主要有:
讨论的内容主要有:
http:
/attributedto,beassignedtobeelucidated,beinterpreted等表示推测等表示推测或推断;或推断;n选用选用“can”,“could”,“will”,“would”,“should”,“must”,“may”,“might”,“obviously”,“probably”,“possibly”,“perhaps”,“seem”,“likely”,“mostlikely”,“approximately”,“certainly”,“roughly”,等来表示论点的确定性程度。
等来表示论点的确定性程度。
n“agree”,“consistentwith”,“coincidewith”表示与表示与相一致。
相一致。
讨论部分讨论部分30结果与讨论结果与讨论二、结果与讨论合并合并ResultsandDiscussion31结果与讨论合并结果与讨论合并n一般认为,合并写要比分开写更容易。
合在一起写的一般认为,合并写要比分开写更容易。
合在一起写的优点是文章更紧凑。
每叙述一个实验结果,就可以对优点是文章更紧凑。
每叙述一个实验结果,就可以对此加以讨论,这样读者会有一气呵成的感觉。
此加以讨论,这样读者会有一气呵成的感觉。
n叙述第二个实验结果时,要叙述第二个实验结果时,要及时及时分析它和第一个实验分析它和第一个实验结果有无相互支持和矛盾之处。
结果有无相互支持和矛盾之处。
n叙述第三个实验结果时,要叙述第三个实验结果时,要及时及时分析它和第一、二个分析它和第一、二个实验结果有无相互支持和矛盾之处。
后面依次类推。
实