英语六级快速阅读每日一练6.docx
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英语六级快速阅读每日一练6
2021年6月英语六级快速阅读每日一练(6.06)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
HateYourJob?
Here’sHowtoReshapeIt
Onceuponatime,ifyouhatedyourjob,youeitherquitorbityourlip.Thesedays,agroupofresearchersistrumpetingathirdoption:
shapeyourjobsoifsmorefruitfulthanfutile.
"Weoftengettrappedintothinkingaboutourjobasalistofthingstodoandalistofresponsibilities,"saysAmyWrzesniewski,anassociateprofessorattheYaleSchoolofManagement."Butwhatifyousetasidethatmind-set?
"Ifyoucouldadjustwhatyoudo,shesays,"whowouldyoustarttalkingto,whatothertaskswouldyoutakeon,andwhowouldyouworkwith?
"
Tomakelivelihoodsmorelively,WrzesniewskiandhercolleaguesJaneDuttonandJustinBerghavedevelopedamethodologytheycalljob-crafting.They’reworkingwithFortune500companies,smallerfirmsandbusinessschoolstochangethewayAmericansthinkaboutwork.Theideaistomakealljobs--evenmundane(平凡的)ones---moremeaningfulbyempoweringemployeestobrainstormandimplementsubtlebutsignificantworkplaceadjustments.
Step1:
RethinkYourJob--Creatively
"Thedefaultsomepeoplewakeuptoisdraggingthemselvestoworkandfacingalistofthingstheyhavetodo,"saysWrzesniewski.Sointhejob-craftingprocess,thefirststepistothinkaboutyourjobholistically.Youfirstanalyzehowmuch
time,energyandattentionyoudevotetoyourvarioustasks.Thenyoureflectonthatallocation(分配).SeeI0perfectjobsfortherecession--andafter.
Take,forexample,amaintenancetechnicianatBurt’sBees,whichmakespersonal-careproducts.Hewasinterestedinprocessengineering,thoughthatwasn’tpartofhisjobdescription.Toalterthescopeofhisday-to-dayactivities,thetechnicianaskedasupervisorifhecouldspendsometimestudyinganideahehadformakingthefirm’smanufacturingproceduresmoreenergy-efficient.Hisideasprovedhelpful,andnowprocessengineeringispartofthescopeofhiswork.
BarbaraFredrickson,authorofPositivityandaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapel
Hill,saysit’scrucialforpeopletopayattentiontotheirworkdayemotions."Doingso,"shesays,"willhelpyoudiscoverwhichaspectsofyourworkaremostlife-giving-andmostlife-draining."
Manyofusgetstuckinruts(惯例).Berg,aPh.D.studentattheWhartonSchoolattheUniversityofPennsylvaniawhohelpeddevelopthejob-craftingmethodology,saysweallbenefitfromperiodicallyrethinkingwhatwedo."Eveninthemost
constrainingjobs,peoplehaveacertainamountofwiggleroom,"hesays."Smallchangescanhavearealimpactonlifeatwork."
Step2:
DiagramYourDay
Tolaythegroundworkforchange,job-craftingparticipantsassemblediagramsdetailingtheirworkdayactivities.Thefirstobjectiveistodevelopnewinsightsaboutwhatyouactuallydoatwork.Thenyoucandreamupfreshwaystointegratewhatthejob-craftingexercisecallsyour"strengths,motivesandpassions"intoyourdailyroutine.Youconverttasklistsintoflexiblebuildingblocks.Theendresultisan"after"diagramthatcanserveasamapforspecificchanges.
lnaLockau-Vogel,amanagementconsultantwhoparticipatedinarecentjob-craftingworkshop,saystheexercisehelpedheradjustherpriorities."Before,1wouldspendsomuchtimereactingtorequestsandfocusingonurgenttasksthatInever
hadtimetoaddresstherealimportantissues."Aspartofthejob-craftingprocess,shedecidedonastrategyfordelegatingandoutsourcing(外包)moreofheradministrativeresponsibilities.
Incontrasttobusinessbooksthatcounsel,managerstoinfluenceworkersthroughincentives,job-craftingfocusesonwhatemployeesthemselvescandotore-envisionandadjustwhattheydoeveryday.GiventhataccordingtotheBureauofLabor
Statistics,itnowtakestheaveragejobseekermorethansixmonthstofindanewposition,it’scrucialtomakethemostofthejobyou’vegot.
Step3:
IdentifyJobLovesandHates
Byreorienting(使适应)howyouthinkaboutyourjob,youfreeyourselfupfornewideasabouthowtorestructureyourworkdaytimeandenergy.TakeanITworkerwhohatesdealingwithtechnologicallyincompetentcallers.Hemightenjoy
teachingmorethancustomerservice.Byspendingmoretimeinstructingcolleagues--andtreatinghelp-linecallersascuriousstudentsoftech--thedisgruntledITpersoncanmakethemostofhis9-to-5position.
Dutton,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan’sRossSchoolofBusiness,saysshehasseenlocalauto-industryworkersbenefitfromthejob-craftingprocess."Theycomeinlookingworndown,butafterspendingtwohoursonthisexercise,theycomeawaythinkingaboutthreeorfourthingstheycandodifferently."
"Theystarttorecognizetheyhavemorecontrolovertheirworkthantheyrealized,"saysDutton,whoparmeredwithWrzesniewskiontheoriginaljob-craftingresearch.
Step4:
PutYourIdeasintoActionToconcludethejob-craftingprocess,participantslistspecificfollow-upsteps:
Manyplanaone-0n-onemeetingwithasupervisortoproposenewprojectideas.Othersconnectwithcolleaguestotalkabouttradingcertaintasks.Bergsaysaslongastheirgoalsaremet,manymanagersarehappytoletemployeesadjusthowtheywork.
Job-craftingisn’taboutrevenue,perse,butjuicingup(活跃)employeeengagementmayendupbeefingupthebottomline.Amidsalary,jobandbenefitcuts,moreandmoreworkersaredisgruntled.Surveysshowthatmorethan50%aren’thappy
withwhattheydo.Dutton,BergandWrzesniewskiarguethatemphasizingenjoymentcanboostefficiencybyloweringturnoverratesandjackingupproductivity.Job-craftingwon’tridyouofalousybossorasubparsalary,butitdoesoffersomeremediesforjobdissatisfaction.Ifyoucan’tditchorswitchajob,atleastmakeitmorelikable.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答;8-10题在答题卡1上。
1.Alongtimeagowhenapersonhatedhis/herjob,whatwouldhe/shedo?
[A]Resignorbearit.
[B]Arguewiththeboss.
[C]Doitwellorquit.
[D]Complaineveryday.
2.WhatdoesAmyWrzesniewskithinkaboutjob?
[A]It’salistofthingstodo.
[B]Itcouldbeadjusted.
[C]It’salistofresponsibilities.
[D]It’sabouttalkingwithothers.
3.What’syourfirstthingtodointhejob-craftingprocess?
[A]Tothinkaboutyourjobwholly.
[B]Toanalyzeyourenergyandattention.
[C]Toanalyzehowmuchtimeyouspend.
[D]Tothinkaboutwhattodo.
4.TheideaofamaintenancetechnicianatBurt’sBeesturnedouttobe
[A]partofhisjobdescription
[B]helpfulandenergy-efficient
[C]uselesstothesupervisor
[D]life-draining
5.What’sBerg’ssuggestionaboutwork?
[A]Togetstuckinruts.
[B]Topayattentiontotheemotions.
[C]Torethinkandmakesmallchanges.
[D]Totakethemostconstrainingjobs.
6.AccordingtoInaLockau-Vogel,what’sthebenefitfromjob-crafting?
[A]Ithelpsheruseheradministrativeresponsibilities.
[B]Ithelpsheradjusthertimetodowhatshewants.
[C]Ithelpshermakedecisionsaboutcompanystrategy.
[D]Ithelpshersetprioritiesproperly.
7.AccordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics,what’sthesituationinjobmarket?
[A]Itisdifficulttofindajob.
[B]It’seasytofindanewposition.
[C]Job-craftinghelpsyoufindajob.
[D]Outsourcingjobsareveryhot.
8.Duttonhasseenthatlocalauto-industryworkersprofitfrom__________
9.AccordingtoBerg,ifthejob-craftingprocessissuccessful,thesupervisorsarewillingtoletemployees__________hattodo.
10.Ifyoucan’tquityourjob,usingjob-craftingmayatleastoffer__________forjobdissatisfaction.
文章精要
日常生活中,人们往往认为工作是一些不得不做的任务、不得不承担的责任。
以前,当人们讨厌他们的工作时,通常会辞职或掩饰不满。
而耶鲁大学管理学院的副教授AmyWrzesniewski及其同事却提出了一个新的理念:
雕琢工作(job—crafting)。
文章通过举例子,讲述了如何运用这种方法来改变人们对工作的看法,使工作更讨人喜欢。
1.A根据题干信息溺hated和job定位到文章首句:
从前,如果你讨厌你的工作,要么辞职,要么掩饰自己的不满,biteone’slip意为“努力掩饰某人的怒火或不满”。
选项A(辞职或忍耐),选项B(与老板吵架),选项C(要么干好要么辞职),选项D(每天抱怨),只有选项A最合适。
2.B根据题于信息词AmyWrzesniewski和job定位到文章第二段,即:
我们经常会陷入这种思维定势,认为我们的工作就是一系列要做的事情和一系列责任,但是,如果你换一种心态呢?
如果做些什么可以调整这种心态呢?
也就是说AmyWrzesniewski认为工作是可以调整的,故选B。
选项A、C是人们通常的想法,不是AmyWrzesniewski的想法,排除。
工作也不仅仅是跟人谈话,所以选项D也不对。
3.A根据题于信息词first和inthejob-craftingprocess定位到第一个小标题下的首段第二句:
在job-crafting的过程中,首先就是要整体考虑你的工作,故选A。
holistically意为“整体地,全盘地”。
原文的意思是先整体考虑,然后是具体分析时间、能量、注意力如何分配到不同的任务中,故排除B、C、D。
4.B根据题干信息词AtBurt’sBees和maintenancetechnician定位到第一个小标题F的第二段:
在Burt’sBees的一个技术人员,对程序工程感兴趣,虽然这不属于他的职责范畴,但为了改变他日常工作的范围,他争取到一些时间研究出一个点子使公司的生产过程更节能,最后,他成功r。
结合选项可知,本题选B。
5.C根据题干信息词Berg定位到第一个小标题下最后一段。
Berg说道:
阶段性的反思会让我们收益?
即便是最受限制的工作也有改动的余地,一些小改变对工作状态会有实实在在的影响。
故本题选C。
getstuckinruts并不是Berg的建议,关注情绪是BarbaraFredrickson的观点,themostconstrainingjobs只是Berg举的一个例子,A、B、D均排除。
6.D根据题干信息词job-crafting和InaLockau—Vogel定位到文章第二个小标题下的第二段:
Ina提到,她参加了一个job—crafting研讨会,在那的训练帮助她调整事情的优先级别,priority意为“优先,优先权”,故选D。
选项A(帮助她行使行政职责)、选项B(帮助她调整做想做之事的时间)、选项C(帮助她制定公司战略的决定)文中均未提及,排除。
7.A根据题干信息词theBureauofLaborStatistics定位到文章第二个标题下的第三段末句:
根据劳动统计局的数据,现在找一个新工作平均需要6个月,最大限度去做好你现在的工作是至关重要的,由此可知本题选A。
文中并未提及雕琢工作能帮助人们找到新工作,故排除选项B。
8.thejob-craftingprocess。
根据题干信息词Dutton和localauto-industryworkers定位到文章第三个小标题下的第二段:
Dutton说她已经看到当地汽车行业的工作者受益于job—crafting的过程,故填thejob-craftingprocess。
9.adjust。
根据题干信息词thejob—craftingprocess和employees定位到文章第四个小标题下的第一段末句:
Berg说,一旦他们的目标实现,许多管理者都乐意让他们的员工安排他们怎样工作,题干中的bewillingto意为“愿意,乐意”,与behappyto同义,故填adjust。
10.someremedies。
根据题于信息词qu