汇编浅析英语阅读理解题的应试技巧.docx
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汇编浅析英语阅读理解题的应试技巧
2012年全国高考模拟参考部分
英语阅读理解题的应试技巧
福州格致中学欧翠芳
一.教学设计:
(一).教材分析:
高考英语阅读理解题保持着鲜明的风格,突出语篇,强调应用,注重实际,试卷突出对语言综合应用能力的考查,对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受具体信息的能力也提出了很高的要求,篇章结构复杂。
在时空顺序,深层含义和逻辑推理等方面的组篇手段与教材中平铺直叙的课文组篇方式完全不同,复杂的语篇形式与干扰性极强的选项,增加了试题的难度。
所选材料题材多样化,特色鲜明,内容涉及科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等各个方面,既有严肃的语言学、心理学话题,又有时尚新鲜的社会热点问题。
文章的阅读量大。
阅读速度的要求也进一步提高。
生词出现率的提高也增强了对语篇理解的挑战性。
测试要求广大考生:
掌握主旨大意,事实细节;理解具体事实,抽象概念;理解字面意思,深层含义;理解句段与篇章,把握文章脉络,进行推理和判断;领会生词,根据上下文,前后句猜测生词词义。
进行图表识别等。
其基本题型包括:
主旨寓意题;事实细节题;猜测词义题;推理判断题;综合概括题;推断作者意图和逻辑关系分析判断题等。
(二).教学目标:
这一节的公开教学课,通过对2002年和2003年高考英语试卷的评析,对短文阅读题型的归纳,总结,在高考短文阅读方面对学生进行指导,讲授一些基本的解题思路,解题方法与技巧,使学生能进一步掌握一些基本的短文阅读的解题方法与技巧,帮助学生提高在短文阅读方面的解题能力。
(三).设计理念:
综合应用“五步教学法”和“任务型教学法”,将课程内容分为:
复习(Revision),呈现(Presentation),阅读(Reading)和巩固(Consolidation)等几个方面,课程讲授采用师生互动的方式,充分发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用,并应用多媒体教学手段,增加课堂容量,讲清重点和难点,使学生能掌握英语短文阅读的基本题型,一些基本的解题思路与技巧,提高学生英语阅读理解题的解题能力。
(四).教学实录(T—theteacher,S1—astudentS2—anotherstudentS3—…)
StepOneRevision(复习)
1.DutyReport:
(MySchoolLife)
S1:
(…略………….)
T:
Good!
Thankyou!
(通过值日生报告,营造英语的学习氛围。
)
2.Lead-in
T:
TodaywearegoingtotalkaboutReadingComprehension.Firstofall,pleaseanswermyquestions.
T:
1).Whatshouldwepayattentiontowhilereadingthepassage?
S:
(SixW,OneH)(thewholeclass)(全班)
T:
2).Whatarethey?
S2:
(when,where,who,what,which,why,how)
(对英语阅读理解应注意的几个问题进行提问,通过师生问答,既营造了英语课的课堂气氛,又为后面的课堂教学进行了铺垫。
)
StepTwoPresentation(教材呈现)
(通过幻灯片的展示及教师的讲解,加深学生对英语阅读理解题的篇章特点,测试要求,基本题型,解题步骤与技巧等方面的理解,为后面学生的自主学习做好准备。
)
1.DosomesimpleexplanationsonReadingComprehension.
T:
Asweknow,ReadingComprehensionisquiteimportantinthecollegeentranceexamination.Thisperiod,Iwouldliketogiveyousomeadviceonhowtomasterthereadingskillsandhowtoimproveyourreadingability.First,let’scometosomecharactsofthepassage.
2.Presentthemaincontents.
1).Charactsofthepassage(篇章特点)
T:
Thereareallkindsofmaterialthatareclosedtoourdailylife.Wemustpayattentiontothereadingspeedandthenewwords.
2).Requirementsoftheexamination(测试要求)
T:
Wearerequiredtomasterthemainideas,theplainfacts,thewriter’sopinionorattitude,masterthecluesofthepassage,guessthenewwordsandsoon.
3).BasicExaminationQuestions(基本题型)
T:
WouldyoupleasegiveoutthebasicexaminationquestionsinChinese?
S3(主旨寓意题,事实细节题,猜测词义题,推理判断题……):
T:
Yes,whilereadingthepassagewemustpayattentiontoallthesebasicexaminationquestions.Guessthenewwordsbythenearbysentences.Makecomparisonsandinferthewriter’simplications.
4).AnsweringStepsandSkills(解题步骤与技巧)
GivesomeadviceonhowtoimproveReadingAbility.
T:
Dofastreading.Getthegeneralideaofthepassage,catchthetopicsentence,especiallythefirstsentenceandthelastsentenceofthepassage,orthefirstparagraphandthelastparagraphofthepassage.PayattentiontoSixWOneH.Gooverallthequestionsquickly,makethechoice,finallycheckyouranswers.Usuallywecanfollowthesefiveskillsinanswering.
StepThreeReading(阅读)
分发阅读材料:
A..(2003年高考试题C篇)
B(2002年高考试题D篇)
(要求学生认真阅读,并完成后面的测试题。
)
1.AskthestudentstoreadPassageAquickly.
2.Now,let’scometoPassageA.Readthepassagequicklyandthenfinishtheexercises.(浅析2003年高考试题C篇)
A
(2003年高考试题C篇)
TalesFromAnimalHospital
DavidGrant
DavidGranthasbecomeafamiliarfacetomillionsoffansofAnimalhospital.HereDrGranttellsustheverybestofhispersonalstoriesabouttheanimalshehastreated,includingfamiliarpatientssuchasthedogsSnowyandDuchess,thedelightfulcatMarigoldSerendipityDiamond.HealsotakesthereaderbehindthescenesatHarmsworthMemorialAnimalHospitalashedescribeshisday,fromordinarymedicalcheck-upstosurgery(外科手术).TalesFromAnimalHospitalwilldelightallfansoftheprogrammeandanyonewhohasalivelyinterestintheirpet,whetheritbecat,dogorsnake!
£14.99Hardback272ppSimonSchuster
ISBN0751304417
IsaacNewton:
TheLastSorcerer
MichaelWhite
FromtheauthorofStephenHawking;ALifeinScience,comesthiscolourfuldescriptionofthelifeoftheworld’sfirstmodernscientist.Interestingyetbasedonfact,MichaelWhite’slearnedyetreadablenewbookoffersatruepictureofNewtoncompletelydifferentfromwhatpeoplecommonlyknowabouthim.Newtonisshownasagiftedscientistwithveryhumanweaknesseswhostoodatthepointinhistorywheremagic(魔术)endedandsciencebegan.
£18.99Hardback320ppFourthEstate
ISBN1857024168
Fermat’sLastTheorem
SimonSingh
In1963aschoolboycalledAndrewWilesreadinginhisschoollibrarycameacrosstheworld’sgreatestmathematicalproblem:
Fermat’sLastTheorem(定理).FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique.ThroughunbelievabledeterminationAndrewWilesfinallyworkedouttheproblemin1995.Anunusualstoryofhumaneffortoverthreecenturies,Fermat’sLastTheoremwilldelightspecialistsandgeneralreadersalike.
£12.99Hardback384ppFourthEstate
ISBN1857025210
1).WhatisAnimalHospital?
A.Anewsstory.B.Apopularbook.
C.Aresearchreport.D.ATVprogramme.
2).InMichealWhite’sbook,Newtonisdescribedas______.
A.apersonwhodidnotlookthesameasinmanypictures
B.apersonwholivedacolourfulandmeaningfullife
C.agreatbutnotperfectman
D.anold-timemagician
3).Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle”asitisusedinthetext?
A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.
B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.
C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.
D.Tolimitpeople’simagination.
4).ThepersonwhofinallyprovedFermat’sLastTheoremis______.
A.SimonSinghB.AndrewWiles
C.PierredeFermatD.aFrenchwomanscientist
5).Whatisthepurposeofwritingthesethreetexts?
A.Tomakethebookseasiertoread.
B.Toshowtheimportanceofscience.
C.Tointroducenewauthors.
D.Tosellthebooks.
(教师讲解,教授解题的方法与技巧。
)
T:
Thisisanadvertisement.Firstwemustcatchtheinformation,thenmakethechoice.Don’tworryaboutanynewwords.Guessthemeaningbyusingtheinformationfromnearbysentences.(注意广告类篇章的特点)
3.Askonestudenttogiveouttheanswers.
(请两个学生分别给出他们的答案,而后核对答案,进行详解,讲清解题思路。
)
T:
Wouldyoupleasegiveouttheanswers?
S4……
S5……
Giveouttheiranswers(给出他们的答案)
4.Checktheanswers.
(D.C.B.B.D.)
5.Dosomesimpleexplanationsonthispassage.
6.TrainofThought(解题思路)
1).D.推理判断题。
ThefirstpassageisthebriefintroductiontoTalesFromAnimalHospitalFromthetwosentencesDavidGranthasbecomeafamiliarfacetomillionsoffansofAnimalHospital.和TalesFromAnimalHospitalwilldelightallfansoftheprogramme.wecansee,AnimalHospitalisthenameoftheTVprogramme,TalesFromAnimalHospitalisthenameofthebook.
2).C.细节理解题。
Thesecondpassageisabriefintroductiontothebook.FromthesentenceNewtonisshownasagiftedscientistwithveryhumanweaknesses.wecanseethewriterdescribedNewtonasagreatbutnotperfectman.
3).B.猜测词义题。
Fromthesentence..thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds.(这个定理难倒了最有数学才智的人。
)wecanseetherearetwocompoundPastPartciples,theyexpressthesamemeaning.“beat”本意“打败,战胜”(在该句中意为“使无法解答,难倒”),就可猜出baffle在该句中的意义,“betoodifficultforsb.tounderstand”“preventsb.fromdoingsth.”
4).B.综合分析判断题。
第三篇短文对法国数学家的定理进行了简介。
Theschoolboycameacrossthegreatestproblemandfinallyheworkedouttheproblemin1995.
5).D.判断作者写作意图。
Thesethreepassagesarebriefintroductionstothreebooks.Wecanguessherethethewwriter’spurposeistosellthebooks.
StepFourConsolidation(巩固)
1.AskthestudentstoreadPassageBattentively.Trytofindoutthecluesofthepassage,andthemainsubjectofthePassage.
B
(2002年高考试题D篇)
Treasurehunts(寻宝)haveexcitedpeople’simaginationforhundredsofyearsbothinreallifeandinbookssuchasRobertLouisStevenson’sTreasureIsland.KitWilliams,amodernwriter,hadtheideaofcombiningtherealexcitementofatreasurehuntwithclues(线索)foundinabookwhenhewroteachildren’sstory,Masquerade,in1979.Thebookwasaboutahare,andamonthbeforeitcameoutWilliamsburiedagoldhareinaparkinBedfordshire.Thebookcontainedalargenumberofcluestohelpreadersfindthehare,butWilliamsputinalotof“redherrings”,orfalseclues,tomisleadthem.
KenRoberts,themanwhofoundthehare,hadbeenlookingforitfornearlytwoyears.Althoughhehadbeensearchinginthewrongareamostofthetime,hefounditbylogic(逻辑),notbyluck.Hissuccesscamefromthefactthathehadgainedanimportantclueatthestart.Hehadrealizedthatthewords:
“OneofSixtoEight”underthefirstpictureinthebookconnectedthehareinsomewaytoKatherineofAragon,thefirstofHenryⅧ’ssixwives.Evenhere,however,Williamshadsucceededinmisleadinghim.KenknewthatKatherineofAragonhaddiedatKimboltoninCambridgeshirein1536andthoughtthatWilliamshadburiedtheharethere.Hehadbeendiggingthereforoverayearbeforeanewideaoccurredtohim.HefoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthischildhoodnearAmpthill,inBedfordshire,andthoughtthathemusthaveburiedthehareinaplaceheknewwell,buthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineofAragon,untilonedayhecameacrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillParkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1773.
Eventhenhissearchhadnotcometoanend.Itwasonlyafterhehadspentseveralnightsdiggingaroundthecr