考研英语一答案.docx

考研英语一答案.docx

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考研英语一答案

2010年考研英语一答案

【篇一：

2010年考研英语一真题及参考答案（海天）】

sectioniuseofenglish

directions:

readthefollowingtext.choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblank.andmark[a]，[b]，

[c]or[d]onanswersheet1.（10points）

in1924americannationalresearchcouncilsenttoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledthehawthorneplantnearchicago.ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting__1__workersproductivity.instead，thestudiesended__2__givingtheirnametothe“hawthorneeffect”theextremelyinfluentialideathevery__3__tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior

theideaarosebecauseofthe__4__behaviorofthewomenintheplant.accordingto__5__oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.itdidnot__6__whatwasdoneintheexperiment.__7__somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.a（n）__8__thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe__9__toalterworkersbehavior__10__itself

afterseveraldecades，thesamedatawere__11__toeconometrictheanalysishawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord，nosystematic__13__wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting

itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto__14__interpretationofwhathappened.__15__，lightingwasalwayschangedonasundaywhenworkstartedagainonmonday,output__16__rosecomparedwiththeprevioussaturdayand__17__toriseforthenextcoupleofdays__18__，acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponmonday,workers__19__tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase，before__20__aplateauandthenslackeningoff.thissuggeststhatthealleged“hawthorneeffect”ishardtopindown

1.[a]affected[b]achieved[c]extracted[d]restored

2.[a]at[b]up[c]with[d]off

3.[a]truth[b]sight[c]act[d]proof

4.[a]controversial[b]perplexing[c]mischievous[d]ambiguous

5.[a]requirements[b]explanations[c]accounts[d]assessments

6.[a]conclude[b]matter[c]indicate[d]work

7.[a]asfaras[b]forfearthat[c]incasethat[d]solongas8.[a]awareness[b]expectation[c]sentiment[d]illusion9.[a]suitable[b]excessive[c]enough[d]abundant10.[a]about[b]for[c]on[d]by11.[a]compared[b]shown[c]subjected[d]conveyed12.[a]contraryto[b]consistentwith[c]parallelwith[d]peculiarto13.[a]evidence[b]guidance[c]implication[d]source14.[a]disputable[b]enlightening[c]reliable[d]misleading15.[a]incontrast[b]forexample[c]inconsequence[d]asusual16.[a]duly[b]accidentally[c]unpredictably[d]suddenly17.[a]failed[b]ceased[c]started[d]continued20.[a]breaking[b]climbing[c]surpassing[d]hitting

sectionⅡreadingcomprehension

parta

directions：

readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[a]，[b]，

[c]or[d].markyouranswersonanswersheet1.（40points）

text2

overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.amazoncomreceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystemmerrilllynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforlyingabox。

nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.inamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheu.scourtofappealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.inrebilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”，saysdermisd,crouchofthe

universityofmissourischooloflaw.it“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents”curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstatestreetbankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepintstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbentthemtothepunch.in2005,ibmnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.similarly,somewallstreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice。

thebilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.thefederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetbankruling。

thefederalcircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupreme.countthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.lastapril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.thejudgesonthefederalcircuitare“reactiontotheanti-patenttrendatthesupremecourt”saysharolecwegner,apartendattorneyandprofessoratwashingtonuniversitylawschool。

26.business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof

[a]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness[b]theirconnectionwithassetallocation

[c]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting[d]thecontroversyoverauthorization

27.whichofthefollowingistrueofthebilskicase?

[a]itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions[b]itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction

[c]ithasbeendismissedbythefederalcircuit[d]itmaychangethelegalpracticesintheu.s。

28.theword“about-face”（line1,paro3）mostprobablymeans

[a]lossofgoodwill[b]increaseofhostility

[c]changeofattitude[d]enhancementofdisunity

29.welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents

[a]areimmunetolegalchallenges[b]areoftenunnecessarilyissued

[c]lowertheesteemforpatentholders[d]increasetheincidenceofrisks

30.whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

[a]aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents

[b]protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders

[c]alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents

[d]aprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatents

text3

inhisbookthetippingpointmalcolmaladuellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentialswhoareunusualinformed,persuasive,orweconnect.theideaisintuitivelycompellingbutitdoesntexplainhowideasactuallyspread。

thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthetow-stepflowofcommunication.informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecameitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofpeoplewaswearing,promotingordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecalldrivetrends。

intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredofall.theresearchersargumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeoprahwinfrey-whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonalinfluence-eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydontinteractwiththatmanyothers.yetitispreciselythesenon-celebratinginfluentialswhoaccordingtothetwo-step-flowtheoryaresupposedtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.forasocialepidemicto

occurhowevereachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirsandsoonandjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplefromtheinitialinfluential,proveresistant,forexamplethecascadeofchangewontpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople。

buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobe。

31.bycitingthebookthetippingpointtheauthorintendsto

[a]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics

[b]discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas

[c]exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics

[d]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials

32.theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”[a]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems[b]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends[c]haswonsupportfrominfluentials[d]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity33.whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat[a]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions[b]