英语专八真题改错含答案doc.docx

英语专八真题改错含答案doc.docx

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英语专八真题改错含答案doc

2005TheUniversityasBusiness

Anumberofcollegesanduniversitieshaveannouncedsteep

tuitionincreasesfornextyearmuchsteeperthanthecurrent,

verylow,rateofinflation.Theysaytheincreasesareneededbecause

ofalossinvalueofuniversityendowmentsheavilyinvestingincommon1stock.Iamskeptical.Abusinessfirmchoosesthepricethatmaximizes

itsnetrevenues,irrespectivefluctuationsinincome;andincreasinglythe2outlookofuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesisindistinguishablefromthoseof3businessfirms.Theriseintuitionsmayreflectthefacteconomicuncertainty4increasesthedemandforeducation.Thebiggestcostofbeing

intheschoolisforegoingincomefromajob（thisisprimarilyafactorin5graduateandprofessional-schooltuition;thepoorone'sjobprospects,6themoresenseitmakestoreallocatetimefromthejobmarkettoeducation,

inordertomakeoneselfmoremarketable.

Thewayswhichuniversitiesmakethemselvesattractivetostudents7includesoftmajors,studentevaluationsofteachers,givingstudents

agovernancerole,andeliminaterequiredcourses.8Sky-hightuitionshavecauseduniversitiestoregardtheirstudentsascustomers.Justasbusinessfirmssometimescolludetoshortenthe9rigorsofcompetition,universitiescolludetominimizethecosttothemoftheathleteswhomtheyrecruitinordertostimulatealumnidonations,sothebestathletesnowoftenbypasshighereducationinordertoobtainsalariesearlier

fromprofessionalteams.Anduntiltheywerestoppedbytheantitrustauthorities,the

IvyLeagueschoolscolludedtolimitcompetitionforthebeststudents,byagreeingnottoawardscholarshipsonthebasisofmeritratherthanpurely

ofneed-justlikebusinessfirmsagreeingnottogivediscountsontheirbest10customer.

2006Weuselanguageprimarilyasameansofcommunicationwithotherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeingconventionsas1tothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticular2message:

theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposalvocabularyanda3setofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehis4thoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,totheotherEnglish5speakers.His

vocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactively

andthatwhichherecognizes,increasesinsizeashegrows

oldasaresultofeducationandexperience.6

But,whetherthelanguagestoreisrelativelysmallorlarge,thesystemremainsnomore,thanapsychologicalrealityfortikeinpidual,unlesshehasameansofexpressingitintermsabletobeseenbyanother7memberofhislinguisticcommunity;hebastogivetilesystema

concretetransmissionform.Wetakeitforgrantedrice"twomost8commonformsoftransmission-bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans（speechorbyvisualsigns（writing.Andtheseare9amongmoststrikingofhumanachievements.10

2007Fromwhathasbeensaid,itmustbeclearthatnoonecan

makeverypositivestatementsabouthowlanguageoriginated.

Thereisnomaterialinanylanguagetodayandintheearliest1recordsof

ancientlanguagesshowuslanguageinanewand2_emergingstate.Itisoftensaid,of

course,thatthelanguage3originatedincriesofanger,fear,painandpleasure,

andthe4_necessaryevidenceisentirelylacking:

therearenoremote

tribes,noancientrecords,providingevidenceof

alanguagewithalargeproportionofsuchcries5_

thanwefindinEnglish.Itistruethattheabsence

ofsuchevidencedoesnotdisprovethetheory,butin6_

othergroundstoothetheoryisnotveryattractive.

Peopleofallracesandlanguagesmakerathersimilarnoisesinreturntopainorpleasure.Thefactthat7suchnoisesaresimilaronthelipsofFrenchmenandMalaysianswhoselanguagesareutterlydifferent,servestoemphasizeonthefundamentaldifferencesbetweenthesenoisesandlanguageproper.Wemay

saythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusement

arelargelyreflexactions,instinctivetolargeextent,9

whereaslanguageproperdoesnotconsistofsigns

butofthesethathavetobelearntandthatare10

whollyconventional.

08

Thedesiretouselanguageasasignofnationalidentityisa

verynaturalone,andinresultlanguagehasplayedaprominent1

partinnationalmoves.Menhaveoftenfelttheneedtocultivate2

agivenlanguagetoshowthattheyaredistinctivefromanother3

racewhosehegemonytheyresent.AtthetimetheUnitedStates4

splitofffromBritain,forexample,therewereproposalsthatindependenceshouldbelinguisticallyacceptedbytheuseofa5

differentlanguagefromthoseofBritain.Therewasevenone6

proposalthatAmericansshouldadoptHebrew.OthersfavouredtheadoptionofGreek,though,asonemanputit,thingswouldcertainlybesimplerforAmericansiftheystuckontoEnglish7

andmadetheBritishlearnGreek.Attheend,aseveryone8

knows,thetwocountriesadoptedthepracticalandsatisfactory

solutionofcarryingwiththesamelanguageasbefore.9

Sincenearlytwohundredyearsnow,theyhaveshowntheworld10

thatpoliticalindependenceandnationalidentitycanbecompletewithoutsacrificingtheenormousmutualadvantagesofacommonlanguage.

09专八改错原题

Proofreading&ErrorCorrection:

Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepasses

fromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference

（1betweenshcoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,learnt

inearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthelittlelistener

（2hasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,orevengrandchildren.

（3Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeandtransmitting

Itmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.Withtheplayground

（4lore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassedonwithinthevery

hour（5

itislearnt;andinthegeneral,itpassesbetweenchildrenof

the（6

sameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommonforthedifferenceinage

betweenplaymatestobemorethanfiveyears.Iftherefore,aplayground

rhymecanbeshowntohavebeencurrentlyforahundredyears,or（7

evenjustforfifty,itfollowsthatithasbeenretransmittingover

andover;verypossiblyithaspassedalongachainoftwoorthree（8

hundredyounghearersandtellers,andthewonderisthatitremainslive（9aftersomuchhandling,toletalonethatitbearsresemblancetothe

（10

2010年专八真题改错原文

Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequallycompleteandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:

thatis,everylanguageappearstobeaswellequippedasanyothertosaythethingsitsspeakerswanttosay.Itmayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitivepeoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notallgroupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsorpsychologyorthecultivationofriceortheengravingofBenaresbrass.Butthisisnotthefaultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimoscanspeakaboutsnowwithagreatdealmoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecaninEnglish,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage（oneofthosesometimesmiscalled"primitive"isinherentlymorepreciseandsubtlethanEnglish.ThisexampledoesnotbringtolightadefectinEnglish,ashowofunexpectedcfprimitivenessec.ThepositionissimplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveindifferentenvironments.TheEnglishlanguagewouldbejustasrichintermsfordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhichEnglishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionimportant.

Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufactureorcricketifthesetopicsformedpartoftheEskimos"life.Forobvioushistoricalreasons,Englishmeninthenineteenthcenturycouldnottalkaboutmotorcarswiththeminutediscriminationwhichispossibletoday:

carswerenotapartoftheirculture.Buttheyhadahostoftermsforhorse-drawnvehicleswhichsendus,puzzled,toahistoricaldictionarywhenwearereadingScottorDickens.Howmanyofuscoulddistinguishbetweenachaise,alandau,avictoria,abrougham,acoupe,agig,adiligence,awhisky,acalash,atilbury,acarriole,aphaeton,andaclarence?

2005答案解析：

1.investing应改为invested-这里说“投资于”普通股中的捐赠金价值损失惨重，既然是投资，就是指人去投资，即endowments（thatwereheavilyinvestedin.括号内的部分是被省略的部分，本句形式上是主动，实际意义上为被动，因此应该把investing改为invested,否则逻辑上和语法上都是说不通的。

2.在irrespective和fluctuations之间加上介词of。

irrespectiveOf是一固定用法，意指"不论，不管，不顾，"等，如:

irrespectiveOfthecost不惜工本,irrespectiveoftheconsequences不顾后果‘irrespectiveofdutystatus不论职位高低。

此处指公司不顾收入的波动变化。

3.把those改为thato本句的后半部分主要强调的是大学里的“看法或观

点"（outlook与企业公司的看法或观点不一样，即着眼点在于对两种不同团体看法的对比。

既然前面用的是单数形式,后面也应用单数形式，基本语法规则是前后应一致,本句为代词those的误用，所以应把those改为thato

4.在fact和economic之间力口上关系代词thato这是一个同位语从语,that在同位语从句中是不能省略的，否则就很可能出现意思所指不清的麻烦，所以此处必须加上关系代词thato

5.把定冠词the去掉。

定冠词与一名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或物或机构等，而此处的intheschool,—则意思不清，二则可能指在某人正在某个具体学校做某事。

这一层意思与本文上下文不相吻合。

比较之下,inschool是一固定说法，表示“在上学或求学”、“在校读书”正符合本文上下文的意思。

因此应把定冠词去掉。

6.把形容词poor改为其比较级poorero这句中的poor与后面的more形成一对比较关系，表示“越……越……”,根据这一思路，我们应把形容词poor改为其比较级poorer,以表达一种对称关系。

7.在ways和which之间加上一个介词in。

在ways和which之间加上一个介词in,表示intheseways,即指通过前面提到的这些方法。

相似的句子较多，如:

Notallsoundsmadebyanimalsserveaslanguage,andwehaveonlytoturntothatextraordinarydiscoveryof

echo-locationinbatstoseeacaseinwhichthevoiceplaysastrictlyutilitarianrole.（动物发出的声音并不是都能当作语言，因此我们只好求助于蝙蝠回声定位的这种非凡的发展，探究一下语音在何种情况下起着绝对有用的作用。

8.这里应该用动词的一Ing形式即eliminating,以便使句型结构与前面的giving（studentsagovernancerole保持一致，否则句子结构和意思都显得不正确。

9.将shorten（缩短;使变短改为reduce或weaken□此处属于用词不当。

应将shoTten（缩短;使变短改为reduce（使精神垮下来;使身体瘦弱或weaken（使削弱;使衰减,可表