医学英语课件cells.ppt

医学英语课件cells.ppt

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Whatarealllivingorganismsmadeof?

Celltheory:

cellsarethebasicunitofstructureineverylivingthing.advancesinmicroscopyoneofthefoundationsofbiologyThetheorysaysthatnewcellsareformedfromotherexistingcells,andthatthecellisafundamentalunitofstructure,functionandorganizationinalllivingorganisms.Whatiscytology?

Creditfordevelopingcelltheoryisusuallygiventothreescientists:

1.Schwanncells（SCs）:

雪旺细胞（Schwanncells，SCs）是形成周围神经髓鞘的胶质细胞，1839年德国科学家西奥多施沃恩最先描述。

2.MatthiasJakobSchleiden:

马蒂亚斯许莱登（5April180423June1881）wasaGermanbotanistandco-founderofthecelltheory,alongwithTheodorSchwannandRudolfVirchow.Germancellbiologistandphysiologist.SchwannstudiedmedicineattheUniversityofBerlinanddiscoveredinthegastricjuicepepsin,adigestiveenzymeforprotein.Itwasthefirstenzymethatcouldbepresentedfromananimaltissue.TheodorSchwann（西奥多.施万）,MatthiasJakob马蒂亚斯.雅各布.许莱登18041881MatthiasJakobSchleidenBorninHamburg,SchleidenwaseducatedatHeidelberg,thenpracticedlawinHamburg,butsoondevelopedhisloveforthebotany（植物学）intoafull-timepursuit.Hein1838,studiedplanttissuesandstatedthatallplantsareaggregatesofindividualcellswhicharefullyindependent.Thushemadethefirststatementofcelltheory.AGermandoctor,pathologist,biologistandpolitician,knownforhisadvancementofpublichealth.Referredtoasthefatherofmodernpathology,heisconsideredoneofthefoundersofsocialmedicine.Virchowiscreditedwithmultipleimportantdiscoveries.Virchowsmostwidelyknownscientificcontributionishiscelltheory,whichbuiltontheworkofTheodorSchwann.Heiscitedasthefirsttorecognizeleukemiacells.RudolphVirchow鲁道夫鲁道夫.魏尔肖魏尔肖（18211902）UnitOne:

CytologyCytologystudiesthestructureoffunctionofcells.Celltheory:

1.Allknownlivingthingsaremadeupofoneormorecells.2.Alllivingcellsarisefrompre-existingcellsbydivision.3.Thecellisthefundamentalunitofstructureandfunctioninalllivingorganisms.4.Theactivityofanorganismdependsonthetotalactivityofindependentcells.5.Energyflow（metabolismandbiochemistry）occurswithincells.6.Cellscontainhereditaryinformation（DNA）whichispassedfromcelltocellduringcelldivision.7.Allcellsarebasicallythesameinchemicalcompositioninorganismsofsimilarspecies.multicellularmulti-:

morethanone;many多，多数多，多数（prefixtoformn.andadj.）multiculturalmultimediamultinationalmulticellmulticellmulticellularmulticellularmulticellularitymulticellularity?

multi-storeycarparkamoeban.变形虫，阿米巴变形虫，阿米巴（usu.usedasprefix）amoeb-（BrE.）ameb-（AmE.）amebiformamebiformamebocyteamebocytemicronmicro-:

microorganismmicroscopemicrocirculationmicrofracturemicrophonemicrowavemicroclimatemicronmacro-:

macrobacteriummacrobiosismacrophageovumn.femaleeggcell卵子卵子ovaovulatev.ovulatev.排卵排卵排卵排卵ovulatorya.ovulatorya.排卵的排卵的排卵的排卵的ovaryn.ovaryn.卵巢卵巢卵巢卵巢cytoplasmn.theprotoplasmofacellexcludingthenucleus细胞细胞质；胞质，胞浆质；胞质，胞浆cyto-细胞胞-cyte细胞胞cytobiologycytobiologycytodifferentiationcytodifferentiationcytogeneticscytogeneticscytolysosomecytolysosomeplasma（also“plasm”）n.plasma（also“plasm”）n.血血血血浆浆clearcytoplasmclearcytoplasm透明细胞质透明细胞质透明细胞质透明细胞质basiccytoplasmbasiccytoplasm细胞质基质细胞质基质细胞质基质细胞质基质phospholipidn.磷脂磷脂phosphaten.磷酸盐，磷肥磷酸盐，磷肥lipidlipidanimportantconstituentofmembranesanimportantconstituentofmembranesphosphorusn.磷磷cholesteroln.胆固醇胆固醇chole-pref.胆，胆汁胆，胆汁cholecystcholecyst胆囊胆囊胆囊胆囊cholebilirubincholebilirubin胆玉胆玉胆玉胆玉红红素，直素，直素，直素，直应应胆胆胆胆红红素素素素steroidesteroide甾族化合物甾族化合物甾族化合物甾族化合物steronesterone甾甾甾甾酮酮，固，固，固，固酮酮steroidogenesissteroidogenesis类类固醇生成固醇生成固醇生成固醇生成-steroln.-甾醇甾醇固醇固醇oligosacchariden.低聚糖，寡糖低聚糖，寡糖oligo-少，小，缺；低于正常少，小，缺；低于正常oligoamniosn.oligoamniosn.羊水羊水羊水羊水过过少少少少oligodynamicoligodynamicsacchar-糖糖sacchariden.sacchariden.糖糖糖糖类类polysacchariden.polysacchariden.多糖多糖多糖多糖disacchariden.disacchariden.二糖二糖二糖二糖monosaccharidemonosacchariden.n.单单糖糖糖糖chromosomen.athreadlikebodyinthecellnucleusthatcarriesthegenesinalinearorder染色染色体体chromo-色色chromogenica.chromogenica.显显色的色的色的色的chromosomeaberrationchromosomeaberration染色体畸染色体畸染色体畸染色体畸变变chromosomearm/number/bandchromosomearm/number/bandchromotinn.chromotinn.染色染色染色染色质质ChromosomesalsodeterminethesexofanimalsChromosomesalsodeterminethesexofanimals.endoplasmicreticulumn.内质网内质网endo-内内endocardiala.endocardiala.心内（膜）的心内（膜）的心内（膜）的心内（膜）的endocellulara.endocellulara.细细胞内的胞内的胞内的胞内的endochromen.endochromen.胞内染色胞内染色胞内染色胞内染色质质extra-extra-外外外外endocrinea.endocrinea.内分泌的内分泌的内分泌的内分泌的mitochondrian.线粒体线粒体mito-线，丝线，丝mitosisn.mitosisn.有有有有丝丝分裂分裂分裂分裂mitochromen.mitochromen.线线色素色素色素色素mitochondrionaerobica.dependingonfreeoxygenorair需氧生活的需氧生活的aero-n.氧，空气氧，空气aerodynamica.aerodynamica.空气动力的空气动力的空气动力的空气动力的aerobicexerciseaerobicexerciseaerospacen.aerospacen.航空航天工业航空航天工业航空航天工业航空航天工业aerobicsaerobicsaerobicbacteriaaerobicbacterialysosomen.溶酶体溶酶体lys（o）-溶解，溶化溶解，溶化lysophosphalipidn.lysophosphalipidn.溶血磷脂溶血磷脂溶血磷脂溶血磷脂lysogenesisn.lysogenesisn.溶源性溶源性溶源性溶源性engulfv.flowoverorcovercompletely吞没，吞噬吞没，吞噬；engross（oneself）fully沉浸其中沉浸其中Thelittleboatwasengulfedbythewaves.Theli