On SinoJapan comparison of happiness.docx

On SinoJapan comparison of happiness.docx

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OnSinoJapancomparisonofhappiness

OnSino-Japancomparisonofhappiness

date：

2016.3

name：

OnSino-Japancomparisonofhappiness

Background:

Withthegradualdevelopmentofeconomyandpeople’semphasisonlifequality,happinessbecomestherulingphilosophyofgovernmentandpeople’sgoaloflifepursuit.Happinessistheimportantindexforevaluatingwhetherpeoplearehappyornotandthehappinessdegree.Inwesternacademiccircle,well-being,happinessandlifesatisfactionbasicallyhavethesamemeaningsandallcanbetranslatedas“happiness”.Happinessgenerallyreferstopeople’ssubjectiveevaluationoncurrentlife’satisfactiondegree.Since1960s,internationalsocietyhasgraduallyincreasedtheirresearchonhappiness.Particularlyafterenteringinto21stcentury,happinesshasbecometheresearchfocusforsociology,psychology,economics,andpolitics.

Theinfluencingfactorsonhappinessgenerallycanbedividedintoindividualfactorandmiddlelevelormacrolevelsfactorssuchasfamily,communityorstate.Intermsofindividualfactor,itgenerallyconcentratesondiscussinghappiness’relationshipwithgender,age,marriage,occupation,educationalbackground,economicincome,healthstatus,religiousbelief.Forinstance,Wilson（1967）analyzestheindividualdifferenceonsubjectivehappinessindetails;Easterlin（1974,2001）makesresearchontherelationshipbetweensubjectivehappinessandeconomicincome.Intermsofmiddlelevelandmacrolevel,HalerandHadler（2006）usehierarchicallinearmodeltostudysocialeconomicstructure’sinfluenceuponindividualhappiness,thinkingunequaleconomicstatus,politicaldemocraticprogress,andsocialrelationshipintimatedegreeallwouldinfluenceindividualhappiness

ThispapermakescomparisonbetweenChina’shappinessandJapan’shappinessintwodifferentsystems,thusgettingthefactorsinfluencinghappinessindexandthehappierstateindifferentsystems.

China’shappiness:

Withthegradualcivilizationprogressofages,internationalsocialcorevaluehasbeenreturnedbacktoimplementpeople’slivelihoodandwelfarefromeconomicdevelopment.Happinessindexisbornfromthis.Earlierin1970s,SouthAsia KingdomofBhutanhasalreadyproposedthecalculationofgrossnationalhappinessindex.Thistriggeredtheattentionfromeconomistsacrosstheworldandtheystartedtostudytheoriesrelatinghappinessindex.Inrecentyears,countriesacrosstheworldhavebeendevotedtoconstructhappinessindexsystemandcalculatenationalhappinessindex.InBritain,the2002lifesatisfactiondocumentreleasedbygovernmentthoughtnationhadreasontointervenesoastoimprovenationalcitizens’satisfactiononlife.InAmerica,NobeleconomicslaureateProfessionalDanielKahnemaneditednationalhappinessindexwithotherexpertsin2006,makingitbecometheevaluationstandardforthenationaldevelopmentlevelwithGDP.China's National Bureau ofStatisticsalsoannouncedinSeptember12th2006thatitwouldlaunchsomenewstatisticscontentsonhappinessindexsoastoadapttoneedsonChina’seconomicandsocialcoordinationdevelopment.FromthebeginningGDPcalculation,tothegreenGDPdiscussion,tothereleaseofhumandevelopmentindexHDIandfinallytothetrialcalculationofhappinessindex,peoplehavegraduallyformedthepeople-orientedopinion.Frompurelyemphasizingeconomicgrowth,toemphasizingtherealdevelopmentofeconomy,toemphasizinghuman’sdevelopmentandfinallytoemphasizinghuman’shappinesslife,people’svalueviewhashadgreattransformation.

People’ssubjectivehappinessreferstoevaluator’sentireevaluationonlifequalityaccordingtotheself-definedstandard.Authormainlyselectsthreedimensionsofrespondents,namelypolitics,economyandculture,toanalyzelifequality’sinfluencingdegreeonChinesesubjectivehappiness.Althoughsubjectivehappinessisthesubjectiveevaluationonlifestatus,ithasfeaturesofstabilityandcomprehensivenessandistheoverallfeelingsontheeveryaspectofcurrentlife.Throughanalyzingsubjectivehappiness’correlationwithaspectsinlife,thispapertriestounderstandingChinesepsychologicalneedsoncurrentlife.Inotherwords,subjectivehappinessisareflectiononcurrentpeople’ssociallifestatus,andalsoispeople’spsychologicalreflectiononlifestatus,thereforeithasrelativelyhigherresearchvalue.

ThedataresourceofthispaperisfromtheChineseGeneralSocialSurvey（CGSS2006forshort）completedbyRenminUniversityofChinaSociologyDivisionandHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnologySocialScienceDivision.Accordingto“thefifthnationalpopulationcensusmaterials”,thissurveydrewsamplesfromnational27provinces,autonomousregions,neighborhoodcommittees,residentsandcitizens,adoptedfourstagesunequalprobabilitysamplingmethodtodrawdistrict（county）,street（town）,neighborhoodcommittees,residentsandcitizens.Thispaperobtained10151efficientquestionnaires.ThispaperusedEviewssoftwaretomakestatisticsanalysisonthe10151samples.

VariablesandOperationalization

Independentvariablereferstotheselfchangewouldtriggerchangesonothervariables.Thispapertakesthreedimensionsoflifequalityasindependentvariables,thethreedimensionsarepolitics,economyandculture.

Dependentvariablereferstochangestriggeredbychangesonothervariables.Thispapertakestherespondents’subjectivehappinessasdependentvariable.

Operationalizationis“toreplacetheunattainedinternalfactsrelatingtosocialstructure,systemorprocess,andrelatingtopeoplebehavior,thoughtsandfeatureswiththeirexternalfactssoastostudytheformerthroughthelatter.”theindependentvariablesofthispaperrefertothethreedimensionsoflifequality-politicsdimension,economydimensionandculturedimension.Thethreedimensionsarerelativelyabstractvariablesandhardtobedirectlymeasured,therefore,authoroperationalizespoliticsasadministrativelevel,economyasfamilyannualincome,andcultureaseducationaldegree.DependentvariablehappynornothasbeeninvolvedintheCGSS2006questionnaire,therewerefivesuboptions:

extremelyunhappy,unhappy,general,happyandextremelyhappy,thereforeitisunnecessarytomakeoperationalization.

TheoreticalAssumption

Assumption1:

administrativelevelhascorrelationwithhappinessornot.Highertheadministrativelevelis,happierthelevelis.Assumption2:

familyannualincomehascorrelationwithhappinessornot.Highertheincomeis,happierthelevelis.Assumption3:

culturedegreehascorrelationwithhappinessornot.Highertheculturedegreeis,happierthelevelis.

（1）Politicaldimensionandhappiness

Politicaldimensionisrepresentedbythehigherorlowerof“administrativelevel”.Accordingtotheoriginaldataof“2006countrygeneralsocialsurvey,theresultshowstheadministrativelevel’sinfluenceonhappiness.Happyornotasdependentvariable,administrativelevelasindependentvariable,resultshowsthathappinessrelatestoadministrativelevel,butthecorrelationdegreeisnotbig.

（2）Economicdimensionandhappiness

Economicdimensionisrepresentedbythefigureof“familyannualincome”.Accordingtotheoriginaldataof“2006countrygeneralsocialsurvey,theresultshowsthefamilyannualincome’sinfluenceonhappiness.Happyornotasdependentvariable,familyannualincomeasindependentvariable,happinesshasrelativelybigcorrelationwithincome,highertheincomeis,strongerthehappinessis.

（A）theculturaldimensionandhappiness

Culturaldimensionsare"educated"torepresenttheheightof.Accordingtothe"2006nationalGeneralSocialSurvey"（CGSS2006）,theoriginaldataastowhetherornotanyhappierasthedependentvariableandlevelofeducationastheindependentvariable,well-beingandeducationalattainmenthasacertainrelationship,buthaslittlerelevance.

Itappearsthatadministrativelevelsofsubjectivewell-being,theimpactofincomeandhighestlevelofeducation,hasacertainrelevance.Buttheimpactofincomeonhappinessisthebiggest.Thusitcanbeseen,inthequalityoflifeofcitizensinthepolitical,economicandculturaldimensionsofdemand,butforeconomicneedsaregreatest.IncomeincreaseisbeneficialtoChinesepeopleincreaseshappiness.

Japan'shappinessstudies

Relatednews:

""youhappy?

"Thinkisnostrangertothisclassicsurvey.Recently,theneighboringJapanalsoappearedinasimilarsurvey,buttheresultisasurprise.The2020OlympicGameshostcities,amongtheworld's10largestcitiestopJapancapitalTokyopeople'shappinessonlyinthe10th.JapanAkitapeoplemoredirectly,Qicalled"happynow".

AccordingtotheJapanStraightPress,December12,ina"matterofcourse,withinventions"purposes,JapanrecentlygavebirthtoaResearchInstituteinChina,named"Instituteforgranted."TheInstitutewouldJapanSociety"matterofcourse"astheobjectofstudyandrecentlyimplementedaftertheestablishmentofthefirstsurvey,titled"modernJapanesehappiness?

”

FirstsurveyfromtheInstituteofJapan10-60,2000menandwomenasanobjectimplementation,resultsshowedthatinJapanamongalltheprefectures,2013happinesshighestinShimanePrefecture,followedbyOitaPrefecture,isranked3rdinMiyagiPrefecture.WhiletheTokyoMetropolitanGovernmentisallthemoreunexpected,only10th.TheInstitutebelievesthat,judgingbytheresultsfromthesurvey,intheutmostabundanceofmaterialmetropolisanditspeople'shappiness"fences"hasbeenontherise.

Theotherhand,JapanAkitaPrefectureinthehappinessindexofthelowestinthesurvey,theansweris"nowveryhappy,"fa