On SinoJapan comparison of happiness.docx

1、On SinoJapan comparison of happinessOn Sino-Japan comparison of happinessdate：2016.3name： On Sino-Japan comparison of happinessBackground:With the gradual development of economy and peoples emphasis on life quality, happiness becomes the ruling philosophy of government and peoples goal of life pursu

2、it. Happiness is the important index for evaluating whether people are happy or not and the happiness degree. In western academic circle, well-being, happiness and life satisfaction basically have the same meanings and all can be translated as “happiness”. Happiness generally refers to peoples subje

3、ctive evaluation on current life satisfaction degree. Since 1960s, international society has gradually increased their research on happiness. Particularly after entering into 21st century, happiness has become the research focus for sociology, psychology, economics, and politics. The influencing fac

4、tors on happiness generally can be divided into individual factor and middle level or macro levels factors such as family, community or state. In terms of individual factor, it generally concentrates on discussing happiness relationship with gender, age, marriage, occupation, educational background,

5、 economic income, health status, religious belief. For instance, Wilson (1967) analyzes the individual difference on subjective happiness in details; Easterlin (1974, 2001) makes research on the relationship between subjective happiness and economic income. In terms of middle level and macro level,

6、Haler and Hadler (2006) use hierarchical linear model to study social economic structures influence upon individual happiness, thinking unequal economic status, political democratic progress, and social relationship intimate degree all would influence individual happinessThis paper makes comparison

7、between Chinas happiness and Japans happiness in two different systems, thus getting the factors influencing happiness index and the happier state in different systems. Chinas happiness: With the gradual civilization progress of ages, international social core value has been returned back to impleme

8、nt peoples livelihood and welfare from economic development. Happiness index is born from this. Earlier in 1970s, South AsiaKingdom of Bhutan has already proposed the calculation of gross national happiness index. This triggered the attention from economists across the world and they started to stud

9、y theories relating happiness index. In recent years, countries across the world have been devoted to construct happiness index system and calculate national happiness index. In Britain, the 2002 life satisfaction document released by government thought nation had reason to intervene so as to improv

10、e national citizens satisfaction on life. In America, Nobel economics laureate Professional Daniel Kahneman edited national happiness index with other experts in 2006, making it become the evaluation standard for the national development level with GDP. ChinasNationalBureauof Statistics also announc

11、ed in September 12th 2006 that it would launch some new statistics contents on happiness index so as to adapt to needs on Chinas economic and social coordination development. From the beginning GDP calculation, to the green GDP discussion, to the release of human development index HDI and finally to

12、 the trial calculation of happiness index, people have gradually formed the people-oriented opinion. From purely emphasizing economic growth, to emphasizing the real development of economy, to emphasizing humans development and finally to emphasizing humans happiness life, peoples value view has had

13、 great transformation. Peoples subjective happiness refers to evaluators entire evaluation on life quality according to the self-defined standard. Author mainly selects three dimensions of respondents, namely politics, economy and culture, to analyze life qualitys influencing degree on Chinese subje

14、ctive happiness. Although subjective happiness is the subjective evaluation on life status, it has features of stability and comprehensiveness and is the overall feelings on the every aspect of current life. Through analyzing subjective happiness correlation with aspects in life, this paper tries to

15、 understanding Chinese psychological needs on current life. In other words, subjective happiness is a reflection on current peoples social life status, and also is peoples psychological reflection on life status, therefore it has relatively higher research value. The data resource of this paper is f

16、rom the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS 2006 for short) completed by Renmin University of China Sociology Division and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Social Science Division. According to “the fifth national population census materials”, this survey drew samples from national 27

17、provinces, autonomous regions, neighborhood committees, residents and citizens, adopted four stages unequal probability sampling method to draw district (county), street (town), neighborhood committees, residents and citizens. This paper obtained 10151 efficient questionnaires. This paper used Eview

18、s software to make statistics analysis on the 10151 samples. Variables and OperationalizationIndependent variable refers to the self change would trigger changes on other variables. This paper takes three dimensions of life quality as independent variables, the three dimensions are politics, economy

19、 and culture. Dependent variable refers to changes triggered by changes on other variables. This paper takes the respondents subjective happiness as dependent variable. Operationalization is “ to replace the unattained internal facts relating to social structure, system or process, and relating to p

20、eople behavior, thoughts and features with their external facts so as to study the former through the latter.” the independent variables of this paper refer to the three dimensions of life quality-politics dimension, economy dimension and culture dimension. The three dimensions are relatively abstra

21、ct variables and hard to be directly measured, therefore, author operationalizes politics as administrative level, economy as family annual income, and culture as educational degree. Dependent variable happy nor not has been involved in the CGSS 2006 questionnaire, there were five sub options: extre

22、mely unhappy, unhappy, general, happy and extremely happy, therefore it is unnecessary to make operationalization. Theoretical Assumption Assumption 1: administrative level has correlation with happiness or not. Higher the administrative level is, happier the level is. Assumption 2: family annual in

23、come has correlation with happiness or not. Higher the income is, happier the level is. Assumption 3: culture degree has correlation with happiness or not. Higher the culture degree is, happier the level is. (1) Political dimension and happinessPolitical dimension is represented by the higher or low

24、er of “administrative level”. According to the original data of “2006 country general social survey, the result shows the administrative levels influence on happiness. Happy or not as dependent variable, administrative level as independent variable, result shows that happiness relates to administrat

25、ive level, but the correlation degree is not big. (2) Economic dimension and happinessEconomic dimension is represented by the figure of “family annual income”. According to the original data of “2006 country general social survey, the result shows the family annual incomes influence on happiness. H

26、appy or not as dependent variable, family annual income as independent variable, happiness has relatively big correlation with income, higher the income is, stronger the happiness is. (A) the cultural dimension and happinessCultural dimensions are educated to represent the height of. According to th

27、e 2006 national General Social Survey (CGSS2006), the original data as to whether or not any happier as the dependent variable and level of education as the independent variable, well-being and educational attainment has a certain relationship, but has little relevance.It appears that administrative

28、 levels of subjective well-being, the impact of income and highest level of education, has a certain relevance. But the impact of income on happiness is the biggest. Thus it can be seen, in the quality of life of citizens in the political, economic and cultural dimensions of demand, but for economic

29、 needs are greatest. Income increase is beneficial to Chinese people increases happiness.Japans happiness studiesRelated news: you happy? Think is no stranger to this classic survey. Recently, the neighboring Japan also appeared in a similar survey, but the result is a surprise. The 2020 Olympic Gam

30、es host cities, among the worlds 10 largest cities top Japan capital Tokyo peoples happiness only in the 10th. Japan Akita people more directly, Qi called happy now.According to the Japan Straight Press, December 12, in a matter of course, with inventions purposes, Japan recently gave birth to a Res

31、earch Institute in China, named Institute for granted. The Institute would Japan Society matter of course as the object of study and recently implemented after the establishment of the first survey, titled modern Japanese happiness? ”First survey from the Institute of Japan 10-60, 2000 men and women

32、 as an object implementation, results showed that in Japan among all the prefectures, 2013 happiness highest in Shimane Prefecture, followed by Oita Prefecture, is ranked 3rd in Miyagi Prefecture. While the Tokyo Metropolitan Government is all the more unexpected, only 10th. The Institute believes that, judging by the results from the survey, in the utmost abundance of material metropolis and its peoples happiness fences has been on the rise.The other hand, Japan Akita Prefecture in the happiness index of the lowest in the survey, the answer is now very happy, fa