职称英语综合类B级真题及答案.docx

职称英语综合类B级真题及答案.docx

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职称英语综合类B级真题及答案

学派网2013年职称英语真题综合（B）

第1部分：

词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.Comeout,orI’llbustthedoordown.

A.shutB.setC.breakD.beat

2.Thepolicewillneedtokeepawaryeyeonthisareaoftown.

A.nakedB.cautiousC.blindD.private

3.Therulesaretoorigidtoallowforhumaneerror.

A.generalB.complexC.directD.inflexible

4.Itseemedincrediblethathehadbeenthereaweekalready.

A.rightB.unbelievableC.obviousD.unclear

5.Theseanimalsmigratesouthannuallyinsearchoffood.

A.exploreB.travelC.inhabitD.prefer

6.Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.

A.spreadB.sendC.hearD.confirm

7.Shecameacrossthreechildrensleepingunderabridge.

A.passedbyB.tookanoticeof

C.wokeupD.foundbychance

8.Ihavelittleinformationasregardsherfitnessforthepost.

A.atB.withC.aboutD.from

9.Asapolitician,heknowshowtomanipulatepublicopinion.

A.influenceB.expressC.divideD.voice

10.Hewastemptedbythehighsalaryofferedbythecompany.

A.taughtB.attractedC.keptD.changed

11.Hepaused,waitingforhertodigesttheinformation.

A.understandB.withholdC.exchangeD.contact

12.Makesurethetableissecurelyanchored.

A.repairedB.clearedC.bookedD.fixed

13.Shegetsaggressivewhensheisdrunk.

A.worriedB.sleepyC.offensiveD.anxious

14.Therewassomethingpeculiarinthewayhesmiles.

A.strangeB.differentC.wrongD.funny

15.Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswillexpiresoon.

A.shortenB.startC.resumeD.end

第2部分：

阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）

KickingtheHabit

Whatisabadhabit?

Themostcommondefinitionisthatitissomethingthatwedoregularly,almostwithoutthinkingaboutit,andwhichhassomesortofnegativeconsequence.Thisconsequencecouldaffectthosearoundus,oritcouldaffectuspersonally.Thosewhodenyhavingbadhabitsareprobablylying.Badhabitsarepartofwhatmakesushuman.

Manyearlyhabits,likesuckingourthumb,arebrokenwhenweareveryyoung.Weareeithertoldtostopdoingitbyourparents,orweconsciouslyorsubconsciouslyobservethatothersdonothavethesamehabit,andwegraduallygrowoutofit.Itiswhenweintentionallyorunintentionallypickupnewhabitsinourlaterchildhoodorearlyadulthoodthatitbecomesaproblem.Unlesswecanbreakthathabitearlyon,itbecomes“programmed”intoourbrain.

Arecentstudyofhumanmemorysuggeststhatnomatterhowhardwetrytochangeourhabits,itistheoldwaysthattendtowin,especiallyinsituationswherewearerushed,stressedoroverworked.Habitsthatwethoughtwehadgotridofcansuddenlycomeback.Duringthestudyprogramme,theresearchersshowedagroupofvolunteersseveralpictures,andgavethemwordstoassociatewiththem.Theythenshowedthevolunteersthesamepicturesagain,andgavethemnewwordstoassociatewiththem.

Afewdayslater,thevolunteersweregivenatest.Theresearchersshowedthemthepictures,andtoldthemtorespondwithoneofthewordstheyhadbeengivenforeachone.Itcameasnosurprisethattheiranswersweresplitbetweenthefirstsetofwordsandthesecond.Twoweekslater,theyweregiventhesametestagain.Thistime,mostofthemonlygavethefirstsetofwords.Theyappearedtohavecompletelyforgottenthesecondset.

Thestudyconfirmsthattheresponseswelearnfirstarethosethatremainstrongestovertime.Wemaytrytochangeourways,butafterawhile,theresponsethatcomestomindfirstisusuallythefirstonewelearned.Themorethatresponseisused,themoreautomaticitbecomesandtheharderitbecomestorespondinanyotherway.

Thestudythereforesuggeststhatovertime,ourbadhabitsalsobecomeautomatic,learnedbehaviour.Thisisnotgoodnewsforpeoplewhopickedupbadhabitsearlyinlifeandnowwanttochangeorbreakthem.Evenwhenwetrytoputnew,goodintentionsintopractice,thosepreviouslylearnedhabitsremainstrongerinmoreautomatic,unconsciousformsofmemory.

16.Boysusuallydevelopbadhabitswhentheyareveryyoung.

A.RightB.WrongC.notmentioned

17.Wecanonlybreakbadhabitsifotherstellustodoso.

A.RightB.WrongC.notmentioned

18.Badhabitsmayresumewhenweareunderpressure.

A.RightB.WrongC.notmentioned

19.Researchersweresurprisedbytheanswersthatthevolunteersgaveinthefirsttest.

A.RightB.WrongC.notmentioned

20.Thevolunteersfoundthetestmoredifficultwhentheydiditthesecondtime.

A.RightB.WrongC.notmentioned

21.Thestudysuggeststhatitismoredifficulttorespondtowhatwelearnfirst.

A.RightB.WrongC.notmentioned

22.Ifwedevelopbadhabitsearlyinlife,theyarehardertogetridof.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题；

（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

TrafficJams—NoEndinSight

1.Trafficcongestionaffectspeoplethroughouttheworld.Trafficjamscausesmogindozensofcitiesacrossboththedevelopedanddevelopingworld.IntheU.S.,commutersspendanaverageofafullworkweekeachyearsittingintraffic,accordingtotheTexasTransportationInstitute.Whilealternativewaysofgettingaroundareavailable,mostpeoplestillchoosetheircarsbecausetheyarelookingforconvenience,comfortandprivacy.

2.Themostpromisingtechniqueforreducingcitytrafficiscalledcongestionpricing,wherebycitieschargeatolltoentercertainpartsoftownatcertaintimesofday.Intheory,ifthetollishighenough,somedriverswillcanceltheirtripsorgobybusortrain.Andinpracticeitseemstowork:

Singapore,LondonandStockholmhavereducedtrafficandpollutionincitycentersthankstocongestionpricing.

3.Anotherwaytoreducerushhourtrafficisforemployerstoimplementflexitime,whichletsemployeestraveltoandfromworkatoff-peaktraffictimestoavoidtherushhour.Thosewhohavetotravelduringbusytimescandotheirpartbysharingcars.Employerscanalsoallowmorestafftotelecommute（workfromhome）soastokeepmorecarsofftheroadaltogether.

4.Someurbanplannersstillbelievethatthebestwaytoeasetrafficcongestionistobuildmoreroads,especiallyroadsthatcantakedriversaroundorovercrowdedcitystreets.Butsuchtechniquesdonotreallykeepcarsofftheroad;theyonlyaccommodatemoreofthem.

5.Other,moreforward-thinking,plannersknowthatmoreandmoredriversandcarsaretakingtotheroadseveryday,andtheyareunwillingtoencouragemoreprivateautomobileswhenpublictransportissomuchbetterbothforpeopleandtheenvironment.Forthisreason,theAmericangovernmenthasdecidedtospendsome$7billiononhelpingtoincreasecapacityonpublictransportsystemsandupgradethemwithmoreefficienttechnologies.Butenvironmentalistscomplainthatsuchfundingistinycomparedwiththe$50billionbeingspentonroadsandbridges.

A.Aglobalproblem

B.Closingcitycentrestotraffic

C.Payingtogetin

D.Notdoingenough

E.Changingworkpractice

F.Asolutionwhichisnosolution

23.Paragraph1

24.Paragraph2

25.Paragraph3

26.Paragraph4

27.MostAmericandriversthinkitconvenientto.

28.Ifchargedhighenough,somedriversmaytoentercertainpartsoftown.

29.Buildingmoreroadsisnotaneffectivewayto.

30.TheU.S.governmenthasplannedtoupdatingpublictransportsystems.

A.encouragemoreprivatecars

B.travelregularly

C.reducetrafficjams

D.gobybus

E.drivearound

F.spendmoremoney

第4部分：

阅读理解（第31-45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇OperationMigration

IfyoulookupattheskyintheearlyfallinthenorthernpartofNorthAmerica,youmayseegroupsofbirds.Thesebirdsareflyingsouthtoplaceswheretheycanfindfoodandwarmthforthewinter.Theyaremigrating（迁徙）.Theyoungbirdsusuallylearntomigratefromtheirparents.Theyfollowtheirparentssouth,inoneunusualcase,however,theyoungbirdsarefollowingsomethingverydifferent.Thesebirdsareyoungwhoopingcranes,andtheyarefollowinganairplane!

TheyoungwhoopingcraneisthelargestbirdthatisnativetoNorthAmerica.Thesebirdsalmostdisappearedinthe1800s.By1941,therewereonlyabout20cranesalive.Inthe1970s,peoplewereworriedthatthesecreatureswereindangerofdisappearingcompletely.Asaresult,theUnitedStatesidentifiedwhoopingcranesasanendangeredspeciesthattheyneededtoprotect.

Someresearcherstriedtohelp.Theybegantobreedwhoopingcranesinspecialparkstoincreasethenumberofbirds.Thisplanwassuccessful.Therewerealotofnewbabybirds.Asthebirdsbecameolder,theresearcherswantedtoreturnthemtonature.However,therewasaproblem:

Theseyoungbirdsdidnotknowhowtomigrate.Theyneededhumanhelp.

In2001,somepeoplehadacreativeIdea.TheyformedanorganizationcalledOperationMigration.Thisgroupdecidedtouseverylightairplanes,insteadofbirds,toleadtheyoungwhoopingcranesontheirfirsttripsouth.Theypaintedeachairplanetolooklikeawhoopingcrane.Eventhepilotsworespecialclothingtomakethemlooklikecranes.Thecranesbegantotrusttheairplanes,andtheplanworked.

Today,planesstillleadbirdsacrossapproximately1,200miles（1,931kilometers）,fromtheUnitedStates-CanadianbordertotheGulfofMexico.Theyleavethebirdsatdifferentsites.Ifatripissuccessful,thebirdscantravelontheirowninthefuture.Then,whenthesebirdsbecomeparents,theywillteachtheiryoungtomigrate.ThepeopleofOperationMigrationthinkthisistheonlywaytomaintainthewhoopingcranepopul