现代通信和网络技术及产品词汇英文.docx

现代通信和网络技术及产品词汇英文.docx

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现代通信和网络技术及产品词汇英文

现代通信和网络技术及产品词汇（英文）

词汇表

术语

定义

AccessLine

Thephysicaltelecommunicationscircuitconnectinganenduserlocationwiththeservingcentralofficeinalocalnetworkenvironment.Alsocalledthelocalloopor"lastmile."SeealsoLocalLoop.

AccessNetwork

Thatportionofapublic-switchednetworkthatconnectsaccessnodestoindividualsubscribers.Theaccessnetworktodayispredominantlypassivetwistedpaircopperwiring

AccessNodes

Pointsontheedgeoftheaccessnetworkthatconcentrateindividualaccesslinesintoasmallernumberoffeederlines.Accessnodesmayalsoperformvariousformsofprotocolconversion.TypicalaccessnodesareDLCsystemsconcentratingindividualvoicelinestoT-1lines,cellularantennasites,PBXs,andONUs.

AccessRate

Thetransmissionspeedofthephysicalaccesscircuitbetweentheenduserlocationandthelocalnetwork.Thisisgenerallymeasuredinbitspersecond;alsocalledAccessSpeed.

Adapter

SeeAdapterCard.

AdapterCard

Circuitboardorotherhardwarethatprovidesthephysicalinterfacetoacommunicationsnetwork;anelectronicsboardinstalledinacomputerwhichprovidesnetworkcommunicationcapabilitiestoandfromthatcomputer;acardthatconnectstheDTEtothenetwork.AlsocalledaNetworkInterfaceCard.SeealsoDataTerminationEquipmentandNetworkInterfaceCard.

ADSLForum

TheorganizationdevelopinganddefiningxDSLstandards,includingthoseaffectingADSL,SDSL,HDSL,andVDSL.MembersparticipateincommitteestovoteonADSLspecifications;auditingmembersreceivemarketingandtechnicaldocumentation.

ADSLTransmissionUnit-CentralOffice

TheADSLmodemorlinecardthatphysicallyterminatesanADSLconnectionatthetelephoneserviceprovider'sservingcentraloffice.

ADSLTransmissionUnit-Remote

TheADSLmodemorPCcardthatphysicallyterminatesanADSLconnectionattheenduser'slocation.

AlwaysOn

Currentdial-upservicesrequiretheuserto"makeacall"totheISP.Theconnectionisonlyactiveduringthedurationofthecall.MostxDSLimplementations（includingADSL,UADSL,andSDSL）enabletheconnectiontobealwaysoninafashionsimilartoaLAN.

AmericanWireGauge

Ameasureofthethicknessofcopper,aluminum,andotherwiringintheUSandelsewhere.Coppercablingtypicallyvariesfrom18to26AWG,thehigherthenumber,thethinnerthewire.Thethickerthewire,thelesssusceptibleitistointerference.Ingeneral,thinwirecannotcarrythesameamountofelectricalcurrentthesamedistancethatthickerwirecan.

Analog

Anelectricalsignalorwaveforminwhichtheamplitudeand/orfrequencyvarycontinuously

AnalogFrontEnd

Theanalogfrontendsareresponsibleforconvertingthedigitalsignaltoanalogandforcethesignalontothetwistedpairline.

ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit

Achipdesignedforaspecificapplication.ExamplesofanASICapplicationcanbeSDSLorotherbroadbandsolutions.

AsymmetricalDigitalSubscriberLine

BellCoretermfordeliveryofdigitalinformationoverordinarycopperphonelines.ADSLusesasystemoffrequencydivisionwherebylowerfrequencyPOTSsignalsaredeliveredtothehomeunalteredwhiledigitalsignalstraversethephonelineathigherfrequenciesfordeliverytoendstationssuchasavideoCODECorPC.Asymmetricreferstothefactthatthedownstream（totheuser）channelscanoutweightheupstream（tothenetwork）channelsbyaratioashighas20:

1.ThisasymmetryisagoodfitforvideoondemandandInternetaccessapplicationswheretheparadigmisasmallrequestuptothenetworkandalargedeliverytotheuser.

AsynchronousTransferMode

Aprotocolthatpacksdigitalinformationinto53-bytecells（5-byteheaderand48bytesofpayload）thatareswitchedthroughoutanetworkovervirtualcircuits（standardizedbytheITUTin1988tocreateaBISDN）.Itsabilitytoaccommodatemultipletypesofmedia（voice,video,anddata）makesitalikelyplayerforfullservicenetworksbasedonADSLandVDSL.

AsynchronousTransmission

Datatransmissiononecharacteratatimetothereceivingdevice,withintervalsofvaryinglengthsbetweentransmittalsandwithstartbitsatthebeginningandstopbitsattheendofeachcharacter,tocontrolthetransmission.InxDSLandinmostdial-upmodemcommunications,asynchronouscommunicationsareoftenfoundinInternetaccessandremoteofficeapplications.SeeSynchronousTransmission

ATMAdaptionLayer5

AstandardadoptedbytheATMForumforaclassofservicecalledHighSpeedDataTransfer

ATMCell

AnATMcellis53byteslongcontaininga5-byteheaderanda48-bytepayload.TheheaderofanATMcellcontainsallnecessaryinformationfordatatoreachtheappropriateendpoint.ThepayloadportionofanATMcellcancontainanytypeofinformation,beitvoice,video,ordata

ATMConnection

AnATMconnectionisactuallyonephysicalconnectionbetweentwoendpoints,thatcontainsmultipleVCs.Furthermore,multipleVCscanbegroupedtotraverseaVP.SeealsoPermanentVirtualCircuit,SwitchedVirtualCircuit,VirtualChannelIdentifier,andVirtualPathIdentifier.

ATMForum

TheorganizationtaskedwithdevelopinganddefiningATMstandards.Seeformoreinformation.

ATMPassiveOpticalNetwork

ApassiveopticalnetworkrunningATM

ATM25

ATMForum-defined25.6Mbpscell-baseduserinterfacebasedonIBMtokenringnetwork.

Attenuation

Thedissipationofthepowerofatransmittedsignalasittravelsoverthecopperwireline.

AvailableBitRate

Providesaguaranteedminimumcapacitybutallowsdatatobeburstedathighercapacitieswhenthenetworkisfree.

AddressMask

AbitmaskusedtoselectbitsfromanInternetaddressforsubnetaddressing.Themaskis32bitslongandselectsthenetworkportionoftheInternetaddressandonemorebitsofthelocalportion.Sometimescalledsubnetmask.

ANSI

AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute.TheU.S.standardizationbody.ANSIisamemberoftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization（ISO）.

API

ApplicationProgramInterface.Asetofcallingconventionsdefininghowaserviceisinvokedthroughasoftwarepackage.

AppleTalk

AnetworkingprotocoldevelopedbyAppleComputerforcommunicationbetweenAppleComputerproductsandothercomputers.Thisprotocolisindependentofwhatnetworkitislayeredon.CurrentimplementationexistforLocalTalk（235Kbps）andEtherTalk（10Mbps）.

Asynchronous

Typicaltransmissionmethodofdialupmodems.Dataistransmittedusingastartbitatthebeginningofacharacterandastopbitattheend.Thetimeintervalbetweencharactersmaybeofvaryinglengths.Synchronousdatausesanexternalreferenceclocktounifybothendsofthedatacircuit.

ApplicationSharing

Applicationsharingisafeaturethatallowstwopeopletoworktogetherwhenoneoftheindividualsdoesn'thavethesameapplication,orsameversionoftheapplication.Inapplicationsharing,oneuserlaunchestheapplicationanditrunssimultaneously.Bothuserscaninputinformationandotherwisecontroltheapplicationusingthekeyboardandmouse.AlthoughitappearsthattheapplicationisrunningonbothPC's,itactuallyisrunningononlyone,yeteachuseroperatesasthoughtheapplicationwererunningonbothPC's.Filesassociatedwiththeapplicationcanbeeasilytransferred,sotheresultsofthecollaborationareavailabletobothusersimmediately.Thepersonwholaunchedtheapplicationcanlockouttheotherpersonfrommakingchanges,sothelocked-outpersonseestheapplicationrunningbutcannotcontrolit.

Analog

Aformoftransmittinginformationcharacterizedbycontinuouslyvariablequantities,asopposedtodigitaltransmission,whichischaracterizedbydiscretebitsofinformationinnumericalsteps.Ananalogsignalisresponsivetochangesinlight,sound,heatandpressure.

Analog-to-DigitalConversion（ADC）

Processofconvertinganalogsignalstoadigitalrepresentation.DACrepresentsthereversetranslation.

ATM

AsynchronousTransferMode.Highspeed（upto155Mbps）,highbandwidth,low-delay,transporttechnology,integratingmultipledatatypes（voice,video,anddata）.ITUhasselectedATMasthebasisforthefuturebroadbandnetworkbecauseofitsflexibilityandsuitabilityforbothtransmissionandswitching.Maybeusedinthephoneandcomputernetworksofthefuture.

Audio

Invideocommunications,electricalsignalsthatcarrysounds.Thetermisalsousedtodescribesystemsconcernedwithsoundwithrecordingandtransmission;speechpickupsystems,transmissionlinksthatcarrysounds,amplifiersandthelike.

AudioBridge

Equipmentthatmixesmultipleaudioinputsandfeedsbackcompositeaudiotoeachstationafterremovingtheindividualstation'sinput.Thisequipmentmayalsobecalledamix-minusaudiosystem.

AutonomousSystem

Internet（TCP/IP）terminologyforacollectionofgateways（routers）thatfallunderoneadministrativeentityandcooperateusingacommonInteriorGatewayProtocol（IGP）.

共37条词汇

词汇表

术语

定义

BasicRateAccess

SeeBasicRateInterface

BChannel

The"bearer"channel,intheISDNscheme.WithbothbasicrateandprimaryrateISDN,thisisafull-duplex64Kbpschannelforsendingandreceivingdata.SeealsoBasicRateInterface,IntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork,andPrimaryRateInterface

Backbone

Thatpartofanetworkwhichisusedasthemainpathforcarryingtrafficbetweennetworkendpoints.

BackboneLAN

AtransmissionfacilitydesignedtointerconnecttwoormoreLANsegments.

Backplane

Acommonbusinachassisthatdistributeslowvoltagepowertoeachcardslot.

Bandwidth

Thisisareflectionofthesizeorthecap