高考英语语法易错点30题精讲练专题05 介词解析版.docx
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高考英语语法易错点30题精讲练专题05介词解析版
2021高考英语语法【介词】易错点30题精讲练解析版
专题五介词与介词短语易错点集锦
一、介词的句法功能
1.作定语
Thekeytothedoorismissing.
2.作状语
Hereyesweretiredfromlongreading.
3.作表语
JapanistothecastofChina.
4.作宾语补足语
Makeyourselfathome.
二.介词的宾语易错点
名词、代词
Don'tforgettoturnoffthelightsbeforeleavingyourclassroom.
Don'thidebehindothers.
数词
Therewasonlyonepieceofcake,butwecancutitintotwo.
Thestudentsbegantoshowupbytwosandthrees.
Whenwewentin,wefoundhisroomatsixesandsevens.
形容词、副词
Herpronunciationisfarfromperfect.Hisuncleisfromabroad.
动词-ing形式
Isucceededinpassingthedrivingtest.
OnarrivinginVenice,weknewthatitwasacityofwater.
动词不定式
Theplaneisabouttotakeoff.
宾语从句
Shegotveryangrybecauseofwhathehadsaid.
IamthinkingofhowIshalldomoreforthepeople.
疑问词+
不定式短语
Marxgaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnforeignlanguages.
Theyarediscussinghowto sell the goods elsewhere.
动词原形
Hisfatherhadnothingtodoalldayexceptplaycards.
介词短语
Theboyjumpedfrombehindthedoor.Theballrolledoutfromunderthetable.
三.介词的省略用法易错点
1.of的省略
Thetwogirlsare(of)thesameage.
2.from的省略
Nobodycanpreventus(from)gettingmarried.Youmuststopher(from)tellingsuchlies.
3.in的省略
Hespendsnearlyhalfofhismonthlyincome(in)buyingbooks.
Hewastedtime(in)doingnothing.
4.on的省略
Keep(on)talkingamongstyourselves.I'llbebackinaminute.
四.常用介词的用法比较集锦
1.表示时间in/after
in十时间段:
一般用于将来时
after+时间段:
一般用于过去时
He'llbebackinaweek.他一周后回来。
Hereturnedafteraweek.他一周后回来了。
2.表示时间
in/on
in表示一段时间
on表示具体某天
Heusuallygoestoschoolinthemorning.
HeusuallystaysathomeonSundaymorning.
3.表示时间
for/since/by
for接时间段,一般用于过去时完成时和将来时
since接时间点,用于完成时
by接时间点,用于完成时
Heworkedinthatfactoryfor20years.
Theyhavelivedherefor70years.
Shewillstaytherefortwohours.
HehasmadealotoffriendssincehecametoChina.
Wehadlearned30Englishsongsbytheendoflastterm.
4.表示地点
in/at
小地方用at
大地方用in.
HearrivedinBeijingatnoon.
Hearrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.
5.表示位置关系
in/on/to
in表示在某范围之内
on表示相邻
to表示范围之外不相邻
BeijingisinthenorthofChina.北京在中国北方。
KorealiesontheeastofChina.朝鲜在中国东面。
JapanlocatestotheeastofChina.日本在中国东面。
6.表示位置、数目
above/over/on
above表示在数目,价格,能力等方面“超过······”;在位置方面“在上方”,反义词是below.
over表示数目等“超过······”在位置方面“在正上方”,反义词under.
on表示“在·····面上”,反义词beneath.
Theoldmanmustbeabove100.
这位老人一定超过了100岁。
Thetextisaboveme.
这篇课文我理解不了。
Heusedtoworkinthetowerabovetheriver.
Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisover3,000.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.
TherearesomeEnglishbooksonthedesk.
7.表示穿过/越过across/through/over
across表示“横穿一个平面”
through表示“在内部穿过去”
over表示“在上方越过去”
Hecanswimacrosstheriver.
Theforestistoothickforustogothrough.
Theplaneisflyingovertheforest.
8.表示范围
besides/except/
exceptfor
besides表示“除了······以外,还有”;
except表示“只有······除外”
exceptfor一般表示“美中不足”
BesidesTom,wealsowenttoseethefilm.
(Tom也去了)除了汤姆,我们也去看电影了。
WeallwenttoseethefilmexceptTom.
(Tom没去)除了汤姆没去,我们都去看电影了。
Yourcompositionisgoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.
你的作文很好,只有一些拼写错误。
9.表示范围
between/among
between表示“在两者之间”
among表示“在三者及三者以上之间”
Thesecretmustbekeptbetweenthetwoofus.
Hewavedhishandinordertomakehimselfnoticedamongthecrowd.
10.表示朝向
to/at/for
表示“朝”,“向”时,
to和go,come,hurry,get等连用
at和throw,shout等连用
for和head,leave,setout,sail连用
Shehurriedtothepolicestation.
她匆忙赶到警察局
Don'tshoutather.It'snotherfault.
不要朝她喊叫,不是她的错。
HeisleavingforShanghaitomorrow.他明天去上海
11.表示原因的介词(短语)
for/becauseof/dueto/
thanksto/owingto/
onaccountof/
asaresultof
Hewasshakingwithcold.
Thegirlfellillfromeatingtoolittle.
Theopenaircelebrationhasbeenputoffbecauseofthebadweather.
Owingtobadweather,theflightwasdelayedforacoupleofhours.
12表示方式或手段
with/by/in/on
表示使用的工具、手段、材料时,with,by,in,on都译为“用”。
with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官
by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具
in指使用某种语言、笔墨等
on多用于固定短语中用铅
byhand,bymeansof,inink,inEnglish
Weseewithoureyes.
Wearediggingwithspades(铁锹)。
byair,bycar,bybus,bybike,inmycar,onthebus
Willyoucometothecinemawithus?
Withtimepassingby,hehasbecomeusedtotheclimatethere.
Theteachercomesintotheclassroomwithsomebooksinhishand.
Helikestogotobedwiththewindowsopen.
13.表示情感或特征
of+抽象名词
to+情感类名词
beof+抽象名词=be+adj.
beofvalue=bevaluable
toone’s+名词
=tothe+名词+ofsb
toone'ssurprise=tothesurpriseofsb.
toone'sjoy,toone'sregret,toone'srelief,
toone'sdisappointment
五.一些常用介词的用法
1.against
Hestoodagainstthedoor.他靠着门站着。
Areyoufororagainsthisplan?
你是支持还是反对他的计划?
Shesavedsomemoneyagainstoldage.
她存钱防老。
3.by
Itwillberainingbythetimeyougetthere.
你到那时可能正在下雨。
Hestoodstillbytheriverforhalfanhour.
他一动不动地在河边站了半个小时。
Sheearnedherlivingbysellingnewspapers.
她靠卖报为生。
Heenteredtheroombythebackdoor.
他是从后门进来的。
Theygotpaidbythehour.
他们的工资按小时计。
Thenumberofstudentsislargerthanlastyearby80.学生数今年比去年多80.
2.beyond
Herfathertoldhernottobebackbeyond10:
00intheevening.
Myhomeisjustbeyondtheriver.
Thebookisfarbeyondme.
这本书太难了,我看不懂。
4.in
Heisdressedinbluetoday.
HewrotehisletterinEnglish.他用英语写信。
Theytalkedinalowvoice.他们低声交谈。
Theletterwaswritteninink.信是用墨水写的。
5.with
Wouldyouliketogowithme?
Thelittleoldmanwiththickglassesismyfirstchemistryteacher.
Pleasewritewithapen.请用钢笔写。
Herfaceturnedredwithanger.她气得满脸通红。
Hemaderapidprogresswithherhelp.
Withthesewords,hewentaway.说完他就走了。
六.常用的45个介词短语
1.outofplace,2.exceptfor,3.exceptthat,
4.beyonddescription,5.accountfor,
6.onaccountof,7.inaway,
8.inparticular,9.incharge,
10.asaresultof,11.incase(of)...,
12.betiredof,13.beproudof,
14.theanswer/keyto,15.nextto,16.similarto,17.dueto,18.thanksto,
19.popularwith,20.aboveall,
21onbehalfof,22afterall,23.intermsof,24.inneedof,25.infavourof,
26.inreturn,27.inshort,28.apartfrom,29.insteadof,30.regardlessof,
31.indetail,32.ingeneral,33.onpurpose,
34.inplaceof,35.insearchof,
36.forfearof,37.inexchangefor,
38.inadditionto,39.inspiteof,
40.invain,41.beyondreach,42.farfrom,
43.freefrom,44bytheway,45.befondof
Hisspeechisperfectexceptforpronunciation.
Theparkisbeautifulbeyonddescription.
Themanagerhadtostepdownonaccountofpoorhealth.
Takeyourskatesincaseyoudecidetogoskating.
Cathythoughtthatshehadtheanswertoeverything.
Itcannotbemeasuredintermsofmoney.
HewenttoParisinsearchofworkasanunskilledlabourer.
Itbecameobviousthatallhercomplaintswereinvain.
Theproject had to be abandoned due to a lackofgovernmentfunding.
Your achievements are somethingto be proud of.
On behalf of the department I wouldlike tothank youall.
Developed countries, in particular, should beartheresponsibilityforenvironmentalproblems.
The house is in need of a thoroughclean.
I wouldn'tbe in favour of incometax cuts.
At a clothes swap event the women can give away unwanted clothingand get somethingdifferent in return.
Nothing else matters to him apart from his job.
I shouldhave to giveup my place in time, for fear of doingmy muscles aninjury.
七.分词形式的介词用法易错点
including/considering/regarding/concerning/
Shewritesformanypapers,includingtheSundayTimes.
She'sveryactive,consideringherage.
Shehassaidnothingregardingyourrequest.
Formoreinformationconcerningtheclubcontact
2021高考英语语法【介词】易错点对点训练30题
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackdogs,seventobeexact.
2.IwassearchingthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.
3.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease-theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.
4.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-time;beforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeengineeringorarchitecture.
5.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandwork.
【答案详解】
1.of解析:
apackof意为:
“一群”。
2.for解析:
searchfor“寻找”,为固定搭配。
3.as解析:
此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法。
as表示“作为”,故填as.
4.in解析:
getadegreein“在······方面获得学位”,是固定搭配。
5.from解析:
和and前的to对应,toandfrom意为“来回”。
故填from。
II.精选典题介词专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6.InmanyplaceslikeBritainandItaly,ifyouleavethehousewithoutyourwallet,you’llbeadifficultsituationallday.
7.Meanwhile,thosewhoaresuccessfulandfamoushavetodealwithconstantmediaattention.Theyare
alsohugepressuretoappearyoungandbeautiful.
8.ThetheoryofkungfuisbasedclassicalChinesephilosophy(哲学).
9.ThecitylookedalmostthesameasithadlookedinA.D.79.Therewerestreetsandfountains,housesandshops.Therewasastadium20.000seats.
10.Nowadays,thedevelopmentoftechnology,onlineshoppingisbecomingmoreandmoreconvenient.
11.Theuniversityisfamousoutstandingacademicachievementsandthehighqualityofresearchundertakeninawiderangeofscienceandartssubjects.
12.Anothergoodreasonreadingbooksisthatitisuseful.
13.Youcanalsoapplyachancetogetaninformalpositionrelatedtoyourdesiredindustry.
14.Myparentsandteachersweresurprisedmybadperformance.
15.Myexperiencehastaughtmethatonlyifweattachgreatimportancecooperationcanwegobeyondourselves.
【答案详解】
6.in 解析:
句意:
在很多像英国和