完整版TheFeminineConsciousnessinTheYellowWallpaperandTheStoryofanHour英语毕业设计.docx

完整版TheFeminineConsciousnessinTheYellowWallpaperandTheStoryofanHour英语毕业设计.docx

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完整版TheFeminineConsciousnessinTheYellowWallpaperandTheStoryofanHour英语毕业设计

TheFeminineConsciousnessinTheYellowWallpaperandTheStoryofanHour

By

WangLi

Supervisor:

WangJingmin

AThesis

SubmittedinPartial

FulfillmentoftheRequirements

FortheBachelorDegreeofArtsinthe

CollegeofArts,HebeiUniversityofEngineering

June,2015

摘要

凯特·肖邦和夏洛特·伯金斯·吉尔曼是19世纪女性主义文学创作的先驱。

本文以她们各自的代表作《一个小时的故事》和《黄墙纸》为例，分析作者的女性主义追求。

在人物设计上，两篇小说的主人公同在父权制和婚姻的束缚下失去自由；在故事情节上，场景都设置在房间中，主人公于屋内不拘形迹，于屋外克己复礼；在写作手法上，两篇小说都别具匠心地综合运用反衬、烘托、象征等多种艺术手法。

本文通过对作品的创作背景、主要内容、主题思想、表达技巧以及社会意义的综合分析，从女性主义思想与文学表达方式两个层面阐述了19世纪女性的困境与自我救赎。

关键词：

女性意识；《黄强纸》；《一个小时的故事》

Abstract

KateChopinandCharlottePerkinsGilman,thepioneersoffeministliterature,bothinstilledthepursuitoffeminismintheirworks.Thisthesistendstodiscussthemasterpieces:

TheStoryofanHourandTheYellowWallpaper.Inthetwoshortstories,bothofthearoomthattheplotsarearranged.Stayinginside,theenjoyaworldoftheirown;outsidetheroom,sharpcontrasttothetraditional“Victorian”women.Besides,bothofthewritersuniqueingenuityonwritingtechniques,suchascontrast,decoration,andsymbolism.Thisthesisismeanttostatethesubordinationandself-redemptionofthefemalesinthe19thcenturyandexpoundtheartistictechniquesappliedtoillustratethetheme.

KeyWords:

Feminism;TheYellowWallpaper;TheStoryofanHour

Contents

Introduction1

ChapterITheBackgroundandNarrativeStrategyofFeministLiterature3

1.1TheMaleDiscourseandtheYokeofMatrimony3

1.2TheNarrativeStrategyoftheSelected-pieces4

ChapterIITheDilemmaofHeroineandtheRelevantArtisticExpression8

2.1TheOppressed“Mrs.Mallard”and“theMadwoman”8

2.2TheArtisticExpressionAdoptedintheDescriptionofOppression11

ChapterIIITheResistanceandCompromisetoPatriarchy16

3.1TheAwakeningoftheSelf-consciousnessofHeroines16

3.2TheCostofSelf-awakening17

3.3TheSocialMeaningofFeministLiteraryCreation17

Conclusion19

References20

Acknowledgements21

Introduction

position.Underthecontrolofpatriarchy,Americansocietycouldnotenduretheindependenceandlibertyofwomen.“Womanquestion”,suchascondition,matrimonyandprofession,measuredbyChopin.InAtFault,thatnooneshouldsubmissivelyleavethefatetotheexactingandignorantruleofwhatHourisclassicalfeministliterarycreation.

wasborninConnecticut.Manyasocialreformer,whogainedconsiderablefameinGilman’sBeecherfamily,inspiredtheshortnovel:

shewaswithinaninchofmadnessundertheoppression.Theworkiswrittentosatirizethepatriarchyandmatrimony.

TheStoryofanHourandTheYellowWallpaperweretworepresentativeshortstoriesattheendofthe19thcentury.Thefeministtrendisvividlyreflectedtosearchfortheidentityandfemaleinnerstrength.TheStoryofanHourtellsusthatthelovethatdeprivesthewomenoflibertyisnomorethanthedeath.Withthesametheme,TheYellowWallpaperexpressestheignoranceofwomen’sdistinctivefeelingandemotionalappealingunderthelovingmannerofmen.Theauthorityofmalesmakesitdifficultforfemalestoliberatefromtheconstraintsandoppression.Shortasthestoriesareinlength,theyprovokethereaders’furtherconsideration.

Actually,manyscholarsaboutthetwomasterpieces.However,mostofthemfocusonthefeministthought.Inthissituation,thisthesistendstodiscussthemasterpiecesfromtheircommonground.Themaincontentinvolvesliterarycreationbackground,maincontent,theme,andwritingtechniques,soastogivereadersacomprehensiveviewoffeminism.Inthisterm,thereaderscanfurtherunderstandthetwoshortstoriesfromtherelationshipbetweenthethemeanditsliteraryexpression.

Thethesisconsistsofthreechapters.Allchaptersandtheircontentareprogressive.ChapterOnegivesashortintroductiontothecreationbackgroundandthenarrativestrategyofthemasterpieces.Theprevailingsocialvaluelimitsthenarrativemode,buttheauthorsingeniouslychoosedifferentnarrativestrategiestomakethefeminismprominent.ChapterTwocomestothedilemmaofbyanalyzingthewritingtechniques.Ononetheothertechniquesmakesthedilemmaof.InChapterThree,weconductthewoman’sself-redemptionunderunequalsubordinationandanalyzethecostofself-awakeningtothe19thcentury,theauthorityofthepatriarchydominatesAmericaandthetraditionalmoralcodeof“Truewomen”wasrecommended.Thecommoncentralcreedistoimprisonthewomentoact asdaughter,wifeandmother,therolesdesignedbysociety.Itisintangiblechainsofwomen.Feminismconcentratesonthegenderdifferencetoexplorethepossibleequivalence.Withtheadvancementoffeminism,therelevantliterarycreationemergesattherightmoment.Thefeminismconsciousnessisreflectedintwoaspects:

oneistheliterarycriticisminthepuresense.Thefeministtrendispresentedinthetextcontent.Theotheristheliterarycreationitself.Femalewritingisregardedasakindofsubversiveandresistantpower.

1.1TheMaleDiscourseandtheYokeofMatrimony

Theculturaldisfigurementssuchasthemalediscourse,genderstereotypeandgenderbiaswereprevailinginthe19thcentury.Thedominantpatriarchycultureistypicalevidence.Patriarchycultureisakindoftenderingculturewiththerepresentativecharacteristicofmalechauvinismbelievingthatmenaresuperiortowomen.Inthegenderrelations,males’valueisdominant;meanwhile,femalesaresubordinative（ZhuLi2011）.Thisisasystematic,structuredandinequitableinstitutionwherefemalesaretheaccessoriesformales.Withitsandrealisticcondition,patriarchyasakindofmightyculturemakesitdifficultforwomentorealizethesocialvalue.Consequently,itcontributestotheresistanceofwomen.

Inmaritalrelations,thewifeisdefinedasacharacterthatstaysat,fame,notonlythese,but,easeandpleasure,Hu27）.Thetraditionalwomenleechontomenwhointurnrestrictthemovementandactionsofthem.Inthemarriagebond,thesocialstatusofeachisobviouslyunequal.Husbandistheofmale.Toensuresmoothprogressofworkperformance,thestrongbackupforceisindispensible.Itistakenforgrantedthatthewifebecomesthevictimofdomesticaffairs.

Tosummarize,thetraditionalnotion,asstumblingblockontheirself-savedway,bringswomenagreatdealofsorrow.Andwomenbecomethevictimstobemanipulatedforpleasureandbenefit.Asanindividual,shereceivesnorespectfromthesociety;asawife,shereceivesnoequalityinthemaritalrelation;asawomanofindependentmind,shereceivesnofreedomtoexpressfinallycontributestotherevoltofwomen.Thefeministliterarycreation,undersuchsocialbackground,.

1.2TheNarrativeStrategyoftheSelected-pieces

TheStoryofanHourandTheYellowWallpaperaretworepresentativeshortstoriesinAmericainwhichthefeministtrendisvividlyreflected.Withspecialsocialcondition,thefeministcreationisunderpressurefromallsides.Asaresult,thepropernarrativestrategyisindispensable:

malediscourseisskillfullychallengedbythereasonablechooseofnarrativeperson;withweakfoundation,theexpressionofbothisvaguetosomeextenttoavoidconfrontation;thenarrationofplotisreplacedbythedescriptionofsurroundingsandinternalmonologuetoaddinformationtotheawakeningoffemaleconsciousness.

1.2.1AmbiguousExpressionandInsaneNarration

Attheendofthenineteenthcentury,woman’sliberationmovementwasofsmallscale.The writers undertheoppressionofmalediscourseofpatriarchyintheirworks,sotheambiguousexpressionandinsanenarrationareappliedtoconveythesufferingofwomenundermale-domination.

Theself-awarenessoftheTheStoryofanHour,frominsensitivitytoawakeningandfinalevaporation,occursinantwothousandwords,butthetragedyof“Mrs.Mallard”isdescribedfully.Withouttoomuchdescriptionabouttheoppression,theauthorjustconcentratesonthementalactivitiesof“Mrs.Mallard”,butthesuffocatingandinequitableoppressionismostincisivelyexpressed.Theever-changinginwardworldshowsusaseriesoflifebits,fullofimagination,thoughtandsub-consciousness.Theauthorevendescribesthemalecharacterasascrupulousandconsiderategentleman.However,ponderingthedescriptionofthecharacter,wecanconcludethatthepraiseisactuallysarcasm.Furthermore,thenarrationabouttheshacklesofmarriageisambiguous.“Free,free,free”,therepeatingwordbecomesthemostpowerfuldenouncement.Itisnotonlythecalloffreedombutalsothedenouncementofmarriage.Frombeginningtoend,theauthordoesnotemployanydetailsaboutthe“powerfulwill”,butsheskillfullyprovidesenoughimaginaryspaceforreaders.Betweenthelines,theambiguousexpressionmakestheresistancethrownonfemalesdisclosedclearly.

“Thenatureofactualspiritualfreedomitselfcanbeunderstoodandexperiencedonlythroughaphenomenologyofone’sthinking”（Hu14）.InTheYellowWallpaper,withoutdiscoursepower,madnessbecomesakindofundisguisedresistance.Onlythencan“I”communicatewiththefantasticcharacter.Inthedowntroddenstatus,thepassionforfreedomandmeaningfullifeisgraftedonthefantasticcharacter.Finally,the“angelinthe”.

Inasocietythatwomenaredeprivedofdiscoursepower,noonewillbefussyaboutwhatamadwomansays.Therefore,thestateofmadnessmentalconfusion,madnessisdirectrebelliontopaternityoppression.Sincetheinsanenarratorsaywhatevershewants.Fromtheprocessofstrugglingwiththewallpaper,weconcludethatthelockeddoorandthearbitrarythewell-knitwallp