散文翻译中英对照.docx

散文翻译中英对照.docx

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散文翻译中英对照

新编英语教程8（第一单元~第六单元、第八单元）笔记整理。

包括：

新编英语教程8的课后句子改写paraphrase参考答案。

新编英语教材学生用书8部分重点课文解读和课后答案。

Paraphrases:

第一单元

1.But,fromthehistoricalperspective,wearenowalittlemoremature,realistic:

fourhundredyearsago,peopleregardedhappinesswithwonderment,thinkingthatitbefellsomeoneasaresultofan

inexplicablearrangementmadebythemysteriousuniverse.

2.Happinessinshakespeare'stime,andevenafterwards,wasassociatedwithwealth,successandposition,whichinsomeway,cameuponacertainperson,whowouldexpresssuchanoccasionintheformofgreatjoyorexcitement.

3.HappinessisnoIongeraccidental,indeed,itbecomesanobjectivetoachieve.

4.Peopledefinitelyvariedintheiropinionsastowhathasgivenrisetohappinessandwhathappinessactuallymeans.

第二单元

1.Theywereamazedatmybeingsostubbornlyinquisitiveoverthatissue,unabletofigureouthow

icouldbesoignorantofwhatwasgoingonaboutsocommonplaceapracticeintheamericaneconomicandpoliticallife.

2.Whenimmoralityprevails,it'spracticallynousetalkingconvincinglyaboutconscienee.

3.Manyamericansarealwayspreachingabouthumanequality,butwilltakeafirmstandagainsttheissueofequalrightsintheircommunitiesandschools.

4.Itseemsthattheyarealsobraveenoughtotaketheriskinreiteratingtheirworry,

which,consequently,makesthemsuchunforgivableborestothosesuccessfulsocialclimbers.

5.Ultimately,onlythesepeoplemayhopefullyhelptocreateasocietythatischaracterizedbyitsmoralstrengththatleadstoitscontinuousexisteneeinsteadofitsmoraldegradationthatendsintisdestruction.

第三单元

1.Wetendtobelievethatweareaharmoniousimpartialandbenevolentpeople,livingunderapprovedlawsbutnotbythewillofanyindividualinthegovernment.

2.Ifweignorethisotheraspectofthefact,weshallfailtolookatournationfromanunbiasedperspective.

3.Nomaterhowhardwepersuadedourselvestobelievethatindiansandnegroeswereinferiortous,we,inactualfact,werequiteclearthatthey,justlikeus,wereGod'schildren.

4.Theevideneeregardingsuchsuppressionasrecordedinamericanhistoryisamplysuppliedinamericanliteraryworks.

5.Whatthewhitesrefusedtoencounterintheirdescriptionofthepastwasactuallyrecountedinthedreamsandfantasiesinartisticforms.

第四单元

1.Fromthefootstepsofthatfrightenedwoman,i,forthefirsttime,realizedthatmybeingbornablackhasunfortunatelyenabledpeople,atthesightofme,toadjusttheirdistaneefrommeinamostunfriendlymanner.

2.Iwasalsowellawarethatilookedexactlylikeabadboywhowouldintrude,fromtimetotime,intotheneighborhoodfromaslumnearby.

3.Tobeaman,youmustacquirethepowertoscareandsubduepeople.

4.Wheniwasaboy,isawmanyjuveniledelinquentstakenawaybythecops.ihavesineeattendedseveralfunerals,too.

5.Iwasnotinapositiontoprovemyidentity.Whaticouldthinkofwasthatiwalkquicklytojoinsomeonewhocouldverifywhoiwas.

第五单元

1.Butsuchcaseweresufficientinnumbertomakeitseemasiftherewerejustificationforthe

increasingfearofcommunists.

2.Josephmccarthythoughtitwashightimethatheshouldcomeuponthestage,declaringthatheheldalistofnamesofactivecommunistswhowerestrivingtoruinthegovernmentnow.

3.Hewaskeptfullyoccupied,buthedidn'tseemtobesuccessful.

4.TheninwheelingthatFebruaryeveningatthebeginningofthe50s,joe,atlast,wasfortunateenoughtohaveseizedawonderfulchaneeand,likeameteor,startedtoclimbupthepoliticalladder.

5.Fromthatmoment,itseemedthatthesenatorhadplacedtheentirecountryunderhiscontrol.

第六单元

1,whatthebooktriestotellisthattheikshavebecomeanunalterablyrepulsivepeople,self-centered,

irrational,inconsiderateandunfeeling,asaresultofthedisintegrationoftheirtraditionalculture.

2,itshouldbeagreedfirstofallthathumanbeingsareanevilbreed.Livinginthisworldallfornothingbuttheirowninterests,andtheymayshowsomeloveandsympathy,simplybecausetheyweretaughttodevelopsuchastheirhabits.

3,theynevertalkexceptwhentheymakerudedemandsandimpoliterefusals.

4,theywilllaughtoseeillluckbefallotherpeople.

5,theIonelyik,banishedinthedesolationofavanishedculture,hasfoundanotherwaytoprotecthimself.

第八单元

Undertheblowsofpeasantwarsandkinglyconquest,theisolatedexisteneeofearlyfeudalismgavewaytocentralizedmonarchies.

=peasantwarsandmonarchicaltriumphsconcludedtheearlyseparatefeudalsocieties,andtheunifiedandcentralizedkingdomsassumedpower.

Andinturnthegreatnationaladventuresoftheenglishandspanishandportuguesesailor-capitalistsbroughtafloodoftreasureandtreasure-consciousnessbacktoeurope.

=anationwidefervorofseafaringmerchantsinengland,spainandportugaltoexplorecountriesoverseasconsequentlybroughtbackalotofwealthandrenewedanoticeablewealth-awarenessamongtheeuropeannations.

=theattitudeofchristophercolumbuswasrepresentativeofatimeinhistory,whichquickenedtheformationofasocietycharacterizedbyanambitionforsuccessandacravingformoney.

=alongwiththissocialchange,therewaslittlewonderthatpowerbegantodescenduponthemerchants,becausetheywerefinanciallyknowledged,anddepartfromthecontemptuousgentlemen,becausetheywerefinanciallyignorant.

=itwasnotsoeasyforbookkeepingtobeadoptedasanecessaryaccountingdevice,anddoubleentrywasnotuniversallyacceptedasanaccountingmechanismuntilthe17thcentury

第八单元课文解读

Thenewscience

Thegreatchariotofsociety,whichforsolonghadrundownthegentleslopeoftradition,nowfounditselfpoweredbyaninternalcombustionengine.Transactionsandgainprovidedanewandstartlingmotiveforce.Whatforcescouldhavebeensufficientlypowerfultosmashacomfortableandestablishedworldandinstituteinitsplacethisnewsociety.Therewasnosinglemassivecause.It

wasnotgreatevents,singleadventures,individuallaws,orcharmingpersonalitieswhichbroughtabouttheeconomicrevolution.Itwasaprocessofinternalgrowth.First,therewasthegradualemergeneeofnationalpoliticalspiritinEurope.Undertheblowsofpeasantwarsandkinglyconquest,theisolatedexisteneeofearlyfeudalismgavewaytocentralizedmonarchies.Asecond

greatcurrentofchangewastobefoundintheslowdecayofthereligiousspiritundertheimpactoftheskeptical,inquiring,humanistviewsoftheItalianRenaissanee.Stillanotherdeepcurrentliesintheslowsocialchangesthateventuallyrenderedthemarketsystempossible.Inthecourseofthischange,powernaturallybegantogravitateintothehandsofthosewhounderstoodmoneymatters--themerchants---andawayfromthedisdainfulnobility,whodidnot.在这个变化之中，权禾U便自然而然地从那些鄙视财迷的高尚者的手中转入那些懂得经营钱财的商人的手中。

课后部分答案

C

TFFTT

1,theanalogyisdrawnbetweenthemovementofachariotandthedevelopmentofsociety.Socialdevelopmenthadbeensteadybutslow,followingthetraditionalways.Butnowsomethinggrowingfrominsidesocietyitselfprovidedastrongdrivingforce,drasticallypushingsocietyforward.

2,no,thisisthequestiontheexcerptisintendedtoanswer.

3,thesimile"likeabutterflyinsideachrysalis",justasabutterflygrowsoutofachrysalis,sodoesthenewwayoflifeoutoftheold.

第二单元课文解读

AmericanDilemma翻译

Aboutsevenyearsago,IacceptedaninvitationtoparticipateinaseminarontheethicalandmoralproblemsofAmericansocietythatwassponsoredbytheAspenInstituteinColorado.Amongtheotherinvitedguestswerebusinessexecutives,collegepresidents,judges,governmentofficials,managingeditors,professorsandtheologians.

大概七年前，我应邀参加一个由科罗拉多阿斯彭研究所（AspenInstitute）赞助的研讨会，探讨有

关美国社会道德伦理问题。

出席会议的还有企业家、大学校长、法官、政客、执行编辑、教授和神学家。

Althoughtherewasnoconflictorcontroversyinthediscussions,oneofthelargestpresentationshashadaprofound,almostobsessive,impactuponmythoughtsaboutthecharacterandqualityofAmericanlife[1]

虽然本次讨论中无意见冲突和争议，但较为重要的几个发言中有一个让我印象深刻，它甚至强烈地影响了我对美国生活特性和质量的看法。

Inaratherquietvoice,arecentlyretiredvice-presidentofoneofthelargestcorporationsinAmericatoldthegroupthatoneofthepersistentproblemsfacedbyhisofficewashowtokeeptheaccountingrecordsofthecorporationinsuchawaythattheywouldbeaccurateandwouldalsoobscurethefactthatregularoperatingexpenseswerepayoffstomunicipalofficialtoexpeditetheinstallationofnewconstructioninthelargecitiesthroughouttheUnitedStates.[2]Casually,thisparticipantcitedthisasanotherexampleofaprevailingfunctionalimmoralitywithwhichbigbusinesshadtocometoterms.

一个刚从美国的一个大公司退休的副总经理平静地说，他们公司正面临着一个棘手的问题：

如何记录公司的运营历程才能保证记录准确并且能够掩盖一个事实一一正常的运营耗费其实是市政官员用在美国大城市的构建中的资费。

这位参与者随意举出的这个问题其实是盛行于大公司的不道德行为的又一例证。

Whennoneoftheotherparticipantsraisedaquestionabouttheethicalimplicationofthispractice,IeventuallyaskedwhythispowerfulcorporationdidnotbringthismattertolocalandFederallaw-enforcementofficials.Mycolleaguesclearlyconsideredmyquestionna?

ve.TheyreactedtomypersistentquestionsasifIwereanunrealisticchildwhodidnotunderstandtheeconomicandpoliticalrulesofthegreatAmericangame.

当其他参会者都没有质疑这种行为的伦理内涵时，我最后问了一个问题：

为什么这个强大的公司没有将这样的问题上报给当地或者联邦的法律执行官？

很显然，同事认为我很天真。

我坚持打破砂锅问到底，而在他们看来，我好像是充满幻想的孩子，对美国游戏在经济、政治上的影响毫不知情。

NowIwasshockednotonlybythedis