高考英语培优增分一轮人教经典版培优讲义必修1+4Unit+4 Earthquakesdocx.docx
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高考英语培优增分一轮人教经典版培优讲义必修1+4Unit+4Earthquakesdocx
话题素材——自然灾害
[话题词汇]
1.sufferingn.痛苦;苦难
2.harmfuladj.有害的
3.rescuen.&vt.救援
4.frightenedadj.害怕的
5.hopelessadj.没希望的
6.beshockedat对……感到震惊
7.attachgreatimportanceto...十分重视……;认为……非常重要
8.burstout突然爆发
9.inharmonywithnature与自然和谐共处
10.take_measures/steps_to_do_sth.采取措施做某事
11.dodamageto对……有害;损害
12.get_rid_of消除;摆脱掉;除掉
13.take_on_a_new_look呈现新面貌
14.leadto/contributeto导致
[经典佳句]
1.Unitedwestand;dividedwefall.
团结则存;分裂则亡。
2.It_is_really_amazing_thattheonceruinedplacehasnowbeenturnedintoabeautifultown,full_of_life.
令人惊奇的是,这个曾经被毁灭的地方已经变成了一个漂亮的城镇,生机勃勃。
3.In_order_to_helptheearthquakevictimstogo_throughthehardtimesandrebuildtheirhometown,theschoolhascalledoneveryoneinourschooltodonatemoneytotheearthquakestrikenarea.
为了帮助受灾群众渡过难关,重建家园,学校号召所有人向地震灾区捐款。
精美语篇
Howtosurviveinanearthquake
OnAugust8,2017anearthquakewiththemagnitudeof7.0hitJiuzhaigouCounty,SichuanProvince.Theearthquakehascausedsignificantdamage.Sohowtotakesafetymeasuresduringanearthquakehasbecomeanimportantissue.Herearesomeguidelinesonstayingsafeinearthquakes.
Firstly,don'tbenervousandkeepcalm.Trytogetintoanopenareaawayfromtrees,buildings,walls,signs,powerlinesandanythingelsethatmightfallonyouifyouareoutdoors.
Secondly,ifyouareindoors,staythere.Quicklymovetoasafelocationintheroomsuchasunderastrongdesk,astrongtable,oralonganinteriorwall.Coveryourheadandneckwithyourarms.Thegoalistoprotectyourselffromfallingobjectsandbelocatednearthestructuralstrongpointsoftheroom.Avoidtakingcovernearwindows,largemirrorsandhangingobjects.
Thirdly,nevergotothestairsandnevertakethelifttogodownstairs.Thestairsarealikelypartofthebuildingtobedamaged.Evenifthestairsarenotcollapsedbytheearthquake,theymaycollapselaterwhenoverloadedbyfleeingpeople.
Thoughwecan'tstopearthquakes,wecanreducethedamagethatearthquakesbringusifwetakerightmeasures.
◆ 高频单词
1.burst(vi.)爆裂;爆发(n.)突然破裂;爆发→burst(过去式/过去分词)
2.event(n.)事件;大事
3.nation(n.)国家;民族;国民→national(adj.)国家的;民族的;全国的→nationality(n.)国籍
4.dirt(n.)污垢;泥土→dirty(adj.)肮脏的
5.ruin(n.)废墟;毁灭(vt.)毁灭;使破产→ruined(adj.)(建筑物)毁坏了的;严重受损的
6.suffering(n.)苦难;痛苦→suffer(v.)遭受(苦难等)
7.extreme(adj.)极度的→extremely(adv.)极度地
8.injure(vt.)损害;伤害→injury(n.)伤害;损害→injured(adj.)受伤的
9.survivor(n.)幸存者;生还者;残存物→survive(vt.&vi.)幸存;存活下来→survival(n.)生存;存活;幸存
10.destroy(vt.)破坏;毁坏;消灭→destruction(n.)破坏;摧毁
11.track(n.)轨道;足迹;痕迹(vt.)跟踪;追踪
12.useless(adj.)无用的;无效的;无益的→useful(反义词)(adj.)有用的;有益的
13.shock(vt.&vi.)(使)震惊;震动(n.)休克;打击;震惊→shocking(adj.)令人震惊的→shocked(adj.)震惊的
14.rescue(n.&vt.)援救;营救
15.trap(vt.)使陷入困境(n.)陷阱;困境→trapped(过去式/过去分词)
16.electricity(n.)电;电流;电学→electric(adj.)用电的;带电的→electrical(adj.)与电有关的;电学的
17.disaster(n.)灾难;灾祸
18.bury(vt.)埋葬;掩埋;隐藏
19.shelter(n.)掩蔽;掩蔽处;避身处→sheltered(adj.)有遮避物的;受到保护的
20.damage(n.&vt.)损失;损害
21.frighten(vt.)使惊吓;吓唬→frightened(adj.)受惊的;受恐吓的→frightening(adj.)令人恐惧的
22.congratulation(n.)祝贺;(复数)贺词→congratulate(vt.)祝贺
23.judge(n.)裁判员;法官(vt.&vi.)断定;判断;判决→_judgement(n.)判断力;识别力
24.express(vt.)表示;表达(n.)快车;速递→expression(n.)表达;表情
◆ 重点短语
1.right_away立刻;马上
2.think_little_of 轻视;认为……没价值
3.as_if仿佛;好像
4.at_an_end结束;终结
5.in_ruins严重受损;破败不堪
6.dig_out掘出;发现
7.a(great)numberof许多;大量的
8.intheopenair在户外
9.raisemoney集资;筹款;募捐
◆ 热点句型
1.too...to...“太……而不能……”
Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoo_nervous_to_eat(紧张得不吃食).(教材P26)
2.lookingfor...是现在分词短语作伴随状语
Miceranoutofthefieldslooking_for_places_to_hide(找地方藏身).(教材P26)
3.Itseems/seemedasif...“看起来好像……”
It_seemed_as_if(看起来好像)theworldwasatanend!
(教材P26)
4.leave+宾语+宾语补足语
Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwere_left_without_parents(成了孤儿).(教材P26)
5.everywhere用作连词,引导让步状语从句
Everywhere_they_looked(人们无论朝哪看)nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.(教材P26)
6.all...not表示部分否定
All_hope_was_not(并不是所有的希望)lost.(教材P26)
◆ 同步训练
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.ItwasfeltinBeijing,________ismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.
答案:
which
2.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecity________(lie)inruins.
答案:
lay
3.________numberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.
答案:
The
4.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewho (trap)andtoburythedead.
答案:
weretrapped
5.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors________homeshadbeendestroyed.
答案:
whose
6.________(slow),thecitybegantobreatheagain.
答案:
Slowly
7.This________(frighten)boywhosemotherwaslostinthedisasterislookingforhernow.
答案:
frightened
8.________(congratulate)!
Wearepleased________(tell)youthatyouhavewonthehighschoolspeakingcompetition.
答案:
Congratulations;totell
9.Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffive________(judge),allof________agreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.
答案:
judges;whom
10.________youknow,thisisthedaythequakehappenedthirtyfiveyearsago.
答案:
As
1burst vi.(burst,burst)爆裂;爆发
n.突然破裂;爆发
教材原句
Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.(P26)
在市内,有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。
burstout突然迸发;爆发
burstoutdoingsth.=burstinto+n.突然……起来
burstintotears/laughter=burstoutcrying/laughing突然大哭/大笑起来
burstoutcheering=burstintocheers突然欢呼起来
burstin/into闯进;突然破门而入
burstwithanger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支
aburstof一阵……
①Hearingthis,thewholeclassburst_out_laughingandmydeskmate'sfaceturnedred.
听到这,全班同学大笑起来,我同桌的脸变红了。
②Heburst_intotheroomwithoutknockingatthedoor,whichmademeveryangry.
他没敲门就闯进房间,这使我非常生气。
③AtthenewsthatmydadwouldbebackfromLondonthisweek,Ifeltasifmyheartwouldburst_with_joy.
听到这个星期爸爸要从伦敦回来的消息,我觉得心花怒放。
2ruin n.[U]毁灭;毁坏;崩溃;[常用复数]废墟;遗迹
vt.(使)毁坏;毁灭;成为废墟;使破产
教材原句
Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.(P26)
在可怕的15秒内,一座大城市就成为了一片废墟。
(1)lie/beinruins(建筑物)倒塌;破败不堪
gotoruin/fallintoruin(因无人照料而)衰落、败落
bring...toruin使……毁灭;使……没落;使……破产
(2)ruinoneself毁掉自己;自取灭亡
ruinone'shealth/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
①Whentheyreturnedthenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodin_ruins.
当他们第二天回来时,他们发现他们的街区已成为一片废墟。
②Alargenumberofchurchesfell_into_ruinaftertherevolution.
革命过后,许多教堂都毁了。
③Avillageoncesoattractivewasbrought_to_ruin.
一个曾经那么美好的村庄被毁掉了。
④Wastingtimedoingnothingistoruin_oneself.
什么事也不做会使自己毁灭。
⑤Thebadweatherhasruined_all_my_pleasurefortheholiday.
糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。
3injure vt.损害;伤害
教材原句
Twothirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.(P26)
他们中有三分之二在地震中伤亡。
(1)injuredadj.受伤的
theinjured受伤的人(表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数)
(2)injuryn.伤;伤口;伤害
dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.伤害某人
①Becausemyleftfootwas_injuredinthefootballgame,Icannotgotherewithyouasplanned.
由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了,我不能按计划和你一起去那儿。
②Aterribleaccidenthappenedatthecrossingandanambulancerushedthe_injuredtothehospital.
在十字路口发生了可怕的交通事故,救护车把伤者火速送到了医院。
③Don'tliftthattoolbox—you'lldo_yourself_an_injury!
别搬那只工具箱,你会伤着你自己的!
④用injure,wound,hurt,harm的正确形式填空
a.Heclaimedthatworkingtoohardwasharminghishealth.
b.Hediedofasinglegunshotwoundtotheleftsideofhishead.
c.Whathesaidhurtmedeeply.
d.Oneoftheplayersinjuredhiskneeandhadtobesenttothehospital.
4shock vt.&vi.(使)震惊;震动
n.休克;打击;震惊
教材原句
Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.(P26)
井里充满了沙子而不是水。
人们都震惊了。
(1)beinastateofshock大为震惊;休克
abig/greatshock极大的震惊
beashocktosb.对某人来说是个打击
comeasashock让某人大吃一惊
(2)shockedadj.感到惊讶的
beshockedat/bysth.对……感到震惊
(3)shockingadj.令人震惊的
shock意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词,其前通常与不定冠词a连用。
即:
抽象名词具体化。
①Iwas_shocked_at_the_newsthathehadresigned.
听到他辞职的消息,我深感震惊。
②Now,electric_shocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.
现在,电击训练和药物治疗正帮助挽救这些大鸟。
③Itcameas_a_shockthatIwaspromoted.
我升职的消息着实让人吃惊。
④Heisn'tseriouslyinjuredbutheisin_a_state_of_shock.
他伤得不重,但惊魂未定/处于休克状态。
⑤Aftertheshockingnewsspreadthroughoutthewholecity,everyonefeltshocked.
在那个令人震惊的消息传遍全城之后,人人都深感震惊。
5bury vt.埋葬;掩埋;使专心;使沉浸;隐藏
教材原句
Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.(P26)
救援部队组成小分队,将受困的人们挖出来,并将死者掩埋。
(1)beburiedin埋头于;专心于
beburiedinthought沉思
(2)buryoneselfinone'swork/studies.埋头工作/专心学习
buryone'sface/headinone'shands双手掩面/抱头
表“专心于某事”的短语常见的还有:
bedevotedto,beabsorbedin,beaddictedto,belostin,focuson,concentrateon等。
①Eversincehemovedthere,hehas_buried_himself_inhisresearchwork.
→Eversincehemovedthere,hehas_been_buried_inhisresearchwork.
自从搬到那里以后,他一直专注于研究工作。
②Shesatthere,buried_in_thought.
她坐在那儿,陷入了沉思。
③Sheburied_her_face_in_her_handsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.
当她听到那个坏消息时,她掩面而泣。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Greatly________(shock)atthesadnews,hestoodthere,paralysedwithfear.
答案:
shocked beshockedatsth.“对某事感到震惊”。
故此处填形容词shocked作状语。
2.Toourrelief,uptonowthe________(injure)intheearthquakeofJiuzhaigouCountyinSichuanProvincehavebeencarriedtothenearbyhospital.
答案:
injured theinjured“伤员”。
“the+adj.”表示一类人。
3.Ihaven'treadallofhisbooksbefore,but______(judge)fromtheoneIhaveread,Ithinkhe'saverypromisingwriter.
答案:
judging judgingfrom...“由……来判断”。
4.OnseeingJayChouappearontheVoiceofChina,theaudienceburstout________(cheer).
答案:
cheering 此处为“burstout+doing”结构,意为“突然……起来”。
5.Withhisface________(bury)inthepillow,hecriedloudly.
答案:
buried 此处为with的复合结构。
hisface与bury之间为被动关系,故用过去分词。
6.Thewholecitylayin________(ruin)aftertheearthquake,whichmadeusawakeallnight.
答