情态动词表推测用法总结整理稿.docx

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情态动词表推测用法总结整理稿.docx

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情态动词表推测用法总结整理稿.docx

情态动词表推测用法总结整理稿

补充强调:

推测的句型特点(对某一次的推测句型有两部分:

语气和时态)

(1)语气部分:

(以下情态动词语气由强至弱)

肯定句:

must、maymight(=could)

否定句:

can,t(=couldn't)、maynt>mightn't

疑问句:

can>could(语气更加委婉不确定

(2)时态部分:

havedone表示对过去的推测

bedoing表示对正在进行的推测

be表示对现在的推测

语气部分写在前时态部分写在后,组合在一起就是推测

(-)情态动词表推测的三种句_

能用于表推测的情态动词:

must,can,could,will,would,may,might,should,oughtto

1.在肯定句中一般用must

(一定),may(可能),might/could(也许,或许)。

(1)Hemust/may/mightknowtheanswertothisquestion?

他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。

(2)Itiscoldintheroom・Theymusthaveturnedofftheheating・

屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。

2.否定句中用can't/couldn't(不可能),maynot/mightnot(可能不)。

(1)ItcanJt/couldn'tbetheheadmaster・HehasgonetoAmerica.这不可能是校长,他去美国了。

(2)Hemaynot/mightnotknowthescientist.

他也许不认识那位科学家。

3.疑问句中用can/could(能..?

)。

(1)Couldhehavefinishedthetask?

他可能把任务完成了吗?

(2)Canhebeathomenow?

他现在能在家吗?

注:

以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。

Might,could并非的过may,can去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。

(二)情态动词表推测的三种时丄

1.对将来情况的推测,用丨“情态动词+动词原形”。

(1)Shemust/may/might/couldarrivebefore5.

5:

00前她一定/可能/也许到。

(2)Shemust/may/might/couldwalkmilesandmilesamongthehillswithoutmeetinganyone・她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。

态动词+动词原形”

(1)Hemust/may/might/couldbelisteningtotheradionow.

他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。

(2)Hecan't(couldn't)/may(might)notbeathomeatthistime.

这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。

(3)Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.Howcan(could)hebelatefortheopeningceremony布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢?

3•对过去情况的推测,用丨“情态动词+have+过去分词”丨。

(1)Itmust/may/might/couldhaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.

地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。

(2)Thedoorwaslocked.Hecan(could)not/may(might)nothavebeenathome.

门锁着,他不可能/可能不在家。

(3)Can/Couldhehavegottenthebook?

难道他找到书了吗?

注:

情态动词should/oughtto表推测时,意为"想必会,理应”但与"have+过去分词”连

用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。

例如:

(4)It'sseveno'clock.Jackshould/oughttobehereatanymoment.

现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。

(推测)

(5)Sheshould/oughttohaveattendedyourbirthdayparty,butshehadtolookafterher

motherinhospital.(虚拟)

她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。

(6)Tomshouldnot/oughtnottohavetoldmeyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.(虚拟)

汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。

(三)几组表推测的情态动词用法

情态动词+完成时”是历年高考的热点,在做此类练习时,既需要掌握这一结构的基本用法,又应该仔细体会题干所提供的语言信息,准确理解语言环境和说话人的含义,尤其要注意题干中时态给予的暗示。

1.musthavedone表示对已经发生的事情的推测,意为一定,想必”,句子中表示的是一-种肯定的推测。

这种结构一般只用于肯定句,其否定形式是can,t(couldn')thavedone,表示不可能,肯定不会”。

如:

Hedidn'thearthephone・Hemusthavebeenasleep・

他没有听到电话响,他肯定是已经睡着了。

HemusthavebeentoShanghai・

他一定去过上海。

Theycan'thavegoneout,becausethelightison.

他们不可能出去,因为灯亮着。

2.can(could)havedone表示对过去的时间内可能发生的事情的猜测,canhavedone—般只用于否定

句和疑问句。

couldhavedone还可以用于肯定句,常用来表示本来可能完成而实际未完成的动作。

例如:

Hecan'thavefinishedtheworksosoon.

这项工作他不可能完成得这样快。

Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation,itwassonear.我们本来是可以走到车站去的,路很近。

3.may(might)havedone

(1)表示对已经发生的事情的不太肯定的推测,意为“可能已经,或许已经”。

(2)虚拟用法表示本可以做,但却没做(表示很委屈地责备)

Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.如果我们选择另一条路,我们可能会到得早一些。

Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,hewasverybusy.他本来是可以给你更多帮助的,尽管他很忙。

4.needn'thavedon指实际上做了本来不必要做的事,意为本来不必”例如:

Therewasplentyoftime.Sheneedn'thavehurried.时间很充裕,她本不必匆忙。

Youneedn'thavetoldhimthenews.他本来不必把这个消息告诉他。

5.should(oughtto)havedone指本该做而实际未做的事,意为“本来应该”。

其否定式(oughtnshouldn*t')thavedone则表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。

例如:

Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn't.

你本应该早一点出发,但是你没有。

Yououghttohavehelpedhim(butyoudidn)'.t你本应该帮助他。

Weshouldn'thavewaitedforherbecauseshenevercame.我们本不应该等她,因为她根本不会来。

6.Wouldhavedone本想做(却没做)wouldn'thavedone本不想做(却做了)

Iwouldhavehelpedyou,butIwastoobusy.我本想帮你,但我太忙了

1.

IstayedatahotelinNewYork.

D.musthavestayed

——Oh,didyou?

YouwithBarbara.

A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldsay

2Whydidn'tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?

Ialltahyehwerethroughtheheavysnow.

 

4A:

IsJohncomingbytrain?

B:

Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.

A.mustB.canC.needD.may

5.Mr.Whiteat8:

30forthemeeting,buthedidn'tshowup.

A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarrive

C.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving

6.Sorry,I'mlate・_I_h_a_veturnedoffthealarmandgonetosleepagain.

A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will

7.Youbetired—You'veonlybeenworkingforanhour・

A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD・maynot

8.——Ididn'tgotorkwyoesterdayafternoonbecausemycarbrokedown.

 

A.mightborrow

B.couldhaveborrowed

 

C.canhaveborrowed

9.——Amanansweredthephone.

D.oughttoborrow

Isupposeitwasherhusband.

A.mustnrtbe

B.couldn!

thavebeen

C.maynothavebeen——Itherhusband.

D.mustn'thavebeen

Hehasbeendeadforages.

1)

1.

选择填空

Ididn,tsee

A.mustn't

C.needn't

2.Oneought

herin

havespoken

havespoken

forwhatonehasJntdone.

themeetingroomthismorning・Sheatthemeeting.

B.shouldn,thavespoken

D.couldn,thavespoken

A.nottobepunishedB.tonotbepunished

C.tonotpunishedD・notbepunished

3.Ifyoureallywantyourselftobeingoodhealth,youmustalways

A.not;besmokingB.not;havesmoked

C.not;tosmokeD・benot:

smoking

4.Withsomuchworkonhand,youtoseethegamelastnight・

mustn'tgoB.shouldn'tgoC.couldn,thavegoneD.shouldn,thavegone5.Most

A.

ofthestudentsfeltratherdisappointedattheEnglishparty・Theysaythatitorganized・

A.hadbeen

B.hadtobeC.must

havebeenD.couldhavebeen

better

6.I'msurprisedthathe_intheexam・

A.shouldfailB.wouldhavefailedC.

mayhavefailedD.shouldhavefailed

7.Thelittlegirltherealone.

A.notdaregoB.daresnotgoC.dare

8."Mustwedoitnow?

”N“

A.won'tB.needn't

9.Hesaidhewouldrathernot

A.doingB.todoC.do

10.Youtothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhave

somethingimportanttodo.

A.needn'ttocomeB.don'tneedcomeC.don'tneedcomingD.needn'tcome

11.Putonmoreclothes・You_befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.

A.canB.couldC.wouldD.must

notgo

D.darenottogo

o,

you

C.can,titrightnow.

D.don't

D.tobedoing

A.mayB.mightC・could

D.must

14.Therewasplentyoftimes・She_・

A.mustn,thavehurried

B.

couldn,thavehurried

C.mustnothurry

D.

needn'thavehurried

15.Theplantisdead・I_itmorewater・

A.willgiveB.wouldhavegivenC.

mustgive

D.shouldhavegiven

12.Iplayfootballthanbasebal1.

A.wouldratherB.hadbetterC.likebetterD.prefer

13.Ithoughtyou_likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.

 

16.You

returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.

A.can'tB.mustn't

17.Ifsstillearly,you.

A.mustn'thurryB.wouldn'thurry

18.Pleaseopenthewindow,?

A.can'tyouB.aren11you19We

C.needn't

D.maynot

C.maynothurry

D.don'thavetohurry

C.doyou

D.willyou

forherbecauseshenevercame.

A.mustn'thavewaited

B.shouldn'thavewaited

 

C.mustn'twaitD.needn'twait

20.—MayIstophere?

—No,you.

A.mustn'tB.mightnotC.needn'tD.won4

21.Ifsafineday.Let1sgofishing,・

A.won'tweB.willweC.don4weD.shallwe

22.Ididn*tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.

A.mustn'thavespokenB.shouldn'thavespoken

C.needn'thavespokenD.couldn'thavespoken

23.—Pleasedon4makeanoise.

—.I'llbeasquietasamouse.

A.Yes,Iwon'tB.No,Iwon'tC.No,IwillD.Yes,Iwill

24.Theyoungmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathenothavebeenallowedtoattendthe

concert.

A.couldB.mustC.wouldD.should

25.—WhereisJohn?

—Heinthelibrary.

A.shouldbeB.mustbeC.canbeD.musthavebeen

26.Sincetheroadiswetthismorning,lastnight.

A.itmustrainB.itmustberaining

C.itmusthaverainedD.itmusthavebeenrain

27.—Willyourbrotherstayhometonight?

—I'mnotquitesure.Hetothecinematonight.

D.can'thavedone

tomorrow.

A.mustB.mayC・shallD.bothBandC

38.“Yourphonenumberagain?

I_quitecatchi”t.“It's9568442.

A.didn'tB.couldn,tC.dontD.can"t

39.Motherusstorieswhenwewerechildren.

A.wasusedtotellB.isusedtotellingC.usedtotellD.usedtotelling

40.Shewouldrathermoremoneyonbooksonclothes.

A.cost…notB.tospare…don'tC.pay•••thanD.spend•••than

1.Youreturnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.

4.Ididn,thearthephone・I_asleep・

A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen

5.Ifmylawyer_herelastSaturday,he_mefromgoing.

A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldprevent

C.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented

6.Heyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy・

A.mighthavegivenB.mighthaveC・mayhavegivenD・maygive

7.Ifit_forthesnow,wethemountainyesterday.

A.werenot;couldhaveclimbedB.werenot;couldclimb

C.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen;couldclimb

8.Withoutelectricityhumanlifequitedifficulttoday.

A.isB.willbeC・wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe

9.Acomputerthinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.

A.cantB.couldn'tC.maynotD.mightnot

10.Jennyhavekeptherword・Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind・

A.mustB.shouldC.needD.would

11.Welastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.

A.musthavestudiedB・mightstudyC・shouldhavestudiedD・wouldstudy12—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?

—Yes,ofcourseyou・

A.mightB.willC.canD.should

13.Tomoughtnottomeyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm・

A.havetoldB・tellC・betellingD・havingtold

14.一Ifhe,hethatfood・

—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.

A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothave

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