情态动词表推测用法总结整理稿.docx

1、情态动词表推测用法总结整理稿补充强调：推测的句型特点(对某一次的推测句型有两部分：语气和时态)(1) 语气部分：(以下情态动词语气由强至弱)肯定句：must、may might ( =could)否定句：can，t ( =couldn t )、mayn t mightn t疑问句：can could (语气更加委婉不确定(2)时态部分：have done 表示对过去的推测be doing 表示对正在进行的推测be表示对现在的推测语气部分写在前时态部分写在后，组合在一起就是推测(-)情态动词表推测的三种句_能用于表推测的情态动词:must, can, could, will, would, ma

2、y, might, should, ought to1.在肯定句中一般用must(一定)，may (可能)，might / could (也许，或许)。(1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。(2)It is cold in the room They must have turned off the heating屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。2.否定句中用 cant / couldn t (不可能)，may not/might not (可能不)。(1)It can J t/coul

3、dn t be the headmaster He has gone to America.这不可能是校长，他去美国了。(2)He may not/might not know the scientist.他也许不认识那位科学家。3.疑问句中用can /could (能.?)。(1) Could he have finished the task?他可能把任务完成了吗？(2) Can he be at home now?他现在能在家吗？注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非 的过may, can 去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。(二)情态动词表

4、推测的三种时丄1.对将来情况的推测，用丨“情态动词+动词原形”。(1) She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。(2) She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone 她一定/ 可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。态动词+动词原形”(1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能/也许正在

5、听收音机。(2)He cant ( couldn t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。(3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything . How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony 布 什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？3对过去情况的推测，用丨“情态动词+ have +过去分词”丨。(1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The g

6、round is wet.地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。(2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。(3)Can / Could he have gotten the book ?难道他找到书了吗？注：情态动词should / ought to 表推测时，意为想必会，理应”但与have +过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如：(4)It s seven o clock. Jack should/ought

7、 to be here at any moment.现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。(推测)(5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after hermot her in hosp it al. (虚拟)她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。(6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虚拟)汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。(三)几组表推

8、测的情态动词用法情态动词+完成时”是历年高考的热点，在做此类练习时，既需要掌握这一结构的基本用法，又应该仔细体会题干所 提供的语言信息，准确理解语言环境和说话人的含义，尤其要注意题干中时态给予的暗示。1.must have done表示对已经发生的事情的推测，意为 一定，想必”，句子中表示的是一-种肯定的推测。这种结构一般只用于肯定句，其否定形式是 can，t (couldn )thave done,表示不可能，肯定不会”。例如：He didn t hear the phone He must have been asleep他没有听到电话响，他肯定是已经睡着了。He must have be

9、e n to Shan ghai他一定去过上海。They can t have gone out , because the light is on .他们不可能出去，因为灯亮着。2.can (could) have done表示对过去的时间内可能发生的事情的猜测， can have done 般只用于否定句和疑问句。could have done还可以用于肯定句，常用来表示本来可能完成而实际未完成的动作。例如：He can t have finished the work so soon.这项工作他不可能完成得这样快。We could have walked to the station ,

10、 it was so near .我们本来是可以走到车站去的，路很近。3.may ( might ) have done(1)表示对已经发生的事情的不太肯定的推测，意为 “可能已经，或许已经”。(2)虚拟用法表示本可以做，但却没做(表示很委屈地责备)If we had taken the other road , we might have arrived earlier.如果我们选择另一条路,我们可能会到得早一 些。He might have given you more help, he was very busy.他本来是可以给你更多帮助的，尽管他很忙。4.needn t have do

11、n指实际上做了本来不必要做的事，意为 本来不必”例如：There was plenty of time . She needn t have hurried.时间很充裕，她本不必匆忙。You needn t have told him the news.他本来不必把这个消息告诉他。5.should (ought to ) have done指本该做而实际未做的事，意为“本来应该”。其否定式(oughtn shouldn *t )thave done则表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。例如：You should have started earlier , but you didn t.你本应该早

12、一点出发，但是你没有。You ought to have helped him (but you didn ) . t 你本应该帮助他。We shouldn t have waited for her because she never came.我们本不应该等她，因为她根本不会来。6.Would have done本想做(却没做)wouldn t have done本不想做(却做了)I would have helped you, but I was too busy.我本想帮你，但我太忙了1.I stayed at a hotel in New York.D. must have stay

13、edOh, did you ? You with Barbara.A.could have stayed B. could stay C. would say2 Why didn t you tell me there was no meeting today ? I all tahye hwere through the heavy snow.4 A : Is John coming by train ?B: He should, but he not. He likes driving his car.A.must B. can C. need D. may5.Mr. White at 8

14、:30 for the meeting, but he didn t show up.A. should have arrived B. should arriveC.should have had arrived D. should be arriving6.Sorry, I m late_I_h_a_ve turned off the alarm and gone to sleep again.A. might B. should C. can D. will7.You be tired Youve only been working for an hourA. must not B. w

15、on t C. can t D may not8. I didn t go torkwyoesterday afternoon because my car broke down.A. might borrowB. could have borrowedC. can have borrowed9. A man answered the phone.D. ought to borrowI suppose it was her husband.A. mustn rt beB. couldn !t have beenC. may not have been It her husband.D. mus

16、tn t have beenHe has been dead for ages.1)1.选择填空I didn，t seeA. mustntC. neednt2.One oughther inhave spokenhave spokenfor what one hasJ nt done.the meeting room this morning She at the meeting.B. shouldn，t have spokenD. couldn，t have spokenA. not to be punished B. to not be punishedC. to not punished

17、 D not be punished3.If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must always A. not; be smoking B. not; have smokedC. not; to smoke D be not: smoking4.With so much work on hand, you to see the game last nightmustnt go B. shouldnt go C. couldn，t have gone D. shouldn，t have gone 5. MostA.of t

18、he students felt rather disappointed at the English party They say that it organizedA. had beenB. had to be C. musthave been D. could have beenbetter6. Im surprised that he _ in the examA. should fail B. would have failed C.may have failed D. should have failed7.The little girl there alone.A. not da

19、re go B. dares not go C. dare8.Must we do it now?” N “A. won t B. neednt9.He said he would rather notA. doing B. to do C. do10.You to the meeting this afternoon if you havesomething important to do.A. neednt to come B. dont need come C. dont need coming D. neednt come11.Put on more clothes You _ be

20、feeling cold with only a shirt on.A. can B. could C. would D. mustnot goD. dare not to goo,youC. can，t it right now.D. dontD. to be doingA. may B. might C couldD. must14. There was plenty of times She _A. mustn，t have hurriedB.couldn，t have hurriedC. must not hurryD.neednt have hurried15. The plant

21、is dead I _it more waterA. will give B. would have given C.must giveD. should have given12.I play football than basebal1.A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer13.I thought you _ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.16. Youreturn the book now. You can keep it till

22、next week if you like.A. cant B. mustnt17.Ifs still early, you .A. must nt hurry B. would n t hurry18.Please open the window, ?A. cant you B. aren11 you 19 WeC. needntD. may notC. may not hurryD. dont have to hurryC. do youD. will youfor her because she never came.A. must nt have waitedB. should nt

23、have waitedC. mustn t wait D. needn t wait20. May I stop here? No, you .A.mustnt B. might not C. need nt D. won 421.Ifs a fine day. Let1 s go fishi ng, A. won twe B. will we C. don 4 we D. shall we22.I didn*t see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoke n B. shou

24、ld nt have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken23. Please don 4 make a noise. . I llbe as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I wont B. No, I wont C. No, I will D. Yes, I will24.The young man has made so much noise that he not have been allowed to attend theconcert.A. could B. must C. would D. sh

25、ould25. Where is John? He in the library.A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been26.Since the road is wet this morning, last night.A. it must rain B. it must be rainingC. it must have rained D. it must have been rain27. Will your brother stay home tonight? I m not quite sure. He to the ci

26、nema tonight.D.cant have donetomorrow.A. must B. may C shall D. both B and C38.“Your phone number again? I _quite catch i” t. “It s 9568442.A. didn t B. couldn，t C. don t D. can t39.Mother us stories when we were children.A. was used to tellB. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling40.

27、She would rather more money on books on clothes.A. cost not B. to spare dont C. pay tha n D. spe nd tha n1. You return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.4.I didn，thear the phone I _ asleepA. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been5.If my lawyer _ here last S

28、aturday, he _ me from going.A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would preventC.were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented6.He you more help, even though he was very busyA. might have given B. might have C may have given D may give7.If it _ for the snow, we the mountain yesterday.A.

29、 were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climbC.had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb8.Without electricity human life quite difficult today.A. is B. will be C would have been D. would be9.A computer think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. can t B. couldnt C. m

30、ay not D. might not10.Jenny have kept her word I wonder why she changed her mindA. must B. should C. need D. would11.We last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B might study C should have studied D would study 12 Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes, of course you A. might B. will C. can D. should13.Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harmA. have told B tell C be telling D having told14.一 If he , he that foodLuckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have