New Energy Course ReportEnglish.docx

New Energy Course ReportEnglish.docx

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NewEnergyCourseReportEnglish

南京理工大学

《新能源技术》课程报告

姓名

学号：

学院（系）:

自动化学院

专业:

电力系统及其自动化

题目:

洋流能的发展状况与最新研究状况

组别

任课教师

硕士导师

2017年12月25号

Thedevelopmentofmarinecurrentenergyandthelatestresearchstatus

E-mail:

@

ABSTRACT：

Firstofall,thisarticleintroducesthebasicconceptsofmarinecurrentsandthebasicprinciplesofusingmarinecurrentstogenerateelectricity.Then,thearticleintroducesanoveldevicethatusesmarinecurrentstogenerateelectricity:

Ocean’skite.TheworkingprincipleofOcean’skiteisexpoundedindetail,andtwokindsofOcean’skiteswithdifferentstructuresarecontrasted.Thestatusquooftheirresearchanddevelopmentoftheactualapplicationareintroduced.ThearticlehighlightsthelateststructureoftheGEM-Ocean'sKite,developedbyItalianscientists,andthelatestimprovements.TheefficiencyofGEM-Ocean'sKitepowergenerationbeforeandaftertheimprovementisanalyzedandcompared,andtheefficiencyisgreatlyimproved.Finally,theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofOcean’skitesinpowergenerationaresummarized,andtheirapplicationprospectsareprospected.

KEYWORDS：

MarineCurrentEnergy;Ocean’skite;Workingprinciple;Innovation

1.INTRODUCTION

Themarinecurrentisthecurrentoftheoceananditisaninexhaustiblesourceofenergyfortheocean.Theworldonwhichmankindlivesisabout510millionsquarekilometers,ofwhichtheboundlessseaaccountsfor71%.Itisestimatedthatthetotalrenewabletidalenergy,marinecurrentenergy,marinetemperaturedifferenceenergyandwaveenergycontainedintheoceanis76.6billionkilowatts.

Fig.1BasicdistributionofmarinecurrentsinthePacificOcean

Amongthem,themarinecurrentenergyduetoitsavailableenergy,relativelystablecharacteristics,attractedthewidelyattention.AsisshowninFigure1,thePacificmarinecurrentdistributiondiagram.Marinecurrentistheseawaterintheoceanduetothermalradiation,evaporation,precipitation,shrinkageandtheformationofdifferentdensityofwatermasses,andcoupledwiththewindstress,turntotheforce,tidalforceandtheroleofrelativelystableflow.Therefore,themarinecurrentcanessentiallybethekineticenergyproducedbyseawaterflowandisarenewableandcleanenergysource.

2.UTILIZATIONSTATUSANDDEVELOPMENTTREND

2.1TheDistributionOfMarineCurrentEnergyResourcesinOurCountry

Themarinecurrentinourcountryisseasonal.Inadditiontotheinfluenceofthecontinentalrunoffchange,theseasonalvariationofcoastalflowsystemisalsoaffectedbythechangeofmonsoonandconsistentwiththechangeofmonsoon.ThecurrentsoftheBohaiSea,theYellowSeaandtheEastChinaSeaaremainlycomposedoftwostreams,KuroshioCurrentandCoastalCurrent,whichhavethecharacteristicsofcycloniccirculation.Amongthem,theKuroshioCurrentconsistsofthemainKuroshioanditsbranches.Nanhai,becauseitislocatedinthetropicalmonsoonregion,theprevalenceofthesouthwestwindinsummer,theprevalenceofthenortheastmonsoonwintermonsoon,monsoondirectionconsistentwiththelongaxisofthesea,isconducivetothestabilityofthedevelopmentoftheflowsystem.

2.2DomesticandForeignMarineCurrentPowerGenerationStatus

Inthe1970s,theUnitedStatesandJapanpioneeredthestudyoftidalcurrentandmarinecurrentenergygeneration.In1974theUnitedStatesdevelopedasmallumbrellaturbinethatwastestedintheFloridamarinecurrent.In1985,theUnitedStatesconducteda2kWturbinetestintheGulfofMexico.Inthesameyear,another20kWtidalgeneratorwastestedintheNewYorkCityriver.Atpresent,theUnitedStates,Norway,France,Ireland,Britainandothercountrieshaveoneafteranotheroftidalcurrentandmarinecurrentenergygeneratorputintotesting.Stand-alonecapacityofseveralhundredkilowattsofgeneratingunitsinallcountrieshavebeenmorematuremodels,1MWabovetheunithasbeguntoinvestR&Dandtesting.Thetrendofthefuturecanbesimilartothewaveenergyinthedirectionofmarinecurrentenergygeneration.Theefficiencyandreliabilityofpowergenerationaretheprimaryproblemstobesolved.Toachievethelevelofcommercialoperation,wemustcontinuetoreducethecostandoperatingcostsoftheinitialinvestment.

China'smarinecurrentenergyreservesareveryrich.Accordingtothe1989"China'scoastalruralenergyresourcesregionalization"ofthe130nationalwaterwaysstatistics,thetheoreticalaveragepowerof13,948.2MW.Amongthem,thecoastalprovincesintheEastChinaSeaarethemajorones,andthemarinecurrentsinZhejiangProvinceaccountformorethanhalfofthetotalinthecountry.EspeciallyintheZhoushanarchipelagoarea,thecurrentvelocityofsomechannelsishigherthan4m/s,whichissuitablefortheconstructionoflarge-scalepowerplants.ThetrendofChina'senergyandmarinecurrentenergygenerationtechnologyresearchcarriedoutearlier.Inthe60shasbeencarriedoutwaterturbinetest.Themid-1980s,HarbinInstituteofTechnologydevelopeda1kWtidalcurrentpowergenerationunitprototype.In2002China'sfirst70kWtidalpowerstationwasbuiltinZhoushan,Zhejiang.Sincethen,manydomesticuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionshavecarriedoutavarietyofdifferentcharacteristicsoftidalcurrentandmarinecurrentenergygenerationequipmentresearch,butstand-alonecapacityisstillsmall.IntheOutlineofNationalMediumandLong-termScienceandTechnologyDevelopmentPlan（2006-2020）,thekeytechnologiesof150kWmarinecurrentpowerstationhavebeenlistedaskeyprojectsofoceanenergyresearchanddevelopmentinChina.

3.THEBASICPRINCIPLEOFMARINECURRENTENERGYANDTYPICALPOWERPLANT

3.1TheBasicPrincipleofMarineCurrentPowerGeneration

Theprincipleofusingmarinecurrentenergytogenerateelectricityisbasicallythesameasthatofusingwindtodriveaturbinetogenerateelectricity.Acertainflowofmarinecurrentflowsthroughthebladeinaturbinegeneratortomakeaturbinetorotateageneratorrotorinastator.Therotorofthegeneratorformsamagneticfieldbydirectcurrent.Afterthemagneticfieldrotatesinthestator,themagneticfieldlinescutthecoilsinthestatortoinducethepotentialinthecoil.Afterthepotentialsofmanycoilsaresuperposed,avoltageisformedatthegeneratorterminalstosupplypowertotheload.

3.2ATypicalDevicethatUsesMarineCurrentstoGenerateElectricity

Atpresent,therearemanykindsofdevicesthatutilizemarinecurrentstogenerateelectricity.Herewebrieflyintroducetheworkingprincipleofseveraldevices.

3.2.1HorizontalAxisTurbinesandVerticalAxisTurbines

Fig.2Horizontalaxisturbine

Fig.3Verticalaxisturbine

Horizontalaxisturbine,verticalaxisturbineistheuseofmarinecurrentsflowthroughtheturbinebladestorotatetheirpowergeneration,thestructurediagramareshowninFigure2,Figure3.

3.2.2SwingHydrofoils

SwinghydrofoilstructureshowninFigure4.

Fig.4Swinghydrofoils

Swinghydrofoilsarebasedonthestudyoffluidenergycapturetechnologyofswinginghydrofoils.Comparedwiththeexistingturbinetechnologybasedonrotatingvanes,thefluidenergycapturetechnologybasedonswinginghydrofoilshastheadvantagesoflessimpactontheenvironmentandlessnoise,Catchingefficiencyishighandcanbeusedinshallowwaterandotheradvantages,butalsohasasimplestructureofthevane,easyprocessingandhighercatchingefficiency,about4timesthetraditionalrotaryturbines’catchingefficiency.

3.2.3VenturiStructureDevice

TheVenturistructureisadevicethatutilizesthefluidpressuredifferentialandwasinventedbytheItalianphysicistG.B.Venturi.Venturiaretubesthatshrinkandthenexpand,andiftheturbinesareinstalledproperly,theycaneffectivelyutilizethemarinecurrentsforpowergeneration.Butatpresentonlylimitedtothelaboratoryresearchanddevelopmentstage,havenotfullyputintouse.VenturistructuredeviceisshowninFigure5.

Fig.5Venturistructuredevice

3.2.4ArchimedesSpiral

Archimedesspiralworkprincipleisthatwhenthemarinecurrenttodriveitsaxisofrotation,thescrewononehandarounditsownaxisofrotation,ontheotherhanditrollsalongtheinnersurfaceofthesleeve,thendrivethegeneratortorotate.Eachrevolutionofthescrew,theliquidinthesealedcavityispushedforwardbyapitch,andwiththecontinuousrotationofthescrew,theliquidspirallypressesfromonesealedcavitytotheothersealedcavity.

Fig.6Archimedesspiral

TheArchimedesspiralisshowninFigure6.

Archimedesspiralisanewtypeofmachinerythatdrivesthegeneratortorotate,whichhastheadvantagesofsimplestructure,safeandreliableoperation,easymaintenanceandpressurestability.Alsoduetoitsuseintheseafloor,bythemicrobialandothercomplexenvironment,largeefficiencyislimited,isstillinthefurtherdevelopmentstage.

4.OCEAN'SKITE:

ANEWTYPEOFMARINECURRENTPOWORPLANT

4.1Ocean'sKiteWorkingPrinciple

ThemainstructureoftheOcean'skiteisthewingsandturbines.Ocean'skitesusuallyuseturbineswithapowerofabout150to800kilowatts.Generallyplacedinthesea50~300metersbelowthesea,withacableconnectedtotheseabed.Itcanoperateatmarinecurrentsofabout1to2.5m/s.Whenpowerisgenerated,theOcean'skiteswingsfromleftsidetorightside.Itsmovementpathis"八"inshape,justaswesawthekiteflyingintheair.

4.2TheMainStructureofOcean'sKites

Atthisstage,theOcean'skiteismainlydividedintotwokindsofstructures.Thefirststructureisthewingandturbine