New Energy Course ReportEnglish.docx

1、New Energy Course Report English南 京 理 工 大 学新能源技术课程报告姓名学 号：学院(系):自动化学院专 业:电力系统及其自动化题 目:洋流能的发展状况与最新研究状况组别任课教师硕士导师2017年12月25号The development of marine current energy and the latest research statusE-mail: ABSTRACT：First of all, this article introduces the basic concepts of marine currents and the basic

2、principles of using marine currents to generate electricity. Then, the article introduces a novel device that uses marine currents to generate electricity: Oceans kite. The working principle of Oceans kite is expounded in detail, and two kinds of Oceans kites with different structures are contrasted

3、. The status quo of their research and development of the actual application are introduced. The article highlights the latest structure of the GEM-Oceans Kite, developed by Italian scientists, and the latest improvements. The efficiency of GEM-Oceans Kite power generation before and after the impro

4、vement is analyzed and compared, and the efficiency is greatly improved. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of Oceans kites in power generation are summarized, and their application prospects are prospected.KEYWORDS：Marine Current Energy; Oceans kite; Working principle; Innovation1. INTRODUCT

5、IONThe marine current is the current of the ocean and it is an inexhaustible source of energy for the ocean. The world on which mankind lives is about 510 million square kilometers , of which the boundless sea accounts for 71%. It is estimated that the total renewable tidal energy, marine current en

6、ergy, marine temperature difference energy and wave energy contained in the ocean is 76.6 billion kilowatts. Fig.1 Basic distribution of marine currents in the Pacific OceanAmong them, the marine current energy due to its available energy, relatively stable characteristics, attracted the widely atte

7、ntion.As is shown in Figure 1 , the Pacific marine current distribution diagram. Marine current is the seawater in the ocean due to thermal radiation, evaporation, precipitation, shrinkage and the formation of different density of water masses, and coupled with the wind stress, turn to the force, ti

8、dal force and the role of relatively stable flow. Therefore, the marine current can essentially be the kinetic energy produced by seawater flow and is a renewable and clean energy source.2. UTILIZATION STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT TREND2.1 The Distribution Of Marine Current Energy Resources in Our Country

9、 The marine current in our country is seasonal. In addition to the influence of the continental runoff change, the seasonal variation of coastal flow system is also affected by the change of monsoon and consistent with the change of monsoon. The currents of the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East

10、 China Sea are mainly composed of two streams, Kuroshio Current and Coastal Current, which have the characteristics of cyclonic circulation. Among them, the Kuroshio Current consists of the main Kuroshio and its branches. Nanhai, because it is located in the tropical monsoon region, the prevalence o

11、f the southwest wind in summer, the prevalence of the northeast monsoon winter monsoon, monsoon direction consistent with the long axis of the sea, is conducive to the stability of the development of the flow system.2.2 Domestic and Foreign Marine Current Power Generation Status In the 1970s, the Un

12、ited States and Japan pioneered the study of tidal current and marine current energy generation. In 1974 the United States developed a small umbrella turbine that was tested in the Florida marine current. In 1985, the United States conducted a 2kW turbine test in the Gulf of Mexico. In the same year

13、, another 20kW tidal generator was tested in the New York City river. At present, the United States, Norway, France, Ireland, Britain and other countries have one after another of tidal current and marine current energy generator put into testing. Stand-alone capacity of several hundred kilowatts of

14、 generating units in all countries have been more mature models, 1MW above the unit has begun to invest R & D and testing. The trend of the future can be similar to the wave energy in the direction of marine current energy generation. The efficiency and reliability of power generation are the primar

15、y problems to be solved. To achieve the level of commercial operation, we must continue to reduce the cost and operating costs of the initial investment.Chinas marine current energy reserves are very rich. According to the 1989 Chinas coastal rural energy resources regionalization of the 130 nationa

16、l waterways statistics , the theoretical average power of 13,948.2MW. Among them, the coastal provinces in the East China Sea are the major ones, and the marine currents in Zhejiang Province account for more than half of the total in the country. Especially in the Zhoushan archipelago area, the curr

17、ent velocity of some channels is higher than 4 m/s, which is suitable for the construction of large-scale power plants. The trend of Chinas energy and marine current energy generation technology research carried out earlier. In the 60s has been carried out water turbine test. The mid-1980s, Harbin I

18、nstitute of Technology developed a 1kW tidal current power generation unit prototype. In 2002 Chinas first 70kW tidal power station was built in Zhoushan, Zhejiang. Since then, many domestic universities and research institutions have carried out a variety of different characteristics of tidal curre

19、nt and marine current energy generation equipment research, but stand-alone capacity is still small. In the Outline of National Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020), the key technologies of 150kW marine current power station have been listed as key projects of oce

20、an energy research and development in China.3. THE BASIC PRINCIPLE OF MARINECURRENT ENERGY AND TYPICAL POWER PLANT 3.1 The Basic Principle of Marine Current Power GenerationThe principle of using marine current energy to generate electricity is basically the same as that of using wind to drive a tur

21、bine to generate electricity. A certain flow of marine current flows through the blade in a turbine generator to make a turbine to rotate a generator rotor in a stator. The rotor of the generator forms a magnetic field by direct current. After the magnetic field rotates in the stator, the magnetic f

22、ield lines cut the coils in the stator to induce the potential in the coil. After the potentials of many coils are superposed, a voltage is formed at the generator terminals to supply power to the load.3.2 A Typical Device that Uses Marine Currents to Generate ElectricityAt present, there are many k

23、inds of devices that utilize marine currents to generate electricity. Here we briefly introduce the working principle of several devices.3.2.1 Horizontal Axis Turbines and Vertical Axis TurbinesFig.2 Horizontal axis turbineFig.3 Vertical axis turbineHorizontal axis turbine, vertical axis turbine is

24、the use of marine currents flow through the turbine blades to rotate their power generation, the structure diagram are shown in Figure 2, Figure 3.3.2.2 Swing HydrofoilsSwing hydrofoil structure shown in Figure 4.Fig.4 Swing hydrofoilsSwing hydrofoils are based on the study of fluid energy capture t

25、echnology of swinging hydrofoils. Compared with the existing turbine technology based on rotating vanes, the fluid energy capture technology based on swinging hydrofoils has the advantages of less impact on the environment and less noise , Catching efficiency is high and can be used in shallow water

26、 and other advantages, but also has a simple structure of the vane, easy processing and higher catching efficiency, about 4 times the traditional rotary turbines catching efficiency. 3.2.3 Venturi Structure Device The Venturi structure is a device that utilizes the fluid pressure differential and wa

27、s invented by the Italian physicist G. B. Venturi. Venturi are tubes that shrink and then expand, and if the turbines are installed properly, they can effectively utilize the marine currents for power generation. But at present only limited to the laboratory research and development stage, have not

28、fully put into use. Venturi structure device is shown in Figure 5.Fig.5 Venturi structure device3.2.4 Archimedes SpiralArchimedes spiral work principle is that when the marine current to drive its axis of rotation, the screw on one hand around its own axis of rotation, on the other hand it rolls alo

29、ng the inner surface of the sleeve, then drive the generator to rotate. Each revolution of the screw, the liquid in the sealed cavity is pushed forward by a pitch, and with the continuous rotation of the screw, the liquid spirally presses from one sealed cavity to the other sealed cavity. Fig.6 Arch

30、imedes spiralThe Archimedes spiral is shown in Figure 6.Archimedes spiral is a new type of machinery that drives the generator to rotate, which has the advantages of simple structure, safe and reliable operation, easy maintenance and pressure stability. Also due to its use in the sea floor, by the m

31、icrobial and other complex environment, large efficiency is limited, is still in the further development stage.4. OCEANS KITE: A NEW TYPE OF MARINE CURRENT POWOR PLANT4.1 Oceans Kite Working PrincipleThe main structure of the Oceans kite is the wings and turbines. Oceans kites usually use turbines w

32、ith a power of about 150 to 800 kilowatts. Generally placed in the sea 50 300 meters below the sea, with a cable connected to the seabed. It can operate at marine currents of about 1 to 2.5 m / s. When power is generated, the Oceans kite swings from left side to right side. Its movement path is 八 in shape, just as we saw the kite flying in the air.4.2 The Main Structure of Oceans KitesAt this stage, the Oceans kite is mainly divided into two kinds of structures. The first structure is the wing and turbine